{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T01:08:51Z","timestamp":1772932131660,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772841600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Comput. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>With the growing prevalence of data-driven decision-making, Text-to-SQL has emerged as a promising solution to lower the barrier to data access by translating natural language queries into executable SQL statements, thereby enhancing user interaction with databases. Despite notable progress driven by deep learning and large language models, significant challenges persist in handling complex queries. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the Text-to-SQL task, structured around two core stages: natural language understanding and natural language translation. Methods are categorized along the technical evolution trajectory into four types: rule-based, machine learning-based, pre-trained language model-based, and large language model-based approaches. Unlike previous surveys, which focus on specific techniques or partial aspects of Text-to-SQL, our work offers a two-stage analytical framework, highlights the impact of large models, and provides a comparative analysis of limitations and trade-offs. Through detailed examination of accuracy, generalization, expressiveness, and computational cost, this survey presents insights into the advantages and disadvantages of each paradigm. Furthermore, the paper summarizes key benchmark datasets and evaluation metrics, and discusses directions to improve the robustness, security, and effectiveness of the existing Text-to-SQL systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-025-50592-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T04:57:29Z","timestamp":1772859449000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A systematic review of natural language interfaces for databases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Mengyi","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xieyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jianqiu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Weijia","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ouri","family":"Wolfson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"50592_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s00530-023-01201-y","volume":"30","author":"C Chang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chang C, Liang Y, Wu S, Roy D S. Sv2-SQL: a text-to-SQL transformation mechanism based on BERT models for slot filling, value extraction, and verification. Multimedia Systems, 2024, 30(1): 16","journal-title":"Multimedia Systems"},{"key":"50592_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5701","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-acl.352","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023","author":"B Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang B, Gao Y, Li Z, Lou J. Know what i don\u2019t know: handling ambiguous and unknown questions for text-to-SQL. In: Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023. 2023, 5701\u20135714"},{"key":"50592_CR3","first-page":"49","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering","author":"Y Tong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tong Y, She J, Ding B, Wang L, Chen L. Online mobile micro-task allocation in spatial crowdsourcing. In: Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering. 2016, 49\u201360"},{"issue":"6","key":"50592_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.14778\/3514061.3514064","volume":"15","author":"Y Tong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tong Y, Pan X, Zeng Y, Shi Y, Xue C, Zhou Z, Zhang X, Chen L, Xu Y, Xu K, Lv W. Hu-Fu: efficient and secure spatial queries over data federation. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2022, 15(6): 1159\u20131172","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"50592_CR5","first-page":"390","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2023 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication","author":"M Visperas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Visperas M, Adoptante A J, Borjal C J, Abia M T, Catapang J K, Peramo E. On modern text-to-SQL semantic parsing methodologies for natural language interface to databases: a comparative study. In: Proceedings of 2023 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication. 2023, 390\u2013396"},{"key":"50592_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/D18-1425","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"T Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu T, Zhang R, Yang K, Yasunaga M, Wang D, Li Z, Ma J, Li I, Yao Q, Roman S, Zhang Z, Radev D R. Spider: a large-scale human-labeled dataset for complex and cross-domain semantic parsing and text-to-SQL task. In: Proceedings of 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 2018, 3911\u20133921"},{"key":"50592_CR7","first-page":"42330","volume":"36","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li J, Hui B, Qu G, Yang J, Li B, Li B, Wang B, Qin B, Geng R, Huo N, Zhou X, Ma C, Li G, Chang K C C, Huang F, Cheng R, Li Y. Can LLM already serve as A database interface? A big bench for large-scale database grounded text-to-SQLs. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2023, 36: 42330\u201342357","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"50592_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1145\/3035918.3054783","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2017 ACM International Conference on Management of Data","author":"Y Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li Y, Rafiei D. Natural language data management and interfaces: recent development and open challenges. In: Proceedings of 2017 ACM International Conference on Management of Data. 2017, 1765\u20131770"},{"issue":"12","key":"50592_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4333","DOI":"10.14778\/3685800.3685868","volume":"17","author":"M Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang M, Wu H, Ke X, Gao Y, Xu X, Chen L. An interactive multi-modal query answering system with retrieval-augmented large language models. