{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T04:35:01Z","timestamp":1751603701971,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]],"date-time":"2022-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669161600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["386233407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["386233407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005713","name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005713","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J CARS"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Practicing endoscopic procedures is fundamental for the education of clinicians and the benefit of patients. Despite a diverse variety of model types, there is no system simulating anatomical restrictions and variations in a flexible and atraumatic way. Our goal was to develop and validate a new modelling approach for adhesion forces between colon and abdominal wall.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An inlay for a standard mechanical trainer was designed and 3D printed. Colon specimens were fixed to the inlay along colon ascendens (CA) and colon descendens (CD) by a vacuum. Our system, which we refer to as Colonoscopy Vacuum Model (CoVaMo), was validated with 11 test persons with varying level of expertise. Each performed one colonoscopy and one polypectomy in the CoVaMo and in the Endoscopic Laparoscopic Interdisciplinary Training Entity (ELITE). Achieved adhesion forces, times required to fulfill different tasks endoscopically and a questionnaire, assessing proximity to reality, were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Mean adhesion forces of 37\u2009\u00b1\u20097\u00a0N at the CA and 30\u2009\u00b1\u200915\u00a0N at the CD were achieved. Test subjects considered CoVaMo more realistic than ELITE concerning endoscope handling and the overall anatomy. Participants needed statistically significantly more time to maneuver from anus to flexura sinistra in CoVaMo (377\u00a0s\u2009\u00b1\u2009244\u00a0s) than in ELITE (58\u00a0s\u2009\u00b1\u200949\u00a0s).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We developed a training environment enabling anatomically and procedural realistic colonoscopy training requiring participants to handle all endoscope features in parallel. Fixation forces compare to forces needed to tear pig colon off the mesentery. Workflow and inlay can be adapted to any arbitrary ex vivo simulator.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-022-02792-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T13:53:18Z","timestamp":1669297998000},"page":"105-116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The colonoscopic vacuum model\u2013simulating biomechanical restrictions to provide a realistic colonoscopy training environment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5576-3262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Steger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Kwade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maximilian","family":"Berlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Krumpholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Ficht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Mela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2792_CR1","volume-title":"Biomedical engineering in gastrointestinal surgery: diagnostic procedures","author":"A Schneider","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schneider A, Feussner H (2017) Biomedical engineering in gastrointestinal surgery: diagnostic procedures. 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Steger, Mr. C. Kwade, Mr. M. Berlet, Mr. R. Krumpholz, Ms. S. Ficht, Prof. P. Mela and Prof. D. Wilhelm have no disclosure to declare.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. This article does not contain patient data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}