{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T14:10:07Z","timestamp":1773843007036,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Real-Time Image Proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-023-01356-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]],"date-time":"2023-09-01T06:02:15Z","timestamp":1693548135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Design and implementation of hardware-efficient architecture for saturation-based image dehazing algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Anuja","family":"George","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"E. P.","family":"Jayakumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"1356_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parihar, A. S., Gupta, Y. K., Singodia, Y., Singh, V., Singh, K.: A comparative study of image dehazing algorithms. In: 2020 5th Int. Conf. Commun. Electron. Syst. (ICCES), pp. 766\u2013771 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCES48766.2020.9138037","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCES48766.2020.9138037"},{"key":"1356_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4799","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-022-09755-2","volume":"29","author":"SC Agrawal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Agrawal, S.C., Jalal, A.S.: A comprehensive review on analysis and implementation of recent image dehazing methods. Arch. Comput. Methods Eng. 29, 4799\u20134850 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11831-022-09755-2","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Methods Eng."},{"key":"1356_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2022.3173443","volume":"6","author":"G Sahu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sahu, G., Seal, A., Bhattacharjee, D., Nasipuri, M., Brida, P., Krejcar, O.: Trends and prospects of techniques for Haze removal from degraded images: a survey. IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. Intell. 6, 762\u2013782 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TETCI.2022.3173443","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. Intell."},{"key":"1356_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, R.T.: Visibility in bad weather from a single image. In: Proc. IEEE Comput. Vis. Pattern Recognit., pp. 1\u20138 (2008)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2008.4587643"},{"issue":"12","key":"1356_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.168","volume":"33","author":"K He","year":"2011","unstructured":"He, K., Sun, J., Tang, X.: Single image haze removal using dark channel prior. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 33(12), 2341\u20132353 (2011). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPAMI.2010.168","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"1356_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, H., Wang, J.: Color image contrast enhancement by co-occurrence histogram equalization and dark channel prior. In: Proc. 3rd Int. Cong. Image Signal Process. (CISP), Yantai, pp. 659\u2013663 (2010)","DOI":"10.1109\/CISP.2010.5647226"},{"key":"1356_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tripathi, A. K., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Single image fog removal using bilateral filter. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Signal Process. Comput. Control (ISPCC), pp. 1\u20136 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPCC.2012.6224342"},{"issue":"6","key":"1356_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2012.213","volume":"35","author":"K He","year":"2013","unstructured":"He, K., Sun, J., Tang, X.: Guided image filtering. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 35(6), 1397\u20131409 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"1356_CR9","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"S Lee","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lee, S., Yun, S., Nam, J.H., Won, C.S., Jung, S.W.: A review on dark channel prior based image dehazing algorithms. EURASIP J. Image Video Process. 1, 1\u201323 (2016)","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Image Video Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"1356_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2013.02.004","volume":"24","author":"JH Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim, J.H., Jang, W.D., Sim, J.Y., Kim, C.S.: Optimized contrast enhancement for real-time image and video dehazing. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 24(3), 410\u2013425 (2013)","journal-title":"Vis. Commun. Image Represent."},{"key":"1356_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Meng, G., Wang, Y., Duan, J., Xiang, S., Pan, C.: Efficient image dehazing with boundary constraint and contextual regularization. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vision, pp. 617\u2013624 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCV.2013.82","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2013.82"},{"issue":"11","key":"1356_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2015.2446191","volume":"24","author":"Q Zhu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zhu, Q., Mai, J., Shao, L.: A fast single image haze removal algorithm using color attenuation prior. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 24(11), 3522\u20133533 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1356_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qiu, Y., Wu, S.: Contrast-based stereoscopic images dehazing. In: 2015 IEEE 10th Conf. Ind. Electron. Appl. (ICIEA), pp. 597\u2013602 (2015). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICIEA.2015.7334181","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIEA.2015.7334181"},{"issue":"3","key":"1356_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2882478","volume":"42","author":"D Berman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berman, D., Treibitz, T., Avidan, S.: Single image dehazing using hazelines. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 42(3), 720\u2013734 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TPAMI.2018.2882478","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"1356_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-ipr.2016.0819","volume":"12","author":"K Kim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kim, K., Kim, S., Kim, K.S.: Effective image enhancement techniques for fog-affected indoor and outdoor images. IET Image Process. 