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This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University (06 Sep 2018\/HSEARS20180906005). The correspondence author Zheng Y.P. owned a number of patents related to the Scolioscan system (derived the original ultrasonic parameter \u2018BAI\u2019), which have been licensed to Telefield Medical Imaging Limited for commercialization. Zheng YP held a consultant position at the Hong Kong Telefield Medical Imaging Ltd for the ongoing improvement of Scolioscan system. Other authors [Yang D., Lee T.T.Y., Lai K.K.L., Lam T.P., Castelein R.M., Cheng J.C.Y] have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}