{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T19:42:05Z","timestamp":1772221325888,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Real-Time Image Proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-022-01243-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T17:03:53Z","timestamp":1662656633000},"page":"1105-1121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Low-power hardware-efficient memory-based DCT processor"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"AbdolVahab","family":"Khalili Sadaghiani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Behjat","family":"Forouzandeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"1243_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1109\/T-C.1974.223784","volume":"23","author":"N Ahmed","year":"1974","unstructured":"Ahmed, N., Natarajan, T., Rio, K.R.: Discrete cosine transform. IEEE Trans. Comp. 23, 90\u201393 (1974)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comp."},{"key":"1243_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-092534-9.50007-2","volume-title":"Discrete Cosine Transform: Algorithms, Advantages, Applications","author":"KR Rao","year":"1990","unstructured":"Rao, K.R., Yip, P.: Discrete Cosine Transform: Algorithms, Advantages, Applications. Academic Press, San Diego (1990)"},{"key":"1243_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s10043-004-0069-4","volume":"12","author":"M Mitsui","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mitsui, M., Murakami, Y., Obi, T.: Color enhancement in multispectral image using the Karhunen\u2013Loeve transform. Opt. Rev. 12, 69\u201375 (2005). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10043-004-0069-4","journal-title":"Opt. Rev."},{"key":"1243_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-021-01173-0","volume":"19","author":"AP Rad\u00fcnz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rad\u00fcnz, A.P., Bayer, F.M., Cintra, R.J.: Low-complexity rounded KLT approximation for image compression. J. Real-Time Image Proc. 19, 173\u2013183 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11554-021-01173-0","journal-title":"J. Real-Time Image Proc."},{"key":"1243_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarke: Relation between the Karhunen\u2013Loeveand cosine transforms. In: IEE Proceedings F Communications, Radar and Signal Process. 259\u2013260 (1981)","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-f-1.1981.0061"},{"issue":"2","key":"1243_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-022-01057-4","volume":"25","author":"AK Sadaghiani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadaghiani, A.K., Forouzandeh, B.: Image interpolation based on 2D-DWT and HDP-HMM. Pattern Anal. Appl. 25(2), 361\u2013377 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10044-022-01057-4","journal-title":"Pattern Anal. Appl."},{"key":"1243_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219467823500390","author":"AK Sadaghiani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadaghiani, A.K., Sheikhaei, S., Forouzandeh, B.: Image interpolation based on 2D-DWT with novel regularity-preserving algorithm using RLS adaptive filters. Int. J. Image Graph. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0219467823500390","journal-title":"Int. J. Image Graph."},{"issue":"7","key":"1243_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2019.2908220","volume":"66","author":"Lu Jiaming","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiaming, Lu., Zhao, L., Chen, K., Deng, P., Li, B., Liu, S., An, Qi.: Real-time FPGA-based digital signal processing and correction for a small animal PET. IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 66(7), 1287\u20131295 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"key":"1243_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/s11045-020-00709-0","volume":"31","author":"S Kumar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kumar, S., Jha, R.K.: An FPGA-based design for a real-time image denoising using approximated fractional integrator. Multidimens. Syst. Signal Process. 31, 1317\u20131339 (2020)","journal-title":"Multidimens. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"1243_CR10","volume-title":"Discrete Cosine and Sine Transformes","author":"V Britanak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Britanak, V., Yip, P., Rao, K.R.: Discrete Cosine and Sine Transformes. Academic Press, New York (2007)"},{"key":"1243_CR11","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union recommendation, H.262, Telecommunication Section (2000)"},{"key":"1243_CR12","unstructured":"International Telecommunication Union recommendation, H.263, Telecommunication Section (2005)"},{"key":"1243_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6199-6","volume-title":"Image and Video Compression Standards","author":"V Bhaskaran","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bhaskaran, V., Konstantinides, K.: Image and Video Compression Standards. Kluwer, Norwell (1997)"},{"key":"1243_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pourazad, M. T., Doutre, C., Azimi, M., Nasiopoulos, P.: HEVC: The new gold standard for video compression: How does HEVC compare with H.264\/AVC?. IEEE Consum. Electron. Mag. 1(3), 36\u201346 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/MCE.2012.2192754"},{"key":"1243_CR15","volume-title":"Discrete Cosine Transform","author":"H Ochoa-Dominguez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ochoa-Dominguez, H., Rao, K.: Discrete Cosine Transform. CRC Press, Boca Raton (2019)"},{"issue":"5","key":"1243_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2013.2252616","volume":"20","author":"H Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang, H., Xiao, L.: CORDIC based fast Radix-2 DCT algorithm. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 20(5), 483\u2013486 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"1243_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jridi, M., Alfalou, A.: Joint optimization of low-power DCT architecture and efficient quantization technique for embedded image compression. In: International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), Brest, France (2012)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28566-0_7"},{"issue":"1","key":"1243_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7615","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-019-08325-2","volume":"79","author":"N Brahimi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brahimi, N., Bouden, T., Brahimi, T., Boubchir, L.: A novel and efficient 8-point DCT approximation for image compression. Multimed. Tools Appl. 79(1), 7615\u20137631 (2020)","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."