{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:34:39Z","timestamp":1777466079846,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Real-Time Image Proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-019-00859-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]],"date-time":"2019-02-28T15:53:50Z","timestamp":1551369230000},"page":"1089-1102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Real-time iris segmentation and its implementation on FPGA"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Tariq M.","family":"Khan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Donald G.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mohammad A. U.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yinan","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"859_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2010.08.020","volume":"49","author":"TM Khan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Khan, T.M., Khan, M.A., Malik, S.A., Khan, S.A., Bashir, T., Dar, A.H.: Automatic localization of pupil using eccentricity and iris using gradient based method. Opt. Lasers Eng. 49(2), 177\u2013187 (2011)","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"859_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.optlaseng.2011.11.008","volume":"50","author":"MT Ibrahim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ibrahim, M.T., Khan, T.M., Khan, S.A., Khan, M.A., Guan, L.: Iris localization using local histogram and other image statistics. Opt. Lasers Eng. 50(5), 645\u2013654 (2012)","journal-title":"Opt. Lasers Eng."},{"key":"859_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1117\/12.541921","volume":"5404","author":"J Cui","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cui, J., Wang, Y., Tan, T., Ma, L., Sun, Z.: A fast and robust iris localization method based on texture segmentation. Biom. Technol. Hum. Identif. 5404, 401\u2013408 (2004)","journal-title":"Biom. Technol. Hum. Identif."},{"issue":"5","key":"859_CR4","first-page":"293","volume":"1","author":"S Dey","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dey, S., Samanta, D.: A novel approach to iris localization for iris biometric processing. Int. J. Biol. Biomed. Med. Sci. 1(5), 293\u2013304 (2007)","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Biomed. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"859_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ifs.2009.0267","volume":"5","author":"M Lopez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lopez, M., Daugman, J., Canto, E.: Hardware-software co-design of an iris recognition algorithm. IET Inf. Secur. 5(1), 60\u201368 (2011)","journal-title":"IET Inf. Secur."},{"issue":"2","key":"859_CR6","first-page":"694","volume":"20","author":"V Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Asati, A., Gupta, A.: Hardware implementation of a novel edge-map generation technique for pupil detection in NIR images. Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J. 20(2), 694\u2013704 (2017)","journal-title":"Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J."},{"key":"859_CR7","unstructured":"Daugman, J.: How iris recognition works. In: International Conference on Image Processing, vol. 1, pp. I-33\u2013I-36 (2002)"},{"issue":"2","key":"859_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imavis.2009.04.017","volume":"28","author":"Y Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Adjouadi, M., Han, C., Wang, J., Barreto, A., Rishe, N., Andrian, J.: A highly accurate and computationally efficient approach for unconstrained iris segmentation. Image Vis. Comput. 28(2), 261\u2013269 (2010)","journal-title":"Image Vis. Comput."},{"key":"859_CR9","unstructured":"Daugman, J.: Biometric personal identification system based on iris analysis. USA A Patent US5\u00a0291\u00a0560 A (1994)"},{"issue":"3","key":"859_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2014.6937334","volume":"60","author":"HT Ngo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ngo, H.T., Rakvic, R.N., Broussard, R.P., Ives, R.W.: Resource-aware architecture design and implementation of Hough transform for a real-time iris boundary detection system. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 60(3), 485\u2013492 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"issue":"9","key":"859_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2011.2147150","volume":"21","author":"K Grabowski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grabowski, K., Napieralski, A.: Hardware architecture optimized for iris recognition. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 21(9), 1293\u20131303 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"859_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross, A., Shah, S.: Segmenting non-ideal irises using geodesic active contours. In: Biometrics Symposium: Special Session on Research at the Biometric Consortium Conference, Sept 2006, pp. 1\u20136 (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/BCC.2006.4341625"},{"key":"859_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim, M.T., Mehmood, T., Khan, M.A., Guan, L.: A novel and efficient feedback method for pupil and iris localization. In: International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition, LNCS, vol. 6754, pp. 79\u201388 (2011)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21596-4_9"},{"key":"859_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim, M.T., Khan, T.M., Khan, M.A., Ling, G.: Automatic segmentation of pupil using local histogram and standard deviation. In: Visual Communications and Image Processing, vol. 7744. SPIE, pp. 77\u00a0442S\u201377\u00a0442S (2010)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.863264"},{"issue":"9","key":"859_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1109\/5.628669","volume":"85","author":"R Wildes","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wildes, R.: Iris recognition: an emerging biometric technology. Proc. IEEE 85(9), 1348\u20131363 (1997)","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"859_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, T.M., Kong, Y., Khan, M.A.: Hardware implementation of fast pupil segmentation using region properties. In: The International Conference on Quality Control by Artificial Vision, vol. 9534. SPIE, 95\u00a0340F\u201395\u00a0340F (2015)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.2182881"},{"key":"859_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ngo, H., Shafer, J., Ives, R., Rakvic, R., Broussard, R.: Real time iris segmentation on FPGA. In: IEEE 23rd International Conference on Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors (ASAP), pp. 1\u20137, July (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/ASAP.2012.26"},{"issue":"2","key":"859_CR18","first-page":"694","volume":"20","author":"V Kumar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Asati, A., Gupta, A.: Hardware implementation of a novel edge-map generation technique for pupil detection in NIR images. Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J. 20(2), 694\u2013704 (2017)","journal-title":"Eng. Sci. Technol. Int. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"859_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s11265-017-1282-2","volume":"90","author":"V Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Asati, A., Gupta, A.: Hardware accelerators for iris localization. J. Signal Process. Syst. 90(4), 655\u2013671 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Signal Process. Syst."},{"key":"859_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Avey, J.: An FPGA-based hardware accelerator for iris segmentation. Master\u2019s thesis, Iowa State University (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/RECONFIG.2018.8641726"},{"issue":"9","key":"859_CR21","first-page":"2277","volume":"22","author":"H Al-Mamory","year":"2014","unstructured":"Al-Mamory, H.: Iris detection using morphology. J. Babylon Univ. Pure Appl. Sci. 22(9), 2277\u20132282 (2014)","journal-title":"J. Babylon Univ. Pure Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"859_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"043 012 1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JEI.24.4.043012","volume":"24","author":"Y Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Liu, Y., Zhu, X.: Robust iris segmentation algorithm based on self-adaptive chan Vese level set model. J. Electron. Imaging 24(4), 043 012 1\u2013043 012 12 (2015)","journal-title":"J. Electron. Imaging"},{"key":"859_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Hou, G., Sun, Z.: Eyelash removal using light field camera for iris recognition. In: Chinese Conference on Biometric Recognition, vol. 8833. LNCS, pp. 319\u2013327 (2014)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-12484-1_36"},{"key":"859_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, M.A.M., Tahir, N.M.: Half iris Gabor based iris recognition. In: IEEE 10th International Colloquium on Signal Processing & Its Applications (CSPA), pp. 282 \u2013287 (2014)","DOI":"10.1109\/CSPA.2014.6805765"},{"key":"859_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470828519","volume-title":"Design for Embedded Image Processing on FPGAs","author":"DG Bailey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bailey, D.G.: Design for Embedded Image Processing on FPGAs. Wiley, Hoboken (2011)"},{"key":"859_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bailey, D.G.: Efficient implementation of greyscale morphological filters. In: International Conference on Field Programmable Technology, pp. 421\u201342 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/FPT.2010.5681450"},{"issue":"4","key":"859_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1145\/321356.321357","volume":"13","author":"A Rosenfeld","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rosenfeld, A., Pfaltz, J.: Sequential operations in digital picture processing. J. ACM 13(4), 471\u2013494 (1996)","journal-title":"J. ACM"},{"issue":"7","key":"859_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1334","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2015.2450371","volume":"26","author":"MJ Klaiber","year":"2016","unstructured":"Klaiber, M.J., Bailey, D.G., Baroud, Y.O., Simon, S.: A resource-efficient hardware architecture for connected components analysis. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 26(7), 1334\u20131349 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"859_CR29","unstructured":"MMU iris database (2007). [Online]. http:\/\/www.cs.princeton.edu\/~andyz\/irisrecognition . Accessed Dec 2016"},{"key":"859_CR30","unstructured":"Specifications of CASIA iris image database. Chinese Academy of Sciences. [Online]. http:\/\/english.ia.cas.cn\/db\/201610\/t20161026_169399.html . Accessed Dec 2016"},{"key":"859_CR31","unstructured":"Bowyer, K.W., Flynn, P.J.: The ND-IRIS-0405 iris image dataset. Tech. Rep. arXiv:1606.04853"},{"issue":"5","key":"859_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2009.59","volume":"32","author":"PJ Phillips","year":"2010","unstructured":"Phillips, P.J., Scruggs, W.T., O\u2019Toole, A.J., Flynn, P.J., Bowyer, K.W., Schott, C.L., Sharpe, M.: FVRT 2006 and ICE 2006 large-scale experimental results. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 32(5), 831\u2013846 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"859_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phillips, P.J., Bowyer, K.W., Flyn, P.J., Liu, X., Scruggs, W.T.: The iris challenge evaluation 2005. In: Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2008.4699333"},{"key":"859_CR34","unstructured":"Masek, L., Kovesi, P.: Matlab source code for a biometric identification system based on iris patterns. The School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Tech. Rep. (2003)"},{"issue":"8","key":"859_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2017.1167","volume":"12","author":"V Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar, V., Asati, A., Gupta, A.: Memory-efficient architecture of circle Hough transform and its FPGA implementation for iris localisation. IET Image Process. 12(8), 1753\u20131761 (2018)","journal-title":"IET Image Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"859_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2009.2032012","volume":"4","author":"RN Rakvic","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rakvic, R.N., Ulis, B.J., Broussard, R.P., Ives, R.W., Steiner, N.: Parallelizing iris recognition. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 4(4), 812\u2013823 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"859_CR37","unstructured":"Ng, R.Y.F., Tay, Y.H., Mok, K.M.: Iris verification algorithm based on texture analysis and its implementation on DSP. In: International Conference on Signal Acquisition and Processing (ICSAP2009), pp. 198\u2013202 (2009)"},{"issue":"1","key":"859_CR38","first-page":"1","volume":"274","author":"FJ Giacometto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Giacometto, F.J., Vilardy, J.M., Torres, C.O., Mattos, L.: Design and implementation of an algorithm for creating templates for the purpose of iris biometric authentication through the analysis of textures implemented on a FPGA. J. Phys. 274(1), 1\u201313 (2011)","journal-title":"J. Phys."}],"container-title":["Journal of Real-Time Image Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11554-019-00859-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11554-019-00859-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11554-019-00859-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,12]],"date-time":"2022-09-12T20:18:54Z","timestamp":1663013934000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11554-019-00859-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11554-019-00859-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-8200","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-8219","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 February 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}