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2024, 17(12): 4333\u20134336","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"1","key":"50592_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1145\/2949741.2949744","volume":"45","author":"F Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li F, Jagadish H V. Understanding natural language queries over relational databases. ACM SIGMOD Record, 2016, 45(1): 6\u201313","journal-title":"ACM SIGMOD Record"},{"issue":"11","key":"50592_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2747","DOI":"10.14778\/3407790.3407858","volume":"13","author":"J Sen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sen J, Lei C, Quamar A, \u00d6zcan F, Efthymiou V, Dalmia A, Stager G, Mittal A, Saha D, Sankaranarayanan K. ATHENA++: natural language querying for complex nested SQL queries. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2020, 13(11): 2747\u20132759","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"5","key":"50592_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ipm.2015.04.006","volume":"51","author":"A Ben Abacha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ben Abacha A, Zweigenbaum P. MEANS: a medical question-answering system combining NLP techniques and semantic Web technologies. Information Processing & Management, 2015, 51(5): 570\u2013594","journal-title":"Information Processing & Management"},{"key":"50592_CR13","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 14th International Semantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web","author":"D Song","year":"2015","unstructured":"Song D, Schilder F, Smiley C, Brew C, Zielund T, Bretz H, Martin R, Dale C, Duprey J, Miller T, Harrison J. TR discover: a natural language interface for querying and analyzing interlinked datasets. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Semantic Web Conference on The Semantic Web. 2015, 21\u201337"},{"issue":"2","key":"50592_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-023-00809-w","volume":"33","author":"A Usta","year":"2024","unstructured":"Usta A, Karakayali A, Ulusoy \u00d6. xDBTagger: explainable natural language interface to databases using keyword mappings and schema graph. The VLDB Journal, 2024, 33(2): 301\u2013321","journal-title":"The VLDB Journal"},{"key":"50592_CR15","first-page":"1050","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"J M Zelle","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zelle J M, Mooney R J. Learning to parse database queries using inductive logic programming. In: Proceedings of the 13th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 1996, 1050\u20131055"},{"key":"50592_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1145\/3347146.3359069","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems","author":"J Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li J, Wang W, Ku W S, Tian Y, Wang H. SpatialNLI: a spatial domain natural language interface to databases using spatial comprehension. In: Proceedings of the 27th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. 2019, 339\u2013348"},{"key":"50592_CR17","first-page":"2177","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"U Brunner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brunner U, Stockinger K. ValueNet: a natural language-to-SQL system that learns from database information. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2021, 2177\u20132182"},{"key":"50592_CR18","first-page":"3603","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Data Engineering","author":"Y Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan Y, Ren T, He Z, Wang X S, Zhang Y, Li X. GenSQL: a generative natural language interface to database systems. In: Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Data Engineering. 2023, 3603\u20133606"},{"key":"50592_CR19","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2023 IEEE 39th International Conference on Data Engineering","author":"Y Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan Y, He Z, Ren T, Guo D, Chen L, Zhu R, Chen G, Jing Y, Zhang K, Wang X S. Gar: a generate-and-rank approach for natural language to SQL translation. In: Proceedings of 2023 IEEE 39th International Conference on Data Engineering. 2023, 110\u2013122"},{"key":"50592_CR20","unstructured":"Hwang W, Yim J, Park S, Seo M. A comprehensive exploration on wikisql with table-aware word contextualization. 2019, arXiv preprint arXiv: 1902.01069"},{"key":"50592_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7567","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.677","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"B Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang B, Shin R, Liu X, Polozov O, Richardson M. RAT-SQL: relation-aware schema encoding and linking for text-to-SQL parsers. In: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2020, 7567\u20137578"},{"key":"50592_CR22","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies","author":"O Rubin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rubin O, Berant J. SmBoP: semi-autoregressive bottom-up semantic parsing. In: Proceedings of 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2021, 311\u2013324"},{"key":"50592_CR23","unstructured":"Xu X, Liu C, Song D. SQLNet: generating structured queries from natural language without reinforcement learning. 2017, arXiv preprint arXiv: 1711.04436"},{"key":"50592_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9895","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.emnlp-main.779","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"T Scholak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Scholak T, Schucher N, Bahdanau D. PICARD: parsing incrementally for constrained auto-regressive decoding from language models. In: Proceedings of 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 2021, 9895\u20139901"},{"key":"50592_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3501","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-emnlp.227","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023","author":"H Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang H, Cao R, Chen L, Xu H, Yu K. ACT- SQL: in-context learning for text-to-SQL with automatically-generated chain-of-thought. In: Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023. 2023, 3501\u20133532"},{"key":"50592_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36339","DOI":"10.52202\/075280-1577","volume":"36","author":"M Pourreza","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pourreza M, Rafiei D. DIN-SQL: decomposed in-context learning of text-to-SQL with self-correction. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, 2023, 36: 36339\u201336348","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"50592_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10796","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2024.findings-acl.641","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024","author":"Y Xie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie Y, Jin X, Xie T, Lin M, Chen L, Yu C, Lei C, Zhuo C, Hu B, Li Z. Decomposition for enhancing attention: Improving LLM-based text-to-SQL through workflow paradigm. In: Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2024. 