},{"key":"1243_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira, R.S., Cintra, R.J., Bayer4, F.M., da Silveira, T.L.T.: Low-complexity 8-point DCT approximation based on angle similarity for image and video coding. Multidimens. Syst. Signal Process. 1(21), 1363\u20131394 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/s11045-018-0601-5"},{"key":"1243_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shabani, A., Sabri, M., Khabbazan, B., Timarchi, S.: Area and power-efficient variable-sized DCT architecture for HEVC using Muxed-MCM problem. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regul. Pap. 68(3), 1259\u20131268 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2020.3044248"},{"issue":"3","key":"1243_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2020.3006213","volume":"66","author":"A Singhadia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singhadia, A., Mamillapalli, M., Chakrabarti, I.: Hardware-efficient 2D-DCT\/IDCT architecture for portable HEVC-compliant devices. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 66(3), 203\u2013212 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"key":"1243_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165684","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2951408","volume":"7","author":"J Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Shi, W., Zhou, Li., Gong, R., Wang, L., Zhou, H.: A low-power and high-PSNR unified DCT\/IDCT architecture based on EARC and enhanced scale factor approximation. IEEE Access 7, 165684\u2013165691 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1243_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2019.07.008","volume":"91","author":"A Shabani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shabani, A., Timarchi, S., Mahdavi, H.: Power and area efficient CORDIC-Based DCT using direct realization of decomposed matrix. Microelectron. J. 91, 11\u201321 (2019)","journal-title":"Microelectron. J."},{"key":"1243_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chiper, D.F: A structured fast algorithm for the VLSI pipeline implementation of inverse discrete cosine transform. Circuits Syst Signal Process 40, 5351\u20135366 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00034-021-01718-5","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-021-01718-5"},{"key":"1243_CR25","unstructured":"Parhi, K.K.: VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems: Design and Implementation. Wiley, New York (1999)"},{"key":"1243_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4557","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3099623","volume":"69","author":"DFG Coelh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coelh, D.F.G., Cintra, R.J., Madanayake, A., Perera, S.M.: Low-complexity scaling methods for DCT-II approximations. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 69, 4557\u20134566 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"1243_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2017.03.003","author":"A Shabani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shabani, A., Timarchi, S.: Low-power DCT-based compressor for wireless capsule endoscopy. Signal Process. Image Commun. (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.image.2017.03.003","journal-title":"Signal Process. Image Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"1243_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2015.2483422","volume":"63","author":"M Garrido","year":"2016","unstructured":"Garrido, M., K\u00e4llstr\u00f6m, P., Kumm, M., Gustafsson, O.: CORDIC II: a new improved CORDIC algorithm. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 63(2), 186\u2013190 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"issue":"6","key":"1243_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2013.2295022","volume":"61","author":"US Potluri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Potluri, U.S., Madanayake, A., Cintra, R.J., Bayer, F.M., Kulasekera, S., Edirisuriya, A.: Improved 8-point approximate DCT for image and video compression requiring only 14 additions. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I 61(6), 1727\u20131740 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I"},{"key":"1243_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bouguezel, S., Ahmad, M.O., Swamy, M.N.S.: Binary discrete cosine and Hartley transforms. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 60(4), 989\u20131002 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2012.2224751"},{"key":"1243_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jridi, M., Alfalou, A., Meher, P.K.: A generalized algorithm and reconfigurable architecture for efficient and scalable orthogonal approximation of DCT. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.\u2014I: Regul. Pap. 62(2) 449\u2013457 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2014.2360763"},{"issue":"3","key":"1243_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1109\/76.401098","volume":"5","author":"J-H Hsiao","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hsiao, J.-H., Chen, L.-G., Chiueh, T.-D., Chen, C.-T.: High throughput CORDIC-based systolic array design for the discrete cosine transform. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 5(3), 218\u2013225 (1995)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"1243_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126621500237","volume":"30","author":"AK Sadaghiani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sadaghiani, A.K., Sheikhaei, S.: Hardware-efficient bartlett spectral density estimator based on optimized R22FFT processor using CCSSI method. J. Circuits Syst. Comput. 30(2), 1\u201320 (2021)","journal-title":"J. Circuits Syst. Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"1243_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1109\/MCAS.2021.3118175","volume":"21","author":"Bo Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, Bo., Ding, X., Cai, H., Zhu, W., Wang, Z., Liu, W., Yang, J.: Precision adaptive MFCC based on R2SDF-FFT and approximate computing for low-power speech keywords recognition. IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag. 21(4), 24\u201339 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag."