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Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer decentralized cryptocurrency system. See bitcoin.org\/en\/website, 2019"},{"key":"3278_CR2","unstructured":"Bitcoin\u2019s market cap. See coinmarketcap.com\/currencies\/bitcoin\/website, 2023"},{"key":"3278_CR3","unstructured":"coindesk. TPS for blockchain platforms. See academy.binance.com\/hu\/glossary\/transactions-per-second-tps#website, 2023"},{"key":"3278_CR4","unstructured":"Unlimited size of blocks. See bitcoinsv.com website, 2023"},{"key":"3278_CR5","unstructured":"Ethereum Layer-2 solution. See ethereum.org\/en\/layer-2\/website, 2023"},{"key":"3278_CR6","unstructured":"Bitcoin transaction fee. See ycharts.com\/indicators\/bitcoin_average_transactionfee website, 2023"},{"key":"3278_CR7","unstructured":"Ethereum transaction fee. See etherscan.io\/chart\/avg-txfee-usd website, 2023"},{"key":"3278_CR8","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th USENIX Conference on Security Symposium","author":"E Heilman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heilman E, Kendler A, Zohar A, Goldberg S. Eclipse attacks on Bitcoin\u2019s peer-to-peer network. In: Proceedings of the 24th USENIX Conference on Security Symposium. 2015, 129\u2013144"},{"key":"3278_CR9","unstructured":"Attack against Parity wallet. See blog.openzeppelin.com\/on-the-parity-wallet-multisig-hack-405a8c12e8f7 website, 2023"},{"key":"3278_CR10","unstructured":"EOSIO. EOSIO official site. See eos.io\/ website, 2019"},{"key":"3278_CR11","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 30th USENIX Security Symposium","author":"N He","year":"2021","unstructured":"He N, Zhang R, Wang H, Wu L, Luo X, Guo Y, Yu T, Jiang X. EOSAFE: security analysis of EOSIO smart contracts. In: Proceedings of the 30th USENIX Security Symposium. 2021"},{"key":"3278_CR12","unstructured":"FRANKENFIELD J. Definition of ICO. See investopedia.com\/terms\/i\/initial-coin-offering-ico.asp website, 2019"},{"key":"3278_CR13","unstructured":"Rooney K. ICO of EOSIO has raised up to 4 billion USD. See cnbc.com\/2018\/05\/31\/a-blockchain-start-up-just-raised-4-billion-without-a-live-product.html website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR14","unstructured":"Peak of market cap of EOSIO. See coinmarketcap.com\/currencies\/eos\/website, 2023"},{"key":"3278_CR15","unstructured":"The DPoS consensus. See en.bitcoinwiki.org\/wiki\/DPoS website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR16","unstructured":"EOSIO network monitor. See eosnetworkmonitor.io\/ website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR17","unstructured":"WebAssembly Official Site. See webassembly.org\/ website, 2019"},{"key":"3278_CR18","unstructured":"CRAIG RUSSO. EOSIO surpasses Ethereum in transaction volume. See web.archive.org\/web\/20201109031452\/ website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR19","unstructured":"Aurora Tech. EOSBet official site. See eosbet.io\/ website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR20","unstructured":"EOS. EOSBet was attacked by Fake EOS vulnerability. See reddit.com\/r\/eos\/comments\/9fpcik\/how_eosbet_attacked_by_aabbccddeefg\/ website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR21","unstructured":"PeckShield Inc. EOSBet was attacked by Fake Recipt. See web.archive.org\/web\/20211019032401\/blog.peckshield.com\/2018\/10\/26\/eos\/ website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR22","unstructured":"Chen Y. Flaw in EOS VM. See web.archive.org\/web\/20230929130452\/blogs.360.cn\/post\/eos-asset-multiplication-integer-overflow-vulnerability.html website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR23","unstructured":"PeckShieldInc. Inline reflex. See web.archive.org\/web\/20210920113641\/blog.peckshield.com\/2018\/12\/18\/inlineReflex\/ website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR24","unstructured":"PeckShield Inc. Blogs about blockchain security events. See