{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T05:20:56Z","timestamp":1770614456914,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["62273254"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62273254"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Real-Time Image Proc"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11554-025-01813-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T13:26:41Z","timestamp":1764336401000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["LiteGhost-YOLO: scale-aware lightweight traffic sign recognition in complex environments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Fengdong","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yongpan","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhanshan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jiao","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jinli","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1813_CR1","unstructured":"Wang, X., Huo, J., Qin, D., Liu, Q.: Evaluation of traffic signs and markings considering human drivers and automated vehicles. J. Traffic Transp. Eng. (Engl. Ed.) 11(5), 1\u201343 (2024)"},{"key":"1813_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Bin, H.: CasDyF-Net: image dehazing via cascaded dynamic filters. arXiv:abs\/2409.08510 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICVISP64524.2024.10959384"},{"issue":"11","key":"1813_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17841","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3439699","volume":"25","author":"F An","year":"2024","unstructured":"An, F., Wang, J., Liu, R.: Road traffic sign recognition algorithm based on cascade attention-modulation fusion mechanism. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 25(11), 17841\u201317851 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2024.3439699","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"1813_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121836","volume":"238","author":"S Saxena","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saxena, S., Dey, S., Shah, M., Gupta, S.: Traffic sign detection in unconstrained environment using improved YOLOv4. Expert Syst. Appl. 238, 121836 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121836","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"1813_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.32604\/cmes.2024.054735","volume":"141","author":"C Gheorghe","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gheorghe, C., Duguleana, M., Boboc, R.G., Postelnicu, C.C.: Analyzing real-time object detection with yolo algorithm in automotive applications: a review. CMES Comput. Model. Eng. Sci. 141(3), 1939\u20131981 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32604\/cmes.2024.054735","journal-title":"CMES Comput. Model. Eng. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"1813_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1089.2023.19305","volume":"35","author":"X Xinjian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xinjian, X., Jiana, Y., Bingqiang, H., Song, Y., Xiaoli, W.: Traffic sign detection and recognition under complicated illumination. J. Comput. Aided Des. Comput. Graph. 35(2), 293\u2013302 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3724\/SP.J.1089.2023.19305","journal-title":"J. Comput. Aided Des. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"1813_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-024-10956-3","volume":"57","author":"Y Ma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ma, Y., Yin, J., Huang, F., Li, Q.: Surface defect inspection of industrial products with object detection deep networks: a systematic review. Artif. Intell. Rev. 57, 333 (2024)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"1813_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24185944","author":"W Weihua","year":"2024","unstructured":"Weihua, W., Jiugong, C., Gangsheng, H., Xiushan, S., Gong, Q.: Application of object detection algorithms in non-destructive testing of pressure equipment: a review. Sensors (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24185944","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"1813_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24144752","author":"L Junxiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Junxiang, L., Mingxia, L., Li, W.: Constrained flooding based on time series prediction and lightweight GBN in BLE Mesh. Sensors (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s24144752","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"2","key":"1813_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3020556","volume":"23","author":"W Zhengshuai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhengshuai, W., Jianqiang, W., Yali, L., Shengjin, W.: Traffic sign recognition with lightweight two-stage model in complex scenes. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 23(2), 1121\u20131131 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2020.3020556","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"1813_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1089.2022.18745","volume":"34","author":"P Jiyao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiyao, P., Ziyang, L., Chuanxu, F., Fang, F., Zhongwen, L., Yuanyuan, L., Jie, Q.: Scale-aware bilateral feature pyramid networks for traffic sign detection. J. Comput. Aided Des. Comput. Graph. 34(1), 133\u2013141 (2022). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3724\/SP.J.1089.2022.18745","journal-title":"J. Comput. Aided Des. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"1813_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115998","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3326000","volume":"11","author":"Y Jie","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jie, Y., Ting, S., Wenchao, Z., Zonghao, L.: A lightweight traffic sign recognition model based on improved YOLOv5. IEEE Access 11, 115998\u2013116010 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3326000","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1813_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math12101539","author":"C Baoxiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Baoxiang, C., Xinwei, F.: MSGC-YOLO: an improved lightweight traffic sign detection model under snow conditions. Mathematics (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/math12101539","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"issue":"9","key":"1813_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.3724\/SP.J.1089.2023.19673","volume":"35","author":"W Kun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kun, W., Wu, W., Juhong, T., Xi, W., Ying, F.: Anchor-free object detection method in remote sensing image via adaptive multi-scale feature fusion. J. Comput. Aided Des. Comput. Graph. 35(9), 1405\u20131416 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3724\/SP.J.1089.2023.19673","journal-title":"J. Comput. Aided Des. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"1813_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, M.: Normalization attention and lightweight convolution-based network for traffic sign detection. In: 4th International Conference on Telecommunications, Optics and Computer Science (TOCS 2023) (2024). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:269640615","DOI":"10.1117\/12.3026568"},{"key":"1813_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2024.3354108","volume":"33","author":"C Zixuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zixuan, C., Zewei, H., Zhe-Ming, L.: DEA-Net: single image dehazing based on detail-enhanced convolution and content-guided attention. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 33, 1002\u20131015 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TIP.2024.3354108","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"1813_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1609","DOI":"10.1109\/TETCI.2024.3353610","volume":"8","author":"S Siuly","year":"2024","unstructured":"Siuly, S., Al\u00e7in, O.F., Wang, H., Li, Y., Wen, P.: Exploring rhythms and channels-based EEG biomarkers for early detection of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. Intell. 8(2), 1609\u20131623 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TETCI.2024.3353610","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"1813_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7551","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2024.3446793","volume":"70","author":"AM Alvi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alvi, A.M., Khan, M.J., Manami, N.T., Miazi, Z.A., Wang, K., Siuly, S., Wang, H.: XCR-Net: a computer aided framework to detect COVID-19. IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron. 70(4), 7551\u20137561 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCE.2024.3446793","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron."},{"issue":"2","key":"1813_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-023-01261-7","volume":"10","author":"G Yu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yu, G., Cai, R., Luo, Y., Hou, M., Deng, R.: A-pruning: a lightweight pineapple flower counting network based on filter pruning. Complex Intell. Syst. 10(2), 2047\u20132066 (2024)","journal-title":"Complex Intell. Syst."},{"key":"1813_CR20","unstructured":"Lee, J., Park, S., Mo, S., Ahn, S., Shin, J.: Layer-adaptive sparsity for the magnitude-based pruning. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (2020). https:\/\/api.semanticscholar.org\/CorpusID:234358843"},{"key":"1813_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-019-01198-w","volume":"128","author":"Y Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu, Y., He, K.: Group normalization. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 128, 742\u2013755 (2018)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"1813_CR22","first-page":"23","volume":"12","author":"Z Jianming","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jianming, Z., Xin, Z., Li-Dan, K., Jin, W., Simon, S.R., Xioafeng, Y.: CCTSDB 2021: a more comprehensive traffic sign detection benchmark. Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci. 12, 23 (2022)","journal-title":"Hum. Cent. Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"1813_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Houben, S., Stallkamp, J., Salmen, J., Schlipsing, M., Igel, C.: Detection of traffic signs in real-world images: the German traffic sign detection benchmark. In: The 2013 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), pp. 1\u20138 (2013). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IJCNN.2013.6706807","DOI":"10.1109\/IJCNN.2013.6706807"},{"key":"1813_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-014-0733-5","volume":"111","author":"M Everingham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Everingham, M., Eslami, S.M.A., Gool, L.V., Williams, C.K.I., Winn, J.M., Zisserman, A.: The pascal visual object classes challenge: a retrospective. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 111, 98\u2013136 (2014)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"1813_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xu, M., Xiyang, D., Yue, B., Yizhou, W., Yun, F.: Rewrite the stars. In: 2024 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 5694\u20135703 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00544","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00544"},{"key":"1813_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kai, H., Yunhe, W., Jianyuan, G., Enhua, W.: ParameterNet: parameters are all you need for large-scale visual pretraining of mobile networks. In: 2024 IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 15751\u201315761 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01491","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01491"},{"key":"1813_CR27","unstructured":"Li, D., Li, L., Chen, Z., Li, J.: Shift-convnets: small convolutional kernel with large kernel effects. arXiv:abs\/2401.12736 (2024)"},{"key":"1813_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zongxuan, C.: Real-time automatic detection of motorcycle helmet based on improved YOLOv8 algorithm. In: 2024 6th International Conference on Communications, Information System and Computer Engineering (CISCE), pp. 1239\u20131243 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/CISCE62493.2024.10652610","DOI":"10.1109\/CISCE62493.2024.10652610"},{"key":"1813_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Xuyang, W., Xuerui, L., Lijun, L.: ESW-YOLO: a lightweight yolo model for defect detection in bottled liquor.\u00a0Preprint at\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5369988\/v1 (2024)","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-5369988\/v1"},{"key":"1813_CR30","unstructured":"Li, H., Kadav, A., Durdanovic, I., Samet, H., Graf, H.P.: Pruning filters for efficient convnets. arXiv:abs\/1608.08710 (2016)"},{"key":"1813_CR31","unstructured":"Liu, S., Chen, T., Chen, X., Shen, L., Mocanu, D.C., Wang, Z., Pechenizkiy, M.: The unreasonable effectiveness of random pruning: return of the most naive baseline for sparse training. arXiv:abs\/2202.02643 (2022)"},{"issue":"7","key":"1813_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7033","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2025.3539471","volume":"35","author":"L Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen, L., Liu, W., Wang, H., Jeon, S.-W., Jiang, Y., Zheng, Z.: Consistency-guided adaptive alternating training for semi-supervised salient object detection. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 35(7), 7033\u20137046 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TCSVT.2025.3539471","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"1813_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2025.3557619","volume":"27","author":"R Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li, R., Zhang, D., Wang, Y., Jiang, Y., Zheng, Z., Jeon, S.-W., Wang, H.: Open-vocabulary multi-object tracking with domain generalized and temporally adaptive features. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 27, 3009\u20133022 (2025). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TMM.2025.3557619","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."}],"container-title":["Journal of Real-Time Image Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11554-025-01813-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11554-025-01813-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11554-025-01813-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T16:48:41Z","timestamp":1770396521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11554-025-01813-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1813"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11554-025-01813-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1861-8200","1861-8219"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1861-8200","type":"print"},{"value":"1861-8219","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"19"}}