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CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) is a standard diagnostic tool for detecting APE. However, for treatment planning and prognosis of patient outcome, an accurate assessment of individual APEs is required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Within this study, we compiled and prepared a dataset of 200 CTPA image volumes of patients with APE. We then adapted two state-of-the-art neural networks; the nnU-Net and the transformer-based VT-UNet in order to provide fully automatic APE segmentations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The nnU-Net demonstrated robust performance, achieving an average Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of 88.25 \u00b1 10.19% and an average 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95) of 10.57 \u00b1 34.56\u00a0mm across the validation sets in a five-fold cross-validation framework. In comparison, the VT-UNet was achieving on par accuracies with an average DSC of 87.90 \u00b1 10.94% and a mean HD95 of 10.77 \u00b1 34.19\u00a0mm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We applied two state-of-the-art networks for automatic APE segmentation to our compiled CTPA dataset and achieved superior experimental results compared to the current state of the art. In clinical routine, accurate APE segmentations can be used for enhanced patient prognosis and treatment planning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-025-03503-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T13:37:41Z","timestamp":1758807461000},"page":"367-375","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Deep learning-based segmentation of acute pulmonary embolism in cardiac CT images"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Amini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Hille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Janine","family":"H\u00fcrtgen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Surov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Saalfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"3503_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2021.08.015","volume":"206","author":"N Wenger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wenger N, Sebastian T, Engelberger RP, Kucher N, Spirk D (2021) Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis: similar but different. 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