web.archive.org\/web\/20210920115915\/blog.peckshield.com\/blog.html website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR25","unstructured":"SlowMist Zone. Blockchain security events. See hacked.slowmist.io\/en\/ website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR26","unstructured":"Michel C. Blog site of EOSIO technology. See cmichel.io\/categories\/ EOS website, 2021"},{"key":"3278_CR27","unstructured":"EOSIO. EOSIO whitepaper. See github.com\/EOSIO\/Documentation\/blob\/master\/TechnicalWhitePaper.md#free-usage website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR28","unstructured":"Michel C. Limitation of time of executing transaction. See cmichel.io\/deferred-transactions-on-eos\/ website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR29","unstructured":"Greg Walker. Transaction fee of Bitcoin. See learnmeabitcoin.com\/technical\/transaction-fee website, 2016"},{"key":"3278_CR30","unstructured":"Emanuel Coen. Transaction fee of Ethereum. See cryptotesters.com\/blog\/ethereum-gas website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR31","unstructured":"ewasm. Official site of ewasm. See github.com\/ewasm\/design website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR32","unstructured":"Forum: Bitcoin Gambling. See forum.bitcoingambling.io\/ website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR33","unstructured":"Forum: Reddit EOS section. See reddit.com\/r\/eos\/ website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR34","unstructured":"BCSEC. EOSIO asset overflow attack against eosfo.io. See \/\/ medium.com\/@xyzkwang334\/anonymous-team-behind-the-eos-werewolf-killing-imeos-and-its-strong-backing-helloeos-657e34a56365 website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR35","unstructured":"Regehr J. Signed multiplication is undefined in c++. See blog.regehr.org\/archives\/213 website, 2010"},{"key":"3278_CR36","unstructured":"Official patch for asset overflow vulnerability. See github.com\/EOSIO\/eos\/commit\/b7b34e5b794e323cdc306ca2764973e1ee0d168f website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR37","unstructured":"Quan L, Wu L, Wang H. EVulHunter: detecting fake transfer vulnerabilities for EOSIO\u2019s smart contracts at webassembly-level. 2019, arXiv preprint arXiv: 1906.10362"},{"key":"3278_CR38","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware","author":"Y Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang Y, Jiang B, Chan W K. EOSFuzzer: fuzzing EOSIO smart contracts for vulnerability detection. In: Proceedings of the 12th Asia-Pacific Symposium on Internetware. 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR39","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems","author":"Y Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang Y, Wang H, Wu L, Tyson G, Luo X, Zhang R, Liu X, Huang G, Jiang X. Understanding (Mis) behavior on the EOSIO blockchain. In: Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems. 2020, 1\u201328"},{"key":"3278_CR40","unstructured":"SlowMist. Random number vulnerability. See medium.com\/@slowmist\/details-of-a-new-type-random-number-attack-on-eos-ede0211d9cc2 website, 2019"},{"key":"3278_CR41","unstructured":"PeckShield. Random number vulnerability. See medium.com\/@peck-shield\/defeating-eos-gambling-games-the-tech-behind-random-number-loophole-cf701c616dc0 website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR42","unstructured":"Le Q. EOSDice attacked due to random number. See medium.com\/leclevietnam\/hacking-in-eos-contracts-and-how-to-prevent-it-b8663c8bffa6 website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR43","unstructured":"Larimer D. An ideal prng prototype in eosio. See eosio.stackexchange.com\/questions\/41\/how-can-i-generate-random-numbers-inside-a-smart-contract#answer-215 website, 2019"},{"key":"3278_CR44","unstructured":"EOS Titan. DelphiOracle in EOSIO. See github.com\/eostitan\/delphioracle