{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T15:46:21Z","timestamp":1774367181417,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Comput. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-022-1201-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T14:03:06Z","timestamp":1659967386000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["UCat: heterogeneous memory management for unikernels"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Chong","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haikun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofei","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"1201_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"092102","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-017-9418-9","volume":"61","author":"P F Yuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuan P F, Guo Y, Zhang L, Chen X Q, Mei H. Building application-specific operating systems: a profile-guided approach. Science China Information Sciences, 2018, 61(9): 092102","journal-title":"Science China Information Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"1201_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1145\/2490301.2451167","volume":"41","author":"A Madhavapeddy","year":"2013","unstructured":"Madhavapeddy A, Mortier R, Rotsos C, Scott D, Singh B, Gazagnaire T, Smith S, Hand S, Crowcroft J. Unikernels: library operating systems for the cloud. ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, 2013, 41(1): 461\u2013472","journal-title":"ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News"},{"key":"1201_CR3","unstructured":"Kivity A, Laor D, Costa G, Enberg P, Har\u2019El N, Marti D, Zolotarov V. Osv\u2014optimizing the operating system for virtual machines. In: Proceedings of USENIX ATC\u2019 14: 2014 USENIX Annual Technical Conference. 2014, 61\u201372"},{"key":"1201_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olivier P, Chiba D, Lankes S, Min C, Ravindran B. A binary-compatible unikernel. In: Proceedings of the 15th ACM SIGPLAN\/SIGOPS International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments. 2019, 59\u201373","DOI":"10.1145\/3313808.3313817"},{"issue":"239","key":"1201_CR5","first-page":"2","volume":"2014","author":"D Merkel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Merkel D. Docker: lightweight Linux containers for consistent development and deployment. Linux Journal, 2014, 2014(239): 2","journal-title":"Linux Journal"},{"key":"1201_CR6","unstructured":"Martins J, Ahmed M, Raiciu C, Olteanu V, Honda M, Bifulco R, Huici F. Clickos and the art of network function virtualization. In: Proceedings of the 11th USENIX Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation. 2014, 459\u2013473"},{"key":"1201_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cozzolino V, Ding A Y, Ott J. FADES: fine-grained edge offloading with unikernels. In: Proceedings of the Workshop on Hot Topics in Container Networking and Networked Systems. 2017, 36\u201341","DOI":"10.1145\/3094405.3094412"},{"key":"1201_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Manco F, Lupu C, Schmidt F, Mendes J, Kuenzer S, Sati S, Yasukata K, Raiciu C, Huici F. My VM is lighter (and safer) than your container. In: Proceedings of the 26th Symposium on Operating Systems Principles. 2017, 218\u2013233","DOI":"10.1145\/3132747.3132763"},{"key":"1201_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-67425-4_12","volume-title":"Present and Ulterior Software Engineering","author":"N Dragoni","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dragoni N, Giallorenzo S, Lafuente A L, Mazzara M, Montesi F, Mustafin R, Safina L. Microservices: yesterday, today, and tomorrow. In: Mazzara M, Meyer B, eds. Present and Ulterior Software Engineering. Cham: Springer, 2017, 195\u2013216"},{"key":"1201_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Duncan B, Happe A, Bratterud A. Enterprise IoT security and scalability: how unikernels can improve the status Quo. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Utility and Cloud Computing. 2016, 292\u2013297","DOI":"10.1145\/2996890.3007875"},{"key":"1201_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan B, Liu H K, Rao J, Liao X F, Jin H, Zhang Y. Towards lightweight serverless computing via unikernel as a function. In: Proceedings of the 28th IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Quality of Service. 2020, 1\u201310","DOI":"10.1109\/IWQoS49365.2020.9213020"},{"key":"1201_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fingler H, Akshintala A, Rossbach C J. USETL: unikernels for serverless extract transform and load why should you settle for less? In: Proceedings of the 10th ACM SIGOPS Asia-Pacific Workshop on Systems. 