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However, empirical evidence on the advantages of AI-assisted volumetric segmentation for lymph node and soft tissue metastases in follow-up CT scans is lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency, quality, and inter-reader variability of an AI-assisted workflow for volumetric segmentation of lymph node and soft tissue metastases in follow-up CT scans. Three hypotheses were tested: (H1) Assessment time for follow-up lesion segmentation is reduced using an AI-assisted workflow. (H2) The quality of the AI-assisted segmentation is non-inferior to the quality of fully manual segmentation. (H3) The inter-reader variability of the resulting segmentations is reduced with AI assistance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study retrospectively analyzed 126 lymph nodes and 135 soft tissue metastases from 55 patients with stage IV melanoma. Three radiologists from two institutions performed both AI-assisted and manual segmentation, and the results were statistically analyzed and compared to a manual segmentation reference standard.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>AI-assisted segmentation reduced user interaction time significantly by 33% (222\u00a0s vs. 336\u00a0s), achieved similar Dice scores (0.80\u20130.84 vs. 0.81\u20130.82) and decreased inter-reader variability (median Dice 0.85\u20131.0 vs. 0.80\u20130.82; ICC 0.84 vs. 0.80), compared to manual segmentation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The findings of this study support the use of AI-assisted registration and volumetric segmentation for lymph node and soft tissue metastases in follow-up CT scans. The AI-assisted workflow achieved significant time savings, similar segmentation quality, and reduced inter-reader variability compared to manual segmentation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-024-03181-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]],"date-time":"2024-05-30T13:02:03Z","timestamp":1717074123000},"page":"1689-1697","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Improving assessment of lesions in longitudinal CT scans: a bi-institutional reader study on an AI-assisted registration and volumetric segmentation workflow"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7602-803X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessa","family":"Hering","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Max","family":"Westphal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Gerken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Haidara","family":"Almansour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Maurer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Geisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Temke","family":"Kohlbrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Eigentler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nikolas","family":"Lessmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sergios","family":"Gatidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Horst","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Nikolaou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Moltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Peisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3181_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026","volume":"45","author":"EA Eisenhauer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, Schwartz LH, Sargent D, Ford R et al (2009) New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). 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