{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T15:22:05Z","timestamp":1778167325173,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]],"date-time":"2013-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360713600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adv Data Anal Classif"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11634-013-0123-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]],"date-time":"2013-02-12T14:52:16Z","timestamp":1360680736000},"page":"41-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cohen\u2019s weighted kappa with additive weights"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Matthijs J.","family":"Warrens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"123_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3109\/02699059309034957","volume":"7","author":"SI Anderson","year":"1993","unstructured":"Anderson SI, Housley AM, Jones PA, Slattery J, Miller JD (1993) Glasgow outcome scale: an inter-rater reliability study. Brain Inj 7:309\u2013317","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"123_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berry KJ, Johnston JE, Mielke PW (2008) Weighted kappa for multiple raters. Percept Mot Skill 107: 837\u2013848","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.107.3.837-848"},{"key":"123_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199603000-00016","volume":"7","author":"H Brenner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brenner H, Kliebsch U (1996) Dependence of weighted kappa coefficients on the number of categories. Epidemiology 7:199\u2013202","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"123_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.129.5.452","volume":"129","author":"DV Cicchetti","year":"1976","unstructured":"Cicchetti DV (1976) Assessing inter-rater reliability for rating scales: resolving some basic issues. Bri J Psychiatry 129:452\u2013456","journal-title":"Bri J Psychiatry"},{"key":"123_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/00029238.1971.11080840","volume":"11","author":"D Cicchetti","year":"1971","unstructured":"Cicchetti D, Allison T (1971) A new procedure for assessing reliability of scoring EEG sleep recordings. Am J EEG Technol 11:101\u2013109","journal-title":"Am J EEG Technol"},{"key":"123_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/001316446002000104","volume":"20","author":"J Cohen","year":"1960","unstructured":"Cohen J (1960) A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales. Educat Psychol Measur 20:37\u201346","journal-title":"Educat Psychol Measur"},{"key":"123_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026256","volume":"70","author":"J Cohen","year":"1968","unstructured":"Cohen J (1968) Weighted kappa: nominal scale agreement with provision for scaled disagreement or partial credit. Psychol Bull 70:213\u2013220","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"123_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447303300309","volume":"33","author":"JL Fleiss","year":"1973","unstructured":"Fleiss JL, Cohen J (1973) The equivalence of weighted kappa and the intraclass correlation coefficient as measures of reliability. Edu Psychol Measur 33:613\u2013619","journal-title":"Edu Psychol Measur"},{"key":"123_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1037\/h0028106","volume":"72","author":"JL Fleiss","year":"1969","unstructured":"Fleiss JL, Cohen J, Everitt BS (1969) Large sample standard errors of kappa and weighted kappa. Psychol Bull 72:323\u2013327","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"123_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(93)90173-X","volume":"46","author":"P Graham","year":"1993","unstructured":"Graham P, Jackson R (1993) The analysis of ordinal agreement data: beyond weighted kappa. J Clin Epidemiol 46:1055\u20131062","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"123_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328031US0203_03","volume":"2","author":"LM Hsu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hsu LM, Field R (2003) Interrater agreement measures: comments on $$\\kappa _{n}$$ , Cohen\u2019s kappa, Scott\u2019s $$\\pi $$ and Aickin\u2019s $$\\alpha $$ . Underst Stat 2:205\u2013219","journal-title":"Underst Stat"},{"key":"123_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6712.2005.00368.x","volume":"19","author":"U Jakobsson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jakobsson U, Westergren A (2005) Statistical methods for assessing agreement for ordinal data. Scand J Caring Sci 19:427\u2013431","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"key":"123_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1180","volume":"21","author":"HC Kraemer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kraemer HC, Periyakoil VS, Noda A (2002) Kappa coefficients in medical research. Stat Med 21:2109\u20132129","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"123_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2282011860","volume":"288","author":"HL Kundel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kundel HL, Polansky M (2003) Measurement of observer agreement. Radiology 288:303\u2013308","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"123_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:159\u2013174","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"123_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/126.2.161","volume":"126","author":"M Maclure","year":"1987","unstructured":"Maclure M, Willett WC (1987) Misinterpretation and misuse of the kappa statistic. J Epidemiol 126:161\u2013169","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"123_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stamet.2009.03.002","volume":"6","author":"PW Mielke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mielke PW, Berry KJ (2009) A note on Cohen\u2019s weighted kappa coefficient of agreement with linear weights. Stat Methodol 6:439\u2013446","journal-title":"Stat Methodol"},{"key":"123_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294066","volume":"51","author":"HJA Schouten","year":"1986","unstructured":"Schouten HJA (1986) Nominal scale agreement among observers. Psychometrika 51:453\u2013466","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"123_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164403260197","volume":"64","author":"C Schuster","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schuster C (2004) A note on the interpretation of weighted kappa and its relations to other rater agreement statistics for metric scales. Edu Psychol Measur 64:243\u2013253","journal-title":"Edu Psychol Measur"},{"key":"123_CR20","first-page":"1592","volume":"31","author":"JM Seddon","year":"1990","unstructured":"Seddon JM, Sahagian CR, Glynn RJ, Sperduto RD, Gragoudas ES, The Eye Disorders Case-Control Study Group (1990) Evaluation of an iris color classification system. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 31:1592\u20131598","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"123_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stamet.2008.06.001","volume":"6","author":"S Vanbelle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vanbelle S, Albert A (2009) A note on the linearly weighted kappa coefficient for ordinal scales. Stat Methodol 6:157\u2013163","journal-title":"Stat Methodol"},{"key":"123_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stamet.2010.05.003","volume":"7","author":"MJ Warrens","year":"2010","unstructured":"Warrens MJ (2010) Cohen\u2019s kappa can always be increased and decreased by combining categories. Stat Methodol 7:673\u2013677","journal-title":"Stat Methodol"},{"key":"123_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-011-9210-z","volume":"76","author":"MJ Warrens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Warrens MJ (2011) Cohen\u2019s linearly weighted kappa is a weighted average of $$2\\times 2$$ kappas. Psychometrika 76:471\u2013486","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"123_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warrens MJ (2012a) Some paradoxical results for the quadratically weighted kappa. Psychometrika 77: 315\u2013323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-012-9258-4"},{"key":"123_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warrens MJ (2012b) Cohen\u2019s linearly weighted kappa is a weighted average. Adv Data Anal Class 6:67\u201379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11634-011-0094-7"},{"key":"123_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Warrens MJ (2012c) Equivalences of weighted kappas for multiple raters. Stat Method 9:407\u2013422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stamet.2011.11.001"},{"key":"123_CR27","first-page":"380","volume":"57","author":"KB Westlund","year":"1953","unstructured":"Westlund KB, Kurland LT (1953) Studies on multiple sclerosis in Winnipeg, Manitoba and New Orleans, Louisiana. Am J Hyg 57:380\u2013396","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"123_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1998.15.573","volume":"15","author":"JTL Wilson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wilson JTL, Pettigrew LEL, Teasdale GM (1998) Structured interviews for the Glasgow outcome scale and the extended Glasgow outcome scale: guidelines for their use. J Neurotrauma 15:573\u2013585","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"}],"container-title":["Advances in Data Analysis and Classification"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11634-013-0123-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11634-013-0123-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11634-013-0123-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T16:57:13Z","timestamp":1562691433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11634-013-0123-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]}},"alternative-id":["123"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11634-013-0123-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1862-5347","1862-5355"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1862-5347","type":"print"},{"value":"1862-5355","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,13]]}}}