website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR45","unstructured":"LiquidHarmony. LiquidOracles in EOSIO. See medium.com\/the-liquidapps-blog\/using-liquidoracles-on-eos-wax-telos-liquidapps-dappnetwork-developer-walkthroughs-e810087e58e2 website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR46","unstructured":"AlgoTrader, an oracle, in EOSIO. See eosio.algotrader.com\/home website, 2021"},{"key":"3278_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain50366.2020.00048","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","author":"Y Chinen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chinen Y, Yanai N, Cruz J P, Okamura S. RA: hunting for re-entrancy attacks in ethereum smart contracts via static analysis. In: Proceedings of 2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain). 2020, 327\u2013336"},{"key":"3278_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodler M, Li W, Karame G O, Davi L. Sereum: protecting existing smart contracts against re-entrancy attacks. 2018, arXiv preprint arXiv: 1812.05934","DOI":"10.14722\/ndss.2019.23413"},{"key":"3278_CR49","unstructured":"Michel C. EOSIO re-entrancy attack. See cmichel.io\/eos-vault-sxhack\/ website, 2021"},{"key":"3278_CR50","unstructured":"SlowMist. Hard fail attack in EOSIO. See slowmist.medium.com\/hard-fail-status-attack-for-eos-7cfa73ae7d4b website, 2019"},{"key":"3278_CR51","unstructured":"SlowMist. Roll Back Attack about blacklist in EOSIO. See medium.com\/@slowmist\/roll-back-attack-about-blacklist-in-eos-adf53edd8d69 website, 2019"},{"key":"3278_CR52","unstructured":"SlowMist. Rollback attack for betdiceadmin. See github.com\/slowmist\/eos-smart-contract-security-best-practices\/blob\/master\/README_EN.md#random-number-practice website, 2019"},{"key":"3278_CR53","unstructured":"PeckShield Inc. Transaction congestion attack in EOSIO. See web.archive.org\/web\/20210920120718\/https:\/\/blog.peckshield.com\/2019\/01\/15\/eos_CVE-2019-6199\/ website, 2019"},{"key":"3278_CR54","unstructured":"EIDOS official site. See enumivo.org\/ website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR55","unstructured":"REX official site. See eosauthority.com\/rex website, 2020"},{"key":"3278_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1145\/3419394.3423628","volume-title":"Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference","author":"D Perez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Perez D, Xu J, Livshits B. Revisiting transactional statistics of high-scalability blockchains. In: Proceedings of the ACM Internet Measurement Conference. 2020, 535\u2013550"},{"key":"3278_CR57","unstructured":"PeckShield Inc. CPU hijacking attack in EOSIO. See peckshield. medium.com\/eidos-airdrop-stifles-the-liveness-of-eosio-network-acbb8fb5ebb4 website, 2019"},{"key":"3278_CR58","unstructured":"Sotnichek M. RAM hijacking attack in EOSIO. 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See cmichel.io\/eos-vault-sx-hack\/ website, 2021"},{"key":"3278_CR72","unstructured":"Transaction instance of permission-less injection attack. See eos.eosq.eosnation.io\/tx\/ad143e3da45f7661eb4540b51d23dc6bfaa64b1de6989297f3b4e2170e17ff08 website, 2021"},{"key":"3278_CR73","unstructured":"Official patch for inline reflex. See github.com\/EOSIO\/eos\/releases\/tag\/v1.5.1 website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR74","unstructured":"eosfo.io requires players\u2019 eosio.code permission. See cloud.tencent.com\/developer\/news\/285297 website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR75","unstructured":"CHINABTCNEWS. Fake deposit in Ethereum. See news.8btc.com\/slowmist-3619-eth-based-tokens-are-affected-by-fake-deposit-vulnerability website, 2018"},{"key":"3278_CR76","unstructured":"YUSUFF O. Fake deposit in Ripple. See newslogical.com\/remitano-halts-bitcoin-ethereum-trading-indefinitely-over-fake-ripples-xrp-deposits\/ website, 2019"},{"key":"3278_CR77","unstructured":"SlowMist. Fake deposit attack in EOSIO. 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