},{"key":"1243_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadaghiani, A.K., Ghanbari, M.: An optimized hardware design for high speed 2DDCT processor based on modified Loeffler architecture. In: 27th Iranian Conference Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Yazd, Iran, pp. 1476\u20131480 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/IranianCEE.2019.8786608"},{"key":"1243_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-010-0174-5","volume":"7","author":"S Saponara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saponara, S.: Real-time and low-power processing of 3D direct\/inverse discrete cosine transform for low-complexity video codec. J. Real-Time Image Proc. 7, 43\u201353 (2012)","journal-title":"J. Real-Time Image Proc."},{"issue":"6","key":"1243_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cds:20060289","volume":"1","author":"C-C Sun","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sun, C.-C., Ruan, S.-J., Heyne, B., Goetze, J.: Low-power and high-quality Cordic-based Loeffler DCT for signal processing. IET Circuits Devices Syst. 1(6), 453\u2013461 (2007)","journal-title":"IET Circuits Devices Syst."},{"key":"1243_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2014.2304664","volume":"61","author":"M Garrido","year":"2014","unstructured":"Garrido, M., Qureshi, F., Gustafsson, O.: Low-complexity multiplierless constant rotators based on combined coefficient selection and shift-and-add implementation (CCSSI). IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regular Pap. 61, 2002\u20132012 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regular Pap."},{"key":"1243_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218126622200031","author":"AK Sadaghiani","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sadaghiani, A.K., Sheikhaei, S., Forouzandeh, B.: Low complexity multiplierless welch estimator based on memory-based FFT. J. Circuits Syst. Comput. (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0218126622200031","journal-title":"J. Circuits Syst. Comput."},{"key":"1243_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s11045-015-0323-x","volume":"27","author":"N Petrovsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Petrovsky, N., Stankevich, A., Petrovsky, A.: CORDIC-lifting factorization of paraunitary filter banks based on the quaternionic multipliers for lossless image coding. Multidimension. Syst. Signal Process. 27, 667\u2013695 (2016)","journal-title":"Multidimension. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"1243_CR41","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.xilinx.com\/support\/documentation\/data_sheets\/ds181_Artix_7_Data_Sheet.pdf"},{"issue":"12","key":"1243_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1109\/TASSP.1987.1165093","volume":"35","author":"A Wirendre","year":"1987","unstructured":"Wirendre, A.: Perera: architectures for multiplierless fast Fourier transform hardware implementation in VLSI. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. 35(12), 1750\u20131760 (1987)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process."},{"key":"1243_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadaghiani, A.K., Sheikhaei, S., Forouzandeh, B.: High performance image compression based on optimized EZW using hidden Markov chain and Gaussian mixture model. In: 28th Iranian Conference On Electrical Engineering (ICEE), Tabriz, Iran, pp. 1\u20135 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEE50131.2020.9260835"},{"issue":"10","key":"1243_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2011.2163394","volume":"18","author":"RJ Cintra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cintra, R.J., Bayer, F.M.: A DCT approximation for image compression. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 18(10), 579\u2013582 (2011)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"1243_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2009.2026839","volume":"19","author":"X Ji","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ji, X., Kwong, S., Zhao, D., Wang, H., Kuo, C.-C.J., Dai, Q.: Early determination of zero-quantized 8 \u00d7 8 DCT coefficients. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 19(12), 1755\u20131765 (2009)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"issue":"7","key":"1243_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2005.850432","volume":"52","author":"C Cheng","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cheng, C., Parhi, K.K.: A novel systolic array structure for DCT. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs 52(7), 366\u2013369 (2005)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs"},{"key":"1243_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wahid, K., Dimitrov, V., Jullien, G.: New encoding of 8 \u00d7 8 DCT to make H.264 lossless. In: Proc. IEEE Asia Pacific Conf. Circuits Syst., pp. 780\u2013783 (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/APCCAS.2006.342137"},{"issue":"11","key":"1243_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-017-5233-5","volume":"77","author":"S Ayas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ayas, S., Ekinci, M.: Single image super resolution based on sparse representation using discrete wavelet transform. Multimed. Tools Appl. 77(11), 1\u201314 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11042-017-5233-5","journal-title":"Multimed. Tools Appl."}],"container-title":["Journal of Real-Time Image Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11554-022-01243-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11554-022-01243-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11554-022-01243-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,26]],"date-time":"2022-10-26T13:44:31Z","timestamp":1666791871000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11554-022-01243-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1243"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11554-022-01243-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-8200","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-8219","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}