2024, 10796\u201310816"},{"key":"50592_CR28","unstructured":"Dong X, Zhang C, Ge Y, Mao Y, Gao Y, Chen L, Lin J, Lou D. C3: zero-shot text-to-SQL with ChatGPT. 2023, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2307.07306"},{"key":"50592_CR29","unstructured":"Zhang T, Chen C, Liao C, Wang J, Zhao X, Yu H, Wang J, Li J, Shi W. SQLfuse: enhancing text-to-SQL performance through comprehensive LLM synergy. 2024, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2407.14568"},{"key":"50592_CR30","first-page":"1","volume":"20","author":"C Lehmann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lehmann C, Gehrig D, Holdener S, Saladin C, Monteiro J P, Stockinger K. Building natural language interfaces for databases in practice. In: Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management. 2022, 20:1\u201320:4","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"50592_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-022-00776-8","volume":"32","author":"G Katsogiannis-Meimarakis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Katsogiannis-Meimarakis G, Koutrika G. A survey on deep learning approaches for text-to-SQL. The VLDB Journal, 2023, 32(4): 905\u2013936","journal-title":"The VLDB Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"50592_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1007\/s41019-024-00262-x","volume":"9","author":"L Kallab","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kallab L, Mansour E, Chbeir R. Towards ML models\u2019 recommendations. Data Science and Engineering, 2024, 9(4): 409\u2013430","journal-title":"Data Science and Engineering"},{"key":"50592_CR33","first-page":"95","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa","author":"E T Degu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Degu E T, Aga R T. Natural language interface for COVID-19 Amharic database using LSTM encoder decoder architecture with attention. In: Proceedings of 2021 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology for Development for Africa. 2021, 95\u2013100"},{"key":"50592_CR34","first-page":"4171","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers)","author":"J Devlin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Devlin J, Chang M W, Lee K, Toutanova K. BERT: pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding. In: Proceedings of 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). 2019, 4171\u20134186"},{"key":"50592_CR35","unstructured":"Liu Y, Ott M, Goyal N, Du J, Joshi M, Chen D, Levy O, Lewis M, Zettlemoyer L, Stoyanov V. RoBERTa: a robustly optimized BERT pretraining approach. 2019, arXiv preprint arXiv: 1907.11692"},{"issue":"140","key":"50592_CR36","first-page":"1","volume":"21","author":"C Raffel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raffel C, Shazeer N, Roberts A, Lee K, Narang S, Matena M, Zhou Y, Li W, Liu P J. Exploring the limits of transfer learning with a unified text-to-text transformer. The Journal of Machine Learning Research, 2020, 21(140): 1\u201367","journal-title":"The Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"50592_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1145\/3605943","volume":"56","author":"B Min","year":"2024","unstructured":"Min B, Ross H, Sulem E, Veyseh A P B, Nguyen T H, Sainz O, Agirre E, Heintz I, Roth D. Recent advances in natural language processing via large pre-trained language models: a survey. ACM Computing Surveys, 2024, 56(2): 30:1\u201330:40","journal-title":"ACM Computing Surveys"},{"key":"50592_CR38","unstructured":"Chen M, Tworek J, Jun H, Yuan Q, de Oliveira Pinto H P, et al. Evaluating large language models trained on code. 2021, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2107.03374"},{"key":"50592_CR39","first-page":"1877","volume":"33","author":"T B Brown","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brown T B, Mann B, Ryder N, Subbiah M, Kaplan J, et al. Language models are few-shot learners. Advances in neural information processing systems, 2020, 33: 1877\u20131901","journal-title":"Advances in neural information processing systems"},{"key":"50592_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11225","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-emnlp.750","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023","author":"S Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun S, Zhang Y, Yan J, Gao Y, Ong D, Chen B, Su J. Battle of the large language models: Dolly vs LLaMA vs Vicuna vs Guanaco vs Bard vs ChatGPT - a text-to-SQL parsing comparison. In: Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2023. 2023, 11225\u201311238"},{"issue":"5","key":"50592_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185350","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-024-31018-5","volume":"18","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li J, Lei Y, Bian Y, Cheng D, Ding Z, Jiang C. RA-CFGPT: Chinese financial assistant with retrieval-augmented large language model. Frontiers of Computer Science, 2024, 18(5): 185350","journal-title":"Frontiers of Computer Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"50592_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198343","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-024-40678-2","volume":"19","author":"C Qu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Qu C, Dai S, Wei X, Cai H, Wang S, Yin D, Xu J, Wen J. Tool learning with large language models: a survey. Frontiers of Computer Science, 2025, 19(8): 198343","journal-title":"Frontiers of Computer Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"50592_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s41019-023-00235-6","volume":"9","author":"X Zhou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhou X, Sun Z, Li G. DB- GPT: large language model meets database. Data Science and Engineering, 2024, 9(1): 102\u2013111","journal-title":"Data Science and Engineering"},{"key":"50592_CR44","unstructured":"Hong Z, Yuan Z, Zhang Q, Chen H, Dong J, Huang F, Huang X. Next-generation database interfaces: a survey of LLM-based text-to-SQL. 2014, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2406.08426"},{"key":"50592_CR45","first-page":"2166","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics","author":"N Deng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deng N, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Recent advances in text-to-SQL: a survey of what we have and what we expect. In: Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Computational Linguistics. 