{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T18:43:15Z","timestamp":1786387395617,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vodafone Greece"},{"name":"Vodafone Greece"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J CARS"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Using robotic technology and communications infrastructure to remotely perform surgery has been a persistent goal in medical research in the past three decades. The recent deployment of the Fifth-Generation Wireless Networks has revitalized the research efforts in the telesurgery paradigm. Offering low latency and high bandwidth communication, they are well suited for applications that require real-time data transmission and can allow smoother communication between surgeon and patient, making it possible to remotely perform complex surgeries. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the 5\u00a0G network on surgical performance during a telesurgical demonstration where the surgeon and the robot are separated by nearly 300\u00a0km.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The surgeon performed surgical exercises on a robotic surgery training phantom using a novel telesurgical platform. The master controllers were connected to the local site on a 5\u00a0G network, teleoperating the robot remotely in a hospital. A video feed of the remote site was also streamed. The surgeon performed various tasks on the phantom such as cutting, dissection, pick-and-place and ring tower transfer. To assess the usefulness, usability and image quality of the system, the surgeon was subsequently interviewed using three structured questionnaires.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>All tasks were completed successfully. The low latency and high bandwidth of the network resulted into a latency of 18 ms for the motion commands while the video delay was about 350 ms. This enabled the surgeon to operate smoothly with a high-definition video from about 300\u00a0km away. The surgeon viewed the system\u2019s usability in a neutral to positive way while the video image was rated as of good quality.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>5\u00a0G networks provide significant advancement in the field of telecommunications, offering faster speeds and lower latency than previous generations of wireless technology. They can serve as an enabling technology for telesurgery and further advance its application and adoption.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-023-02913-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T16:02:47Z","timestamp":1682352167000},"page":"1577-1587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["A long distance telesurgical demonstration on robotic surgery phantoms over 5G"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0454-0755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Moustris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1545-9191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Costas","family":"Tzafestas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Konstantinidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"2913_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/6894","volume-title":"Robot surgery","author":"T Haidegger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haidegger T, Beny\u00f3 Z (2010) Extreme telesurgery, Chap. 2. 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