12(4), 465\u2013471 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1049\/iet-ipr.2016.0819","journal-title":"IET Image Process."},{"key":"1356_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10003","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2806378","volume":"6","author":"Y Park","year":"2018","unstructured":"Park, Y., Kim, T.H.: Fast execution schemes for dark-channel-prior-based outdoor video dehazing. IEEE Access 6, 10003\u201310014 (2018). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2806378","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1356_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-017-0698-z","volume":"16","author":"VH Diaz-Ramirez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Diaz-Ramirez, V.H., Hern\u00e1ndez-Beltr\u00e1n, J.E., Juarez-Salazar, R.: Real-time haze removal in monocular images using locally adaptive processing. J. Real-Time Image Process. 16, 1959\u20131973 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11554-017-0698-z","journal-title":"J. Real-Time Image Process."},{"issue":"5","key":"1356_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-019-00933-3","volume":"17","author":"J Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu, J., Dong, C.: Dsp-based image real-time dehazing optimization for improved dark-channel prior algorithm. J. Real-Time Image Process. 17(5), 1675\u20131684 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11554-019-00933-3","journal-title":"J. Real-Time Image Process."},{"issue":"14","key":"1356_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2233","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12142233","volume":"12","author":"D Ngo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ngo, D., Lee, S., Kang, B.: Robust single-image haze removal using optimal transmission map and adaptive atmospheric light. Remote Sens. 12(14), 2233 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/rs12142233","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"1356_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2948279","volume":"29","author":"SE Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim, S.E., Park, T.H., Eom, I.K.: Fast single image dehazing using saturation based transmission map estimation. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 29, 1985\u20131998 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1356_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvcir.2020.103008","volume":"74","author":"G Sahu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sahu, G., Seal, A., Krejcar, O., Yazidi, A.: Single image dehazing using a new color channel. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 74, 103008 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jvcir.2020.103008","journal-title":"J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent."},{"key":"1356_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48131","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3068446","volume":"9","author":"A Kumari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumari, A., Sahoo, S.K., Chinnaiah, M.C.: Fast and efficient visibility restoration technique for single image dehazing and defogging. IEEE Access 9, 48131\u201348146 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3068446","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1356_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104547","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3099224","volume":"9","author":"WY Hsu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hsu, W.Y., Chen, Y.S.: Single image dehazing using wavelet-based haze-lines and denoising. IEEE Access 9, 104547\u2013104559 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3099224","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"8","key":"1356_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2013.2243650","volume":"23","author":"YH Shiau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shiau, Y.H., Yang, H.Y., Chen, P.Y., Chuang, Y.Z.: Hardware implementation of a fast and efficient haze removal method. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 23(8), 1369\u20131374 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"1356_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2016.2622404","volume":"25","author":"B Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang, B., Zhao, J.: Hardware implementation for real-time haze removal. IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst. 25(3), 1188\u20131192 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Very Large Scale Integr. (VLSI) Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"1356_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2017.2777140","volume":"29","author":"YH Shiau","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shiau, Y.H., Kuo, Y.T., Chen, P.Y., Hsu, F.Y.: VLSI design of an efficient flicker-free video defogging method for real-time applications. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 29(1), 238\u2013251 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSVT.2017.2777140","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"1356_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173977","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2953959","volume":"7","author":"YT Kuo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kuo, Y.T., Chen, W.T., Chen, P.Y., Li, C.H.: VLSI implementation for an adaptive haze removal method. IEEE Access 7, 173977\u2013173988 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2953959","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"10","key":"1356_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6536","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.2993906","volume":"22","author":"R Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar, R., Balasubramanian, R., Kaushik, B.K.: Efficient method and architecture for real-time video defogging. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 22(10), 6536\u20136546 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2020.2993906","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"11","key":"1356_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5187","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2016.2598681","volume":"25","author":"B Cai","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cai, B., Xu, X., Jia, K., Qing, C., Tao, D.: Dehazenet: an end-to-end system for single image haze removal. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 25(11), 5187\u20135198 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIP.2016.2598681","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1356_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, G., Zhao, L., Jiang, R., Zhang, X.: Single image dehazing via lightweight multi-scale networks. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Big Data (Big Data), pp. 154\u2013169 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/BigData47090.2019.9006075"},{"key":"1356_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, B., Peng, X., Wang, Z., Xu, J., Feng, D.: Aod-net: all-in-one dehazing network. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Computer Vision, pp. 4770\u20134778 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2017.511"},{"key":"1356_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-021-01143-6","volume":"18","author":"G Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, G., Evans, A.N.: Improved single image dehazing methods for resource-constrained platforms. J. Real-Time Image Process. 18, 2511\u20132525 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11554-021-01143-6","journal-title":"J. Real-Time Image Process."},{"key":"1356_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-023-01270-2","volume":"20","author":"CY Jeong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jeong, C.Y., Moon, K., Kim, M.: An end-to-end deep learning approach for real-time single image dehazing. J Real-Time Image Process. 20, 12 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11554-023-01270-2","journal-title":"J Real-Time Image Process."},{"key":"1356_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2022.109109","volume":"125","author":"M Karnati","year":"2022","unstructured":"Karnati, M., Seal, A., Sahu, G., Yazidi, A., Krejcar, O.: A novel multi-scale based deep convolutional neural network for detecting COVID-19 from X-rays. Appl. Soft Comput. 125, 109109 (2022)","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"1356_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3027","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2022.3225797","volume":"24","author":"G Sahu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sahu, G., Seal, A., Bhattacharjee, D., Frischer, R., Krejcar, O.: A novel parameter adaptive dual channel MSPCNN based single image dehazing for intelligent transportation systems. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 24(3), 3027\u20133047 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"7","key":"1356_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2018.2862906","volume":"29","author":"YH Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee, Y.H., Wu, B.H.: Algorithm and architecture design of a hardware-efficient image dehazing engine. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 29(7), 2146\u20132161 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"1356_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ancuti, C.O., Ancuti, C., Timofte, R., De Vleeschouwer, C.: O-HAZE: a dehazing benchmark with real hazy and haze-free outdoor images. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition workshops, pp. 754\u2013762 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW.2018.00119"},{"key":"1356_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ancuti, C.O., Ancuti, C., Timofte, R., De Vleeschouwer, C.: I-HAZE: a dehazing benchmark with real hazy and haze-free indoor images. In: Proceedings International Conference Advance Concepts Intelligent Visual System. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2018, pp. 620-631 (2018).","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01449-0_52"},{"issue":"1","key":"1356_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2018.2867951","volume":"28","author":"B Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, B., Ren, W., Fu, D., Tao, D., Feng, D., Zeng, W., Wang, Z.: Benchmarking single-image dehazing and beyond. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 28(1), 492\u2013505 (2019)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1356_CR40","unstructured":"Choi, L.K., You, J., Bovik, A.C.: LIVE Image Defogging Database, Online (2015). http:\/\/live.ece.utexas.edu\/research\/fog\/fade_defade.html"},{"issue":"1","key":"1356_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/col.20070","volume":"30","author":"G Sharma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sharma, G., Wu, W., Dalal, E.N.: The CIEDE2000 color-difference formula: implementation notes, supplementary test data, and mathematical observations. Color. Res. Appl. 30(1), 21\u201330 (2005)","journal-title":"Color. Res. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"1356_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2012.2227726","volume":"20","author":"A Mittal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mittal, A., Soundararajan, R., Bovik, A.C.: Making a \u201ccompletely blind\u2019\u2019 image quality analyzer. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 20(3), 209\u2013212 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."}],"container-title":["Journal of Real-Time Image Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11554-023-01356-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11554-023-01356-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11554-023-01356-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T15:18:37Z","timestamp":1695223117000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11554-023-01356-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11554-023-01356-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-8200","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-8219","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 August 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"102"}}