2022, 2166\u20132187"},{"key":"50592_CR46","first-page":"381","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistic","author":"R C A Iacob","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iacob R C A, Brad F, Apostol E S, Truic\u00e4 C O, Hosu I A, Rebedea T. Neural approaches for natural language interfaces to databases: a survey. In: Proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Computational Linguistic. 2020, 381\u2013395"},{"issue":"11","key":"50592_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3318","DOI":"10.14778\/3681954.3682003","volume":"17","author":"B Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li B, Luo Y, Chai C, Li G, Tang N. The dawn of natural language to SQL: are we fully ready? Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2024, 17(11): 3318\u20133331","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"50592_CR48","unstructured":"Qin B, Hui B, Wang L, Yang M, Li J, Li B, Geng R, Cao R, Sun J, Si L, Huang F, Li Y. A survey on text-to-SQL parsing: concepts, methods, and future directions. 2022, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2208.13629"},{"issue":"11","key":"50592_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6699","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2024.3400824","volume":"36","author":"W Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang W, Wang Y, Song Y, Wei V J, Tian Y, Qi Y, Chan J H, Wong R C, Yang H. Natural language interfaces for tabular data querying and visualization: a survey. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2024, 36(11): 6699\u20136718","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"50592_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-019-00567-8","volume":"28","author":"K Affolter","year":"2019","unstructured":"Affolter K, Stockinger K, Bernstein A. A comparative survey of recent natural language interfaces for databases. The VLDB Journal, 2019, 28(5): 793\u2013819","journal-title":"The VLDB Journal"},{"key":"50592_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1145\/604045.604070","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","author":"A M Popescu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Popescu A M, Etzioni O, Kautz H. Towards a theory of natural language interfaces to databases. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces. 2003, 149\u2013157"},{"key":"50592_CR52","first-page":"980","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Semantic Web Conference","author":"E Kaufmann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kaufmann E, Bernstein A, Zumstein R. Querix: a natural language interface to query ontologies based on clarification dialogs. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Semantic Web Conference. 2006, 980\u2013981"},{"key":"50592_CR53","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC\u201908)","author":"D Damljanovic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Damljanovic D, Tablan V, Bontcheva K. A text-based query interface to OWL ontologies. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC\u201908). 2008"},{"key":"50592_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1145\/2463676.2463725","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2013 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data","author":"R Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang R, Zou L. Natural language question answering over RDF data. In: Proceedings of 2013 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data. 2013, 1289\u20131290"},{"key":"50592_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1145\/2723372.2735370","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2015 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data","author":"Y Amsterdamer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amsterdamer Y, Kukliansky A, Milo T. Nl2CM: a natural language interface to crowd mining. In: Proceedings of 2015 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data. 2015, 1433\u20131438"},{"issue":"12","key":"50592_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.14778\/2824032.2824042","volume":"8","author":"Y Amsterdamer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amsterdamer Y, Kukliansky A, Milo T. A natural language interface for querying general and individual knowledge. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2015, 8(12): 1430\u20131441","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"9","key":"50592_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1080\/08839514.2015.1082280","volume":"29","author":"J Booth","year":"2015","unstructured":"Booth J, Di Eugenio B, Cruz I F, Wolfson O. Robust natural language processing for urban trip planning. Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2015, 29(9): 859\u2013903","journal-title":"Applied Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"12","key":"50592_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.14778\/2994509.2994536","volume":"9","author":"D Saha","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saha D, Floratou A, Sankaranarayanan K, Minhas U F, Mittal A R, \u00d6zcan F. ATHENA: an ontology-driven system for natural language querying over relational data stores. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2016, 9(12): 1209\u20131220","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"50592_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1145\/3133887","volume":"1","author":"N Yaghmazadeh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yaghmazadeh N, Wang Y, Dillig I, Dillig T. SQLizer: query synthesis from natural language. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 2017, 1(OOPSLA): 63:1\u201363:26","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages"},{"key":"50592_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1145\/3269206.3269247","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management","author":"Z Jia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jia Z, Abujabal A, Roy R S, Str\u00f6tgen J, Weikum G. TEQUILA: temporal question answering over knowledge bases. In: Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management. 2018, 1807\u20131810"},{"key":"50592_CR61","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2019 International Conference on Information Technology","author":"A Das","year":"2019","unstructured":"Das A, Balabantaray R C. MyNLIDB: a natural language interface to database. In: Proceedings of 2019 International Conference on Information Technology. 