2019, 23\u201330","DOI":"10.1145\/3343737.3343750"},{"issue":"3","key":"1201_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1145\/2480741.2480746","volume":"45","author":"O Zilberberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zilberberg O, Weiss S, Toledo S. Phase-change memory: an architectural perspective. ACM Computing Surveys, 2013, 45(3): 29","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"1201_CR14","unstructured":"Yang J, Kim J, Hoseinzadeh M, Izraelevitz J, Swanson S. An empirical guide to the behavior and use of scalable persistent memory. In: Proceedings of the 18th USENIX Conference on File and Storage Technologies. 2020, 169\u2013182"},{"issue":"4","key":"1201_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1145\/3291057","volume":"15","author":"S Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu S, Zhou F, Gao X, Jin H, Ren J L. Dual-page checkpointing: An architectural approach to efficient data persistence for in-memory applications. ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization, 2018, 15(4): 57","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization"},{"issue":"3","key":"1201_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153103","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-020-9448-7","volume":"15","author":"T T Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen T T, Liu H K, Liao X F, Jin H. Resource abstraction and data placement for distributed hybrid memory pool. Frontiers of Computer Science, 2021, 15(3): 153103","journal-title":"Frontiers of Computer Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"1201_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154207","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-020-9395-3","volume":"15","author":"M Cai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cai M, Huang H. A survey of operating system support for persistent memory. Frontiers of Computer Science, 2021, 15(4): 154207","journal-title":"Frontiers of Computer Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"1201_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1145\/3310133","volume":"16","author":"X Y Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X Y, Liu H K, Liao X F, Chen J, Jin H, Zhang Y, Zheng L, He B S, Jiang S. Supporting superpages and lightweight page migration in hybrid memory systems. ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization, 2019, 16(2): 11","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization"},{"issue":"3","key":"1201_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1145\/1816038.1815970","volume":"38","author":"T W Barr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Barr T W, Cox A L, Rixner S. Translation caching: skip, don\u2019t walk (the page table). ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News, 2010, 38(3): 48\u201359","journal-title":"ACM SIGARCH Computer Architecture News"},{"key":"1201_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basu A, Gandhi J, Chang J C, Hill M D, Swift M M. Efficient virtual memory for big memory servers. In: Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. 2013, 237\u2013248","DOI":"10.1145\/2485922.2485943"},{"key":"1201_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Du Y, Zhou M, Childers B R, Moss\u00e9 D, Melhem R. Supporting superpages in non-contiguous physical memory. In: Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture. 2015, 223\u2013234","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA.2015.7056035"},{"key":"1201_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt F. Uniprof: a unikernel stack profiler. In: Proceedings of the SIGCOMM Posters and Demos. 2017, 31\u201333","DOI":"10.1145\/3123878.3131976"},{"key":"1201_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bratterud A, Walla A A, Haugerud H, Engelstad P E, Begnum K. Includeos: a minimal, resource efficient unikernel for cloud services. In: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing Technology and Science. 2015, 250\u2013257","DOI":"10.1109\/CloudCom.2015.89"},{"key":"1201_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen Z M, Sun Z, Sela G E, Bagdasaryan E, Delimitrou C, Van Renesse R, Weatherspoon H. X-containers: breaking down barriers to improve performance and isolation of cloud-native containers. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. 2019, 121\u2013135","DOI":"10.1145\/3297858.3304016"},{"key":"1201_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Merrifield T, Taheri H R. Performance implications of extended page tables on virtualized x86 processors. In: Proceedings of the 12th ACM SIGPLAN\/SIGOPS International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments. 2016, 25\u201335","DOI":"10.1145\/2892242.2892258"},{"key":"1201_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhargava R, Serebrin B, Spadini F, Manne S. Accelerating two-dimensional page walks for virtualized systems. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems. 2008, 26\u201335","DOI":"10.1145\/1346281.1346286"},{"key":"1201_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo F, Kim S, Baskakov Y, Banerjee I. Proactively breaking large pages to improve memory overcommitment performance in VMware ESXi. In: Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGPLAN\/SIGOPS International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments. 2015, 39\u201351","DOI":"10.1145\/2731186.2731187"},{"key":"1201_CR28","volume-title":"MongoDB: the Definitive Guide: Powerful and Scalable data Storage","author":"K Chodorow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chodorow K. MongoDB: the Definitive Guide: Powerful and Scalable data Storage. 2nd ed. Sebastopol, California, USA, O\u2019Reilly Media, Inc., 2013","edition":"2nd ed."},{"key":"1201_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pham B, Vesel\u00fd J, Loh G H, Bhattacharjee A. Large pages and lightweight memory management in virtualized environments: Can you have it both ways? In: Proceedings of the 48th International Symposium on Microarchitecture. 2015, 1\u201312","DOI":"10.1145\/2830772.2830773"},{"key":"1201_CR30","unstructured":"Kwon Y, Yu H C, Peter S, Rossbach C J, Witchel E. Coordinated and efficient huge page management with ingens. In: Proceedings of the 12th USENIX Symposium on Operating Systems Design and Implementation. 2016, 705\u2013721"},{"key":"1201_CR31","unstructured":"Intel. ndctl. See Github.com\/pmem\/ndctl, 2020"},{"key":"1201_CR32","unstructured":"Intel. ipmctl. See Github.com\/intel\/ipmctl, Dec. 03, 2020"},{"issue":"124","key":"1201_CR33","first-page":"1","volume":"2004","author":"B Fitzpatrick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fitzpatrick B. Distributed caching with memcached. Linux Journal, 2004, 2004(124): 1\u20135","journal-title":"Linux Journal"},{"key":"1201_CR34","unstructured":"Aker B. Memslap\u2014load testing and benchmarking a server. See Docs.libmemcached.org\/bin\/memslap, 2013"},{"key":"1201_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper B F, Silberstein A, Tam E, Ramakrishnan R, Sears R. Benchmarking cloud serving systems with YCSB. In: Proceedings of the 1st ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing. 2010, 143\u2013154","DOI":"10.1145\/1807128.1807152"},{"key":"1201_CR36","unstructured":"Kantee A. Rump file systems: Kernel code reborn. In: Proceedings of the USENIX Annual Technical Conference. 2009, 1\u201314"},{"key":"1201_CR37","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"K Stengel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stengel K, Schmaus F, Kapitza R. EsseOS: haskell-based tailored services for the cloud. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Adaptive and Reflective Middleware. 2013, 4: 1\u20136","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Adaptive and Reflective Middleware"},{"issue":"1","key":"1201_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13174-016-0054-8","volume":"8","author":"F J Ballesteros","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ballesteros F J. Structured I\/O streams in Clive: a toolbox approach for wide area network computing. Journal of Internet Services and Applications, 2017, 8(1): 1\u201316","journal-title":"Journal of Internet Services and Applications"},{"issue":"9","key":"1201_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11432-019-2729-5","volume":"64","author":"D Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang D, Liu H K, Jin H, Zhang Y. HMvisor: dynamic hybrid memory management for virtual machines. Science China Information Sciences, 2021, 64(9): 1\u201316","journal-title":"Science China Information Sciences"},{"key":"1201_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kannan S, Gavrilovska A, Gupta V, Schwan K. HeteroOS: OS design for heterogeneous memory management in datacenter. In: Proceedings of the 44th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture. 2017, 521\u2013534","DOI":"10.1145\/3079856.3080245"},{"key":"1201_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirofuchi T, Takano R. RAMinate: hypervisor-based virtualization for hybrid main memory systems. In: Proceedings of the 7th ACM Symposium on Cloud Computing. 2016, 112\u2013125","DOI":"10.1145\/2987550.2987570"},{"key":"1201_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta V, Lee M, Schwan K. HeteroVisor: Exploiting resource heterogeneity to enhance the elasticity of cloud platforms. In: Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGPLAN\/SIGOPS International Conference on Virtual Execution Environments. 2015, 79\u201392","DOI":"10.1145\/2731186.2731191"}],"container-title":["Frontiers of Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11704-022-1201-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11704-022-1201-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11704-022-1201-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T21:33:49Z","timestamp":1711056829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11704-022-1201-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1201"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11704-022-1201-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-2228","2095-2236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-2228","type":"print"},{"value":"2095-2236","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 April 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"171204"}}