{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T17:26:25Z","timestamp":1783099585062,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,3]],"date-time":"2021-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633219200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,3]],"date-time":"2021-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633219200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61772087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61772087"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61701310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61701310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"national natural science foundation of china","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61504013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61504013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Real-Time Image Proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-021-01174-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]],"date-time":"2021-10-04T21:15:18Z","timestamp":1633382118000},"page":"161-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["An efficient low-complexity block partition scheme for VVC intra coding"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biao","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1125-9299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miaohui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zelin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"1174_CR1","unstructured":"JVET Group: VVC Reference Software. [online] https:\/\/vcgit.hhi.fraunhofer.de\/jvet\/ VVCSoftware_VTM\/-\/tags\/VTM-6.3 (2019)"},{"key":"1174_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2938670","volume":"29","author":"T Amestoy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Amestoy, T., Mercat, A., Hamidouche, W., Menard, D., Bergeron, C.: Tunable VVC frame partitioning based on lightweight machine learning. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 29, 1313\u20131328 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"1174_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-020-01059-7","volume":"18","author":"S Bakkouri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bakkouri, S., Elyousfi, A.: Machine learning-based fast cu size decision algorithm for 3D-hevc inter-coding. Springer J. Real-Time Image Process. 18(3), 983\u2013995 (2021)","journal-title":"Springer J. Real-Time Image Process."},{"key":"1174_CR4","unstructured":"Bj\u00f8ntegaard, G.: Calculation of average PSNR differences between RD-curves. In: Proceedings of the VCEG-M33, p 1\u20134 (2001)"},{"key":"1174_CR5","unstructured":"Bossen, F., Boyce, J., Suehring, K., Li, X., Seregin, V.: JVET common test conditions and software reference configurations. In: Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) of ITU-T SG 16 WP 3 and ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 11th Meeting, p 1\u20136 (2018)"},{"issue":"1","key":"1174_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-019-00936-0","volume":"17","author":"S Bouaafia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bouaafia, S., Khemiri, R., Sayadi, F.E., Atri, M.: Fast cu partition-based machine learning approach for reducing hevc complexity. Springer J. Real-Time Image Process. 17(1), 185\u2013196 (2020)","journal-title":"Springer J. Real-Time Image Process."},{"key":"1174_CR7","unstructured":"Bross, B.: Versatile video coding (draft 1). In: Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) of ITU-T SG 16 WP 3 and ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 10th Meeting (2018)"},{"issue":"37","key":"1174_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27923","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-020-09401-8","volume":"79","author":"F Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen, F., Ren, Y., Peng, Z., Jiang, G., Cui, X.: A fast CU size decision algorithm for VVC intra prediction based on support vector machine. Multimed. Tools Appl. 79(37), 27923\u201327939 (2020)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"1174_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, J., Sun, H., Katto, J., Zeng, X., Fan, Y.: Fast QTMT partition decision algorithm in VVC intra coding based on variance and gradient. In: IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), pp. 1\u20134 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/VCIP47243.2019.8965674"},{"key":"1174_CR10","unstructured":"Chuang, T.D., Chen, C.Y., Huang, Y.W., Lei, S.M.: CE1-related: Separate tree partitioning at 64x64-luma\/32x32-chroma unit level. In: Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) of ITU-T SG16 WP3 and ISO\/IEC JTC1\/SC29\/WG11 11th Meeting, p. 1\u20133 (2018)"},{"key":"1174_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, J., Zhang, T., Gu, C., Zhang, X., Ma, S.: Gradient-based early termination of CU partition in VVC intra coding. In: IEEE Data Compression Conference (DCC), pp. 103\u2013112 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/DCC47342.2020.00018"},{"key":"1174_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De-Lux\u00e1n-Hern\u00e1ndez, S., George, V., Ma, J., Nguyen, T., Schwarz, H., Marpe, D., Wiegand, T.: An intra subpartition coding mode for VVC. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 1203\u20131207 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2019.8803777"},{"key":"1174_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, T., Zhang, H., Mu, F., Chen, H.: Fast CU partitioning algorithm for H.266\/VVC intra-frame coding. In: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), pp. 55\u201360 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2019.00018"},{"key":"1174_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grellert, M., da\u00a0Silva\u00a0Cruz, L.A., Zatt, B., Bampi, S.: Coding mode decision algorithm for fast hevc transrating using heuristics and machine learning. Springer J. Real-Time Image Process., 1\u201316 (2021)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-020-01063-x"},{"issue":"6","key":"1174_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-017-0718-z","volume":"16","author":"H Hamout","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hamout, H., Elyousfi, A.: An efficient edge detection algorithm for fast intra-coding for 3d video extension of hevc. Springer J. Real-Time Image Process. 16(6), 2093\u20132105 (2019)","journal-title":"Springer J. Real-Time Image Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"1174_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-020-00996-7","volume":"18","author":"E Hosseini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hosseini, E., Pakdaman, F., Hashemi, M.R., Ghanbari, M.: Fine-grain complexity control of hevc intra prediction in battery-powered video codecs. Springer J. Real-Time Image Process. 18(3), 603\u2013618 (2021)","journal-title":"Springer J. Real-Time Image Process."},{"key":"1174_CR17","unstructured":"Huang, H., Zhang, K., Huang, Y.W., Lei, S.: EE2.1: Quadtree plus binary tree structure integration with JEM tools. In: Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) of ITU-T SG 16 WP 3 and ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 3rd Meeting (2016)"},{"key":"1174_CR18","unstructured":"Laroche, G., Taquet, J., Gisquet, C., Onno, P.: CE3-5.1: On cross-component linear model simplification. In: Joint Video Experts Team (JVET) of ITU-T SG 16 WP 3 and ISO\/IEC JTC 1\/SC 29\/WG 11 12th Meeting, p. 1\u20133 (2018)"},{"key":"1174_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lei, M., Luo, F., Zhang, X., Wang, S., Ma, S.: Look-ahead prediction based coding unit size pruning for VVC intra coding. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 4120\u20134124 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2019.8803421"},{"issue":"5","key":"1174_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-019-00876-9","volume":"17","author":"Y Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, Y., Yang, G., Zhu, Y., Ding, X., Song, Y., Zhang, D.: Hybrid stopping model-based fast pu and cu decision for 3d-hevc texture coding. Springer J. Real-Time Image Process. 17(5), 1227\u20131238 (2020)","journal-title":"Springer J. Real-Time Image Process."},{"issue":"8","key":"1174_CR21","first-page":"1335","volume":"25","author":"K Lim","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lim, K., Lee, J., Kim, S., Lee, S.: Fast PU skip and split termination algorithm for HEVC intra prediction. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 25(8), 1335\u20131346 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"1174_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"892","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2014.2363739","volume":"25","author":"B Min","year":"2014","unstructured":"Min, B., Cheung, R.C.: A fast CU size decision algorithm for the HEVC intra encoder. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 25(5), 892\u2013896 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"1174_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Said, A., Zhao, X., Karczewicz, M., Chen, J., Zou, F.: Position dependent prediction combination for intra-frame video coding. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 534\u2013538 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2016.7532414"},{"key":"1174_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shang, X., Wang, G., Fan, T., Li, Y.: Fast CU size decision and PU mode decision algorithm in HEVC intra coding. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 1593\u20131597 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP.2015.7351069"},{"issue":"10","key":"1174_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4232","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2014.2341927","volume":"23","author":"L Shen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shen, L., Zhang, Z., Liu, Z.: Effective CU size decision for HEVC intracoding. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 23(10), 4232\u20134241 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1174_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tahir, M., Taj, I.A., Assuncao, P.A., Asif, M.: Fast video encoding based on random forests. Springer J. Real-Time Image Process., 1\u201321 (2019)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-019-00854-1"},{"key":"1174_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, G., Jing, M., Zeng, X., Fan, Y.: Adaptive CU split decision with pooling-variable CNN for VVC intra encoding. In: IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), pp. 1\u20134 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/VCIP47243.2019.8965679"},{"key":"1174_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, N., Cao, J., Liang, F., Wang, J., Liu, H., Wang, X., Du, X.: Fast CTU partition decision algorithm for VVC intra and inter coding. In: IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), pp. 361\u2013364 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/APCCAS47518.2019.8953076"},{"key":"1174_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-020-00983-y","volume":"18","author":"KRC Varma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Varma, K.R.C., Mahapatra, S.: Complexity reduction of test zonal search for fast motion estimation in uni-prediction of high efficiency video coding. Springer J. Real-Time Image Process. 18, 511\u2013524 (2021)","journal-title":"Springer J. Real-Time Image Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"1174_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-020-01034-2","volume":"18","author":"J Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang, J., Ji, B., Wang, H., Cheng, L.: Prediction mode grouping and coding bits grouping based on texture complexity for fast hevc intra-coding. Springer J. Real-Time Image Process. 18(3), 839\u2013856 (2021)","journal-title":"Springer J. Real-Time Image Process."},{"issue":"10","key":"1174_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3083","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2018.2873910","volume":"29","author":"M Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang, M., Xie, W., Meng, X., Zeng, H., Ngan, K.N.: Uhd video coding: a light-weight learning-based fast super-block approach. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 29(10), 3083\u20133094 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"1174_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2019.2904198","volume":"30","author":"H Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang, H., Shen, L., Dong, X., Ding, Q., An, P., Jiang, G.: Low-complexity CTU partition structure decision and fast intra mode decision for versatile video coding. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 30(6), 1668\u20131682 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"1174_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2016.0535","volume":"11","author":"Z Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Shao, Q., Guo, S.: Fast coding algorithm for HEVC based on video contents. IET Image Proc. 11(6), 343\u2013351 (2017)","journal-title":"IET Image Proc."},{"issue":"5","key":"1174_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-019-00920-8","volume":"17","author":"R Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang, R., Jia, K., Liu, P., Sun, Z.: Fast intra-mode decision for depth map coding in 3d-hevc. Springer J. Real-Time Image Process. 17(5), 1637\u20131646 (2020)","journal-title":"Springer J. Real-Time Image Process."},{"issue":"11","key":"1174_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2017.2747659","volume":"28","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Pan, Z., Li, N., Wang, X., Jiang, G., Kwong, S.: Effective data driven coding unit size decision approaches for HEVC INTRA coding. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 28(11), 3208\u20133222 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"1174_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Wang, Y., Zhang, Q.: Adaptive CU split decision based on deep learning and multifeature fusion for H.266\/VVC. Sci. Program. 2020 (2020)","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8883214"},{"key":"1174_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Zhao, X., Liu, S., Li, X., Lainema, J., Rath, G., Urban, F., Racap\u00e9, F.: Wide angular intra prediction for versatile video coding. In: IEEE Data Compression Conference (DCC), pp. 53\u201362 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/DCC.2019.00013"},{"issue":"2","key":"1174_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-018-0766-z","volume":"17","author":"W Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu, W., Yi, Y., Zhang, H., Chen, P., Zhang, H.: Fast mode decision algorithm for HEVC intra coding based on texture partition and direction. J. Real-Time Image Proc. 17(2), 275\u2013292 (2020)","journal-title":"J. Real-Time Image Proc."}],"container-title":["Journal of Real-Time Image Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11554-021-01174-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11554-021-01174-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11554-021-01174-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T07:16:20Z","timestamp":1643699780000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11554-021-01174-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1174"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11554-021-01174-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-8200","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-8219","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}