{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T18:41:25Z","timestamp":1775068885411,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Real-Time Image Proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-024-01564-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]],"date-time":"2024-10-14T16:05:28Z","timestamp":1728921928000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Multi-feature fusion for efficient inter prediction in versatile video coding"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Xiaojie","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hongji","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Weiling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1564_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2019.2938670","volume":"29","author":"T Amestoy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amestoy, T., Mercat, A., Hamidouche, W., Menard, D., Bergeron, C.: Tunable VVC frame partitioning based on lightweight machine learning. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 29, 1313\u20131328 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIP.2019.2938670","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1564_CR2","unstructured":"Bjontegaard, G.: Calculation of average psnr differences between rd-curves. ITU SG16 Doc. VCEG-M33 (2001)"},{"key":"1564_CR3","unstructured":"Bossen, F., Li, X., Suehring, K.: AHG report: Test model software development (AHG3) (2021)"},{"key":"1564_CR4","unstructured":"Boyce, J., Suehring, K., Li, X., Seregin, V.: Jvet-j1010: Jvet common test conditions and software reference configurations (2018)"},{"issue":"9","key":"1564_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2020.3043399","volume":"109","author":"B Bross","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bross, B., Chen, J., Ohm, J.R., Sullivan, G.J., Wang, Y.K.: Developments in international video coding standardization after avc, with an overview of versatile video coding (VVC). Proc. IEEE 109(9), 1463\u20131493 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JPROC.2020.3043399","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"key":"1564_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ciou, Y.S., Chen, M.J., Yeh, C.H., Lu, C.R., Hsieh, M.C., Lo, C.: Fast multi-type tree partition for H.266\/VVC inter coding. In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan, pp. 471\u2013472 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCE-Taiwan55306.2022.9869026","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE-Taiwan55306.2022.9869026"},{"key":"1564_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cui, J., Zhang, T., Gu, C., Zhang, X., Ma, S.: Gradient-based early termination of CU partition in VVC intra coding. In: 2020 Data Compression Conference (DCC), pp. 103\u2013112 (2020). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/DCC47342.2020.00018","DOI":"10.1109\/DCC47342.2020.00018"},{"key":"1564_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2023.3266165","volume":"32","author":"A Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng, A., Liu, K., Liu, D., Li, L., Wu, F.: Partition map prediction for fast block partitioning in VVC intra-frame coding. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 32, 2237\u20132251 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIP.2023.3266165","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1564_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"HoangVan, X., NguyenQuang, S., DinhBao, M., DoNgoc, M., Trieu\u00a0Duong, D.: Fast qtmt for h.266\/vvc intra prediction using early-terminated hierarchical CNN model. In: 2021 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC), pp. 195\u2013200 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ATC52653.2021.9598222","DOI":"10.1109\/ATC52653.2021.9598222"},{"key":"1564_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, Z., Xu, D.: Complexity-guided slimmable decoder for efficient deep video compression. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 14358\u201314367 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.01380"},{"issue":"1","key":"1564_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2022.3187813","volume":"69","author":"Y Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Xu, J., Zhu, C., Song, L., Zhang, W.: Precise encoding complexity control for versatile video coding. IEEE Trans Broadcasting 69(1), 1\u201316 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBC.2022.3187813","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Broadcasting"},{"key":"1564_CR12","unstructured":"Kingma, D.P.: Adam: A method for stochastic optimization (2014). arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6980"},{"key":"1564_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, J., Zhang, S., Yang, F.: Random forest accelerated CU partition for inter prediction in h.266\/VVC. In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), pp. 01\u201306 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICME52920.2022.9859664","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME52920.2022.9859664"},{"key":"1564_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5377","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2021.3083447","volume":"30","author":"T Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, T., Xu, M., Tang, R., Chen, Y., Xing, Q.: Deepqtmt: A deep learning approach for fast qtmt-based CU partition of intra-mode VVC. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 30, 5377\u20135390 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIP.2021.3083447","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"1564_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2021.3073556","volume":"67","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li, Y., Yang, G., Song, Y., Zhang, H., Ding, X., Zhang, D.: Early intra CU size decision for versatile video coding based on a tunable decision model. IEEE Trans. Broadcasting 67(3), 710\u2013720 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TBC.2021.3073556","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Broadcasting"},{"key":"1564_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li, Y., Zhang, L., Xu, J.: Convolutional neural network-based split prediction for VVC intra speedup. In: 2021 Data Compression Conference (DCC), pp. 350\u2013350 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/DCC50243.2021.00063","DOI":"10.1109\/DCC50243.2021.00063"},{"key":"1564_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin, H., Chen, B., Zhang, Z., Lin, J., Wang, X., Zhao, T.: Deepsvc: Deep scalable video coding for both machine and human vision. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 9205\u20139214 (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3581783.3612500"},{"key":"1564_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2022.3227748","volume":"29","author":"J Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin, J., Lin, H., Zhang, Z., Xu, Y., Zhao, T.: Ssim-variation-based complexity optimization for versatile video coding. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 29, 2617\u20132621 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LSP.2022.3227748","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"1564_CR19","unstructured":"Liu, C., et\u00a0al.: Beyond pixels: exploring new representations and applications for motion analysis. Ph.D. thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2009)"},{"key":"1564_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Z., Herranz, L., Yang, F., Zhang, S., Wan, S., Mrak, M., Blanch, M.G.: Slimmable video codec. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1743\u20131747 (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW56347.2022.00183"},{"key":"1564_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Misra, K., Ji, T., Segall, A., Bossen, F.: Video feature compression for machine tasks. In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), pp. 1\u20136 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICME52920.2022.9859894","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME52920.2022.9859894"},{"key":"1564_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2021.3086692","volume":"28","author":"Z Pan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pan, Z., Zhang, P., Peng, B., Ling, N., Lei, J.: A CNN-based fast inter coding method for VVC. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 28, 1260\u20131264 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LSP.2021.3086692","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"1564_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158075","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2950388","volume":"7","author":"SH Park","year":"2019","unstructured":"Park, S.H., Kang, J.W.: Fast affine motion estimation for versatile video coding (VVC) encoding. IEEE Access 7, 158075\u2013158084 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2950388","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1564_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4388","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.3042062","volume":"23","author":"SH Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park, S.H., Kang, J.W.: Fast multi-type tree partitioning for versatile video coding using a lightweight neural network. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 23, 4388\u20134399 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimedia"},{"key":"1564_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qing, A., Zhou, W., Wei, H., Zhou, X., Zhang, G., Yang, J.: A fast CU partitioning algorithm in hevc inter prediction for hd\/uhd video. In: 2016 Asia-Pacific Signal and Information Processing Association Annual Summit and Conference (APSIPA), pp. 1\u20135 (2016). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/APSIPA.2016.7820718","DOI":"10.1109\/APSIPA.2016.7820718"},{"key":"1564_CR26","unstructured":"Reddi, S., Kale, S., Kumar, S.: On the convergence of adam and beyond. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2018)"},{"key":"1564_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rippel, O., Anderson, A.G., Tatwawadi, K., Nair, S., Lytle, C., Bourdev, L.: Elf-vc: Efficient learned flexible-rate video coding. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 14479\u201314488 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01421"},{"key":"1564_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shen, L., Yang, H., Wang, S.: Effective qtmt partition decision algorithm for vvc intercoding. In: 2022 IEEE 24th International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), pp. 1\u20136 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MMSP55362.2022.9949302","DOI":"10.1109\/MMSP55362.2022.9949302"},{"key":"1564_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119766","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3327519","volume":"11","author":"L Si","year":"2023","unstructured":"Si, L., Zhu, W., Zhang, Q.: Fast adaptive CU partition decision algorithm for VVC intra coding. IEEE Access 11, 119766\u2013119778 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3327519","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1564_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sidaty, N., Hamidouche, W., D\u00e9forges, O., Philippe, P., Fournier, J.: Compression performance of the versatile video coding: Hd and uhd visual quality monitoring. In: 2019 Picture Coding Symposium (PCS), pp. 1\u20135 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/PCS48520.2019.8954562","DOI":"10.1109\/PCS48520.2019.8954562"},{"issue":"6","key":"1564_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/79.733497","volume":"15","author":"G Sullivan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sullivan, G., Wiegand, T.: Rate-distortion optimization for video compression. IEEE Signal Process Mag 15(6), 74\u201390 (1998). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/79.733497","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Mag"},{"key":"1564_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tang, N., Cao, J., Liang, F., Wang, J., Liu, H., Wang, X., Du, X.: Fast ctu partition decision algorithm for VVC intra and inter coding. In: 2019 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS), pp. 361\u2013364 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/APCCAS47518.2019.8953076","DOI":"10.1109\/APCCAS47518.2019.8953076"},{"key":"1564_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tao, L., Gao, W., Li, G., Zhang, C.: Adanic: Towards practical neural image compression via dynamic transform routing. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 16879\u201316888 (2023)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.01548"},{"key":"1564_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tissier, A., Hamidouche, W., Vanne, J., Menard, D.: Machine learning based efficient qt-mtt partitioning for VVC inter coding. In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 1401\u20131405 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICIP46576.2022.9898052","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIP46576.2022.9898052"},{"key":"1564_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tissier, A., Mercat, A., Amestoy, T., Hamidouche, W., Vanne, J., Menard, D.: Complexity reduction opportunities in the future vvc intra encoder. In: 2019 IEEE 21st International Workshop on Multimedia Signal Processing (MMSP), pp. 1\u20136 (2019). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MMSP.2019.8901754","DOI":"10.1109\/MMSP.2019.8901754"},{"issue":"8","key":"1564_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5638","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2022.3146061","volume":"32","author":"S Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, S., Shi, J., Chen, Z.: HG-FCN: Hierarchical grid fully convolutional network for fast VVC intra coding. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 32(8), 5638\u20135649 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSVT.2022.3146061","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol"},{"key":"1564_CR37","unstructured":"Xiph, O., Xiph: Org video test media. (2017) https:\/\/media.xiph.org\/video\/derf"},{"key":"1564_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.33851\/JMIS.2021.8.3.147","volume":"8","author":"WH Yeo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yeo, W.H., Kim, B.G.: CNN-based fast split mode decision algorithm for versatile video coding (VVC) inter prediction. J Multimedia Inform. Sys. 8, 147\u2013158 (2021)","journal-title":"J Multimedia Inform. Sys."},{"key":"1564_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Zhang, R., Jing, X.: A fast multi-type-tree split decision algorithm of intra coding unit in VVC. In: 2022 IEEE International Symposium on Broadband Multimedia Systems and Broadcasting (BMSB), pp. 1\u20135 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BMSB55706.2022.9828663","DOI":"10.1109\/BMSB55706.2022.9828663"},{"key":"1564_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Chen, B., Lin, H., Lin, J., Wang, X., Zhao, T.: Elfic: A learning-based flexible image codec with rate-distortion-complexity optimization. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp. 9252\u20139261 (2023)","DOI":"10.1145\/3581783.3612540"},{"key":"1564_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Wang, M., Ma, M., Li, J., Fan, X.: Msfc: Deep feature compression in multi-task network. In: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME), pp. 1\u20136 (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICME51207.2021.9428258","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME51207.2021.9428258"},{"key":"1564_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100337","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3208135","volume":"10","author":"J Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, J., Wu, A., Jiang, B., Zhang, Q.: Resnet-based fast CU partition decision algorithm for vvc. IEEE Access 10, 100337\u2013100347 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3208135","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1564_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6411","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2022.3208516","volume":"25","author":"T Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, T., Huang, Y., Feng, W., Xu, Y., Kwong, S.: Efficient VVC intra prediction based on deep feature fusion and probability estimation. IEEE Trans. Multimedia 25, 6411\u20136421 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMM.2022.3208516","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimedia"}],"container-title":["Journal of Real-Time Image Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11554-024-01564-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11554-024-01564-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11554-024-01564-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T13:16:07Z","timestamp":1732799767000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11554-024-01564-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1564"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11554-024-01564-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-8200","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-8219","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 July 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"186"}}