{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T11:37:44Z","timestamp":1763552264946,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686182400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000289","name":"Cancer Research UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000289","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J CARS"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) for oesophageal and gastric carcinoma is associated with local recurrence and poorer long-term survival. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) is a non-invasive technology able to distinguish tissue type based on spectral data. The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning-based method for DRS probe detection and tracking to aid classification of tumour and non-tumour gastrointestinal (GI) tissue in real time.\n<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data collected from both ex vivo human tissue specimen and sold tissue phantoms were used for the training and retrospective validation of the developed neural network framework. Specifically, a neural network based on the You Only Look Once (YOLO) v5 network was developed to accurately detect and track the tip of the DRS probe on video data acquired during an ex vivo clinical study.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Different metrics were used to analyse the performance of the proposed probe detection and tracking framework, such as precision, recall, mAP 0.5, and Euclidean distance. Overall, the developed framework achieved a 93% precision at 23 FPS for probe detection, while the average Euclidean distance error was 4.90 pixels.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The use of a deep learning approach for markerless DRS probe detection and tracking system could pave the way for real-time classification of GI tissue to aid margin assessment in cancer resection surgery and has potential to be applied in routine surgical practice.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-023-02944-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]],"date-time":"2023-06-08T13:02:32Z","timestamp":1686229352000},"page":"11-14","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A YOLOv5-based network for the detection of a diffuse reflectance spectroscopy probe to aid surgical guidance in gastrointestinal cancer surgery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0897-9885","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Gkouzionis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yican","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Scarlet","family":"Nazarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ara","family":"Darzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Elson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.068","volume":"159","author":"M Arnold","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arnold M, Abnet CC, Neale RE, Vignat J, Giovannucci EL, McGlynn KA, Bray F (2020) Global burden of 5 major types of gastrointestinal cancer. Gastroenterology 159(1):335\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.02.068","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2944_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3669-7","volume":"21","author":"J Spicer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spicer J, Benay C, Lee L, Rousseau M, Andalib A, Kushner Y, Marcus V, Ferri L (2014) Diagnostic accuracy and utility of intraoperative microscopic margin analysis of gastric and esophageal adenocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 21:2580\u20132586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1245\/s10434-014-3669-7","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2944_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2014-0506-RA","volume":"139","author":"PA Bejarano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bejarano PA, Berho M (2015) Examination of surgical specimens of the Esophagus. 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Dr Darzi is the Chair of Flagship Pioneering UK Ltd. and the Preemptive Medicine and Health Security initiative. Dr Elson has received grants from Cancer Research UK during the conduct of the study as well as Grants from National Institute for Health Research, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, Wellcome Trust, and Cancer Research UK outside the submitted work, and has patents 3356558, 61\/829,420, and 61\/839,606 issued. Dr Peters has received Grants from Cancer Research UK and National Institute for Health Research during the conduct of the study. No other disclosures were reported.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}