2019, 234\u2013238"},{"key":"50592_CR62","first-page":"228","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management","author":"X Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang X, Xu J, Wang Y. NLMO: towards a natural language tool for querying moving objects. In: Proceedings of the 21st IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management. 2020, 228\u2013229"},{"key":"50592_CR63","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Spatial and Temporal Databases","author":"X Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang X, Xu J, Lu H. NALMO: a natural language interface for moving objects databases. In: Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Spatial and Temporal Databases. 2021, 1\u201311"},{"issue":"3","key":"50592_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10707-023-00494-5","volume":"27","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Liu M, Xu J, Lu H. NALMO: transforming queries in natural language for moving objects databases. GeoInformatica, 2023, 27(3): 427\u2013460","journal-title":"GeoInformatica"},{"key":"50592_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1145\/3609956.3609974","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Spatial and Temporal Data","author":"M Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu M, Wang X, Xu J. NALSD: a natural language interface for spatial databases. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Spatial and Temporal Data. 2023, 175\u2013179"},{"key":"50592_CR66","first-page":"1","volume":"57","author":"M Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu M, Wang X, Xu J, Lu H. NALSpatial: an effective natural language transformation framework for queries over spatial data. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems. 2023, 57:1\u201357:4","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"50592_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2025.3525587","volume":"37","author":"M Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu M, Wang X, Xu J, Lu H, Tong Y. NALSpatial: a natural language interface for spatial databases. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 2025, 37(4): 2056\u20132070","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering"},{"key":"50592_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.3115\/v1\/P14-5010","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations","author":"C D Manning","year":"2014","unstructured":"Manning C D, Surdeanu M, Bauer J, Finkel J, Bethard S J, McClosky D. The stanford CoreNLP natural language processing toolkit. In: Proceedings of the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics: System Demonstrations. 2014, 55\u201360"},{"key":"50592_CR69","first-page":"338","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2019 Sixth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS)","author":"X Schmitt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schmitt X, Kubler S, Robert J, Papadakis M, Traon Y L. A replicable comparison study of NER software: StanfordNLP, NLTK, OpenNLP, SpaCy, gate. In: Proceedings of 2019 Sixth International Conference on Social Networks Analysis, Management and Security (SNAMS). 2019, 338\u2013343"},{"key":"50592_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3115\/1225403.1225421","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2006 COLING\/ACL Interactive Presentation Sessions","author":"S Bird","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bird S. NLTK: the natural language toolkit. In: Proceedings of 2006 COLING\/ACL Interactive Presentation Sessions. 2006, 69\u201372"},{"key":"50592_CR71","first-page":"32","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Systems and Software Product Line Conference","author":"A Fantechi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fantechi A, Gnesi S, Livi S, Semini L. A spaCy-based tool for extracting variability from NL requirements. In: Proceedings of the 25th ACM International Systems and Software Product Line Conference. 2021, 32\u201335"},{"key":"50592_CR72","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Research in Management & Technovation","author":"D Hazarika","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hazarika D, Konwar G, Deb S, Bora D J. Sentiment analysis on twitter by using TextBlob for natural language processing. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Research in Management & Technovation. 2020, 63\u201367"},{"key":"50592_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1145\/1066157.1066281","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2005 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data","author":"Y Li","year":"2005","unstructured":"Li Y, Yang H, Jagadish H V. NaLIX: an interactive natural language interface for querying XML. In: Proceedings of 2005 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data. 2005, 900\u2013902"},{"issue":"4","key":"50592_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1145\/1292609.1292620","volume":"32","author":"Y Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li Y, Yang H, Jagadish H V. NaLIX: a generic natural language search environment for XML data. ACM Transactions on Database Systems, 2007, 32(4): 30","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"},{"key":"50592_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1145\/1247480.1247643","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2007 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data","author":"Y Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li Y, Chaudhuri I, Yang H, Singh S, Jagadish H V. DaNaLIX: a domain-adaptive natural language interface for querying XML. In: Proceedings of 2007 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data. 2007, 1165\u20131168"},{"key":"50592_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1145\/2588555.2594519","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2014 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data","author":"F Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li F, Jagadish H V. NaLIR: an interactive natural language interface for querying relational databases. In: Proceedings of 2014 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data. 2014, 709\u2013712"},{"issue":"1","key":"50592_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.14778\/2735461.2735468","volume":"8","author":"F Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li F, Jagadish H V. Constructing an interactive natural language interface for relational databases. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2014, 8(1): 73\u201384","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"50592_CR78","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Information Science","author":"J Joseph","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joseph J, Panicker J R, Meera M. An efficient natural language interface to xml database. In: Proceedings of 2016 International Conference on Information Science. 2016, 207\u2013212"},{"issue":"12","key":"50592_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.14778\/3229863.3236248","volume":"11","author":"M Jammi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jammi M, Sen J, Mittal A, Verma S, Pahuja V, Ananthanarayanan R, Lohia P, Karanam H, Saha D, Sankaranarayanan K. Tooling framework for instantiating natural language querying system. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2018, 11(12): 2014\u20132017","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"50592_CR80","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"T N Erekhinskaya","year":"2020","unstructured":"Erekhinskaya T N, Strebkov D, Patel S, Balakrishna M, Tatu M, Moldovan D I. Ten ways of leveraging ontologies for natural language processing and its enterprise applications. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Semantic Big Data. 2020, 8:1\u20138:6","journal-title":"Proceedings of the International Workshop on Semantic Big Data"},{"key":"50592_CR81","first-page":"1","volume":"35","author":"J Henarejos-Blasco","year":"2020","unstructured":"Henarejos-Blasco J, Garc\u00eda-D\u00edaz J A, Apolinario-Arzube O, Valencia-Garc\u00eda R. CNL-RDF-query: a controlled natural language interface for querying ontologies and relational databases. In: Proceedings of the 10th Euro-American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems. 2020, 35:1\u201335:5","journal-title":"Proceedings of the 10th Euro-American Conference on Telematics and Information Systems"},{"key":"50592_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2021.108012","volume":"239","author":"M J Al-Muhammed","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Muhammed M J, Lonsdale D W. Ontology-aware dynamically adaptable free-form natural language agent interface for querying databases. Knowledge-Based Systems, 2022, 239: 108012","journal-title":"Knowledge-Based Systems"},{"key":"50592_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1145\/2588555.2610525","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2014 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data","author":"L Zou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zou L, Huang R, Wang H, Yu J X, He W, Zhao D. Natural language question answering over RDF: a graph data driven approach. In: Proceedings of 2014 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of Data. 2014, 313\u2013324"},{"issue":"4","key":"50592_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1504\/IJRIS.2020.111786","volume":"12","author":"K Ahkouk","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahkouk K, Machkour M. Towards an interface for translating natural language questions to SQL: a conceptual framework from a systematic review. International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems, 2020, 12(4): 264\u2013275","journal-title":"International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems"},{"key":"50592_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7053","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.436","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"A Bhaskar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bhaskar A, Tomar T, Sathe A, Sarawagi S. Benchmarking and improving text-to-SQL generation under ambiguity. In: Proceedings of 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 2023, 7053\u20137074"},{"issue":"10","key":"50592_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.14778\/2336664.2336667","volume":"5","author":"L Blunschi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blunschi L, Jossen C, Kossmann D, Mori M, Stockinger K. SODA: generating SQL for business users. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2012, 5(10): 932\u2013943","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"50592_CR87","first-page":"86","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2017 International Conference on Information Society","author":"K Fulford","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fulford K, Olmsted A. Mobile natural language database interface for accessing relational data. In: Proceedings of 2017 International Conference on Information Society. 2017, 86\u201387"},{"key":"50592_CR88","volume-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB 2019 PhD Workshop","author":"W Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang W. A cross-domain natural language interface to databases using adversarial text method. In: Proceedings of the VLDB 2019 PhD Workshop. 2019"},{"key":"50592_CR89","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Data Engineering","author":"W Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang W, Tian Y, Wang H, Ku W S. A natural language interface for database: achieving transfer-learnability using adversarial method for question understanding. In: Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Data Engineering. 2020, 97\u2013108"},{"key":"50592_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8413","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.acl-main.745","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"P Yin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yin P, Neubig G, Yih W t, Riedel S. TaBERT: pretraining for joint understanding of textual and tabular data. In: Proceedings of the 58th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2020, 8413\u20138426"},{"key":"50592_CR91","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Learning Representations","author":"T Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu T, Wu C, Lin X V, Wang B, Tan Y C, Yang X, Radev D R, Socher R, Xiong C. GraPPa: grammar-augmented pre-training for table semantic parsing. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Learning Representations. 2021"},{"key":"50592_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4870","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.findings-emnlp.438","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020","author":"X V Lin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lin X V, Socher R, Xiong C. Bridging textual and tabular data for cross-domain text-to-SQL semantic parsing. In: Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2020. 2020, 4870\u20134888"},{"key":"50592_CR93","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Learning Representations","author":"T Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu T, Zhang R, Polozov A, Meek C, Awadallah A H. SCoRe: pre-training for context representation in conversational semantic parsing. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Learning Representations. 2021"},{"key":"50592_CR94","unstructured":"Lyu Q, Chakrabarti K, Hathi S, Kundu S, Zhang J, Chen Z. Hybrid ranking network for text-to-SQL. 2020, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2008.04759"},{"key":"50592_CR95","first-page":"13067","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence","author":"H Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li H, Zhang J, Li C, Chen H. RESDSQL: decoupling schema linking and skeleton parsing for text-to-SQL. In: Proceedings of the 37th AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 2023, 13067\u201313075"},{"key":"50592_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5376","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.327","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"C Y Tai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tai C Y, Chen Z, Zhang T, Deng X, Sun H. Exploring chain of thought style prompting for text-to-SQL. In: Proceedings of 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 2023, 5376\u20135393"},{"key":"50592_CR97","unstructured":"Li Z, Wang X, Zhao J, Yang S, Du G, Hu X, Zhang B, Ye Y, Li Z, Zhao R, Mao H. PET- SQL: a prompt-enhanced two-stage text-to-SQL framework with cross-consistency. 2024, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2403.09732"},{"issue":"7","key":"50592_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197605","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-024-40663-9","volume":"19","author":"Y Mao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mao Y, Ge Y, Fan Y, Xu W, Mi Y, Hu Z, Gao Y. A survey on LoRA of large language models. Frontiers of Computer Science, 2025, 19(7): 197605","journal-title":"Frontiers of Computer Science"},{"issue":"17","key":"50592_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14173489","volume":"14","author":"W Wen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wen W, Zhang Y, Su P, Sun Y, Lu P, Ding C. LR- SQL: a supervised fine-tuning method for Text2SQL tasks under low-resource scenarios. Electronics, 2025, 14(17): 3489","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"50592_CR100","first-page":"658","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence","author":"L S Zettlemoyer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zettlemoyer L S, Collins M. Learning to map sentences to logical form: structured classification with probabilistic categorial grammars. In: Proceedings of the 21st Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence. 2005, 658\u2013666"},{"key":"50592_CR101","unstructured":"Zhong V, Xiong C, Socher R. Seq2SQL: generating structured queries from natural language using reinforcement learning. 2017, arXiv preprint arXiv: 1709.00103"},{"key":"50592_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2022.emnlp-main.39","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"T Xie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xie T, Wu C H, Shi P, Zhong R, Scholak T, Yasunaga M, Wu C S, Zhong M, Yin P, Wang S I, Zhong V, Wang B, Li C, Boyle C, Ni A, Yao Z, Radev D, Xiong C, Kong L, Zhang R, Smith N A, Zettlemoyer L, Yu T. UnifiedSKG: unifying and multi-tasking structured knowledge grounding with text-to-text language models. In: Proceedings of 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 2022, 602\u2013631"},{"key":"50592_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1109\/SLT54892.2023.10023434","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2022 IEEE Spoken Language Technology WorkshopE","author":"L Zeng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeng L, Parthasarathi S H K, Hakkani-Tur D. N-best hypotheses reranking for text-to-SQL systems. In: Proceedings of 2022 IEEE Spoken Language Technology WorkshopE. 2023, 663\u2013670"},{"issue":"12","key":"50592_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1912613","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-025-50480-3","volume":"19","author":"S Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei S, Tong Y, Zhou Z, Xu Y, Gao J, Wei T, He T, Lv W. Federated reasoning LLMs: a survey. Frontiers of Computer Science, 2025, 19(12): 1912613","journal-title":"Frontiers of Computer Science"},{"key":"50592_CR105","unstructured":"Talaei S, Pourreza M, Chang Y C, Mirhoseini A, Saberi A. CHESS: contextual harnessing for efficient SQL synthesis. 2024, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2405.16755"},{"issue":"3","key":"50592_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1145\/3654930","volume":"2","author":"H Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li H, Zhang J, Liu H, Fan J, Zhang X, Zhu J, Wei R, Pan H, Li C, Chen H. CodeS: towards building open-source language models for text-to-SQL. Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data, 2024, 2(3): 127","journal-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Management of Data"},{"issue":"5","key":"50592_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.14778\/3641204.3641221","volume":"17","author":"D Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao D, Wang H, Li Y, Sun X, Qian Y, Ding B, Zhou J. Text-to-SQL empowered by large language models: a benchmark evaluation. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2024, 17(5): 1132\u20131145","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"50592_CR108","first-page":"93","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2024 International Conference on Management of Data","author":"C Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang C, Mao Y, Fan Y, Mi Y, Gao Y, Chen L, Lou D, Lin J. FinSQL: model-agnostic llms-based text-to-SQL framework for financial analysis. In: Proceedings of 2024 International Conference on Management of Data. 2024, 93\u2013105"},{"key":"50592_CR109","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Proceedings of A Workshop Held at Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania","author":"P J Price","year":"1990","unstructured":"Price P J. Evaluation of spoken language systems: the ATIS domain. In: Proceedings of A Workshop Held at Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania. 1990, 91\u201395"},{"key":"50592_CR110","first-page":"133","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2000 Joint SIGDAT Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora","author":"L R Tang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tang L R, Mooney R J. Automated construction of database interfaces: Intergrating statistical and relational learning for semantic parsing. In: Proceedings of 2000 Joint SIGDAT Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and Very Large Corpora. 2000, 133\u2013141"},{"key":"50592_CR111","first-page":"466","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Machine Learning","author":"L R Tang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tang L R, Mooney R J. Using multiple clause constructors in inductive logic programming for semantic parsing. In: Proceedings of the 12th European Conference on Machine Learning. 2001, 466\u2013477"},{"key":"50592_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P17-1089","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"S Iyer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iyer S, Konstas I, Cheung A, Krishnamurthy J, Zettlemoyer L. Learning a neural semantic parser from user feedback. In: Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2017, 963\u2013973"},{"key":"50592_CR113","unstructured":"Utama P A, Weir N, Basik F, Binnig C, \u00c7etintemel U, H\u00e4ttasch B, Ilkhechi A, Ramaswamy S, Usta A. An end-to-end neural natural language interface for databases. 2018, arXiv preprint arXiv: 1804.00401"},{"key":"50592_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-1033","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"C Finegan-Dollak","year":"2018","unstructured":"Finegan-Dollak C, Kummerfeld J K, Zhang L, Ramanathan K, Sadasivam S, Zhang R, Radev D. Improving text-to-SQL evaluation methodology. In: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2018, 351\u2013360"},{"key":"50592_CR115","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Learning Representations","author":"F Lei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lei F, Chen J, Ye Y, Cao R, Shin D, Su H, Suo Z, Gao H, Hu W, Yin P, Zhong V, Xiong C, Sun R, Liu Q, Wang S, Yu T. Spider 2.0: evaluating language models on real-world enterprise text-to-SQL workflows. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Learning Representations. 2025, 1\u201345"},{"key":"50592_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3973","DOI":"10.1145\/3511808.3557703","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management","author":"A Guo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guo A, Li X, Xiao G, Tan Z, Zhao X. SpCQL: a semantic parsing dataset for converting natural language into cypher. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM International Conference on Information & Knowledge Management. 2022, 3973\u20133977"},{"issue":"1","key":"50592_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.13053\/cys-24-1-3313","volume":"24","author":"R A Pazos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pazos R A, Mart\u00ednez J A, Gonz\u00e1lez J J, Ver\u00e1stegui A A. Algorithm for processing queries that involve Boolean columns for a natural language interface to databases. Computaci\u00f3n Y Sistemas, 2020, 24(1): 61\u201374","journal-title":"Computaci\u00f3n Y Sistemas"},{"key":"50592_CR118","first-page":"43","volume":"62","author":"R A Pazos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pazos R A, Mart\u00ednez J A, Aguirre A G. Processing natural language queries via a natural language interface to databases with design anomalies. Polibits, 2020, 62: 43\u201350","journal-title":"Polibits"},{"key":"50592_CR119","first-page":"703","volume-title":"Intuitionistic and Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Enhancements in Neural and Optimization Algorithms: Theory and Applications","author":"G Sidorov","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sidorov G, Pazos R A, Mart\u00ednez J A, Carpio J M, Aguirre A G. Configuration module for treating design anomalies in databases for a natural language interface to databases. In: Intuitionistic and Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Enhancements in Neural and Optimization Algorithms: Theory and Applications. 2020, 703\u2013714"},{"key":"50592_CR120","first-page":"401","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2012 COLING: Posters","author":"A Giordani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giordani A, Moschitti A. Translating questions to SQL queries with generative parsers discriminatively reranked. In: Proceedings of 2012 COLING: Posters. 2012, 401\u2013410"},{"issue":"1","key":"50592_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10707-023-00496-3","volume":"28","author":"W Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang W, Li J, Ku W S, Wang H. Multilingual spatial domain natural language interface to databases. GeoInformatica, 2024, 28(1): 29\u201352","journal-title":"GeoInformatica"},{"issue":"12","key":"50592_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.14778\/3229863.3236241","volume":"11","author":"D Deutch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deutch D, Frost N, Gilad A, Haimovich T. NLproveNAns: natural language provenance for non-answers. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2018, 11(12): 1986\u20131989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"50592_CR123","first-page":"374","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Data Engineering","author":"C Baik","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baik C, Jagadish H V, Li Y. Bridging the semantic gap with SQL query logs in natural language interfaces to databases. In: Proceedings of the 35th International Conference on Data Engineering. 2019, 374\u2013385"},{"issue":"5","key":"50592_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.14778\/3446095.3446103","volume":"14","author":"A Usta","year":"2021","unstructured":"Usta A, Karakayali A, Ulusoy \u00d6. DBTagger: multi-task learning for keyword mapping in NLIDBs using bi-directional recurrent neural networks. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2021, 14(5): 813\u2013821","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"50592_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P18-1124","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"I Gur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gur I, Yavuz S, Su Y, Yan X. DialSQL: dialogue based structured query generation. In: Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2018, 1339\u20131349"},{"key":"50592_CR126","first-page":"588","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers)","author":"T Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu T, Li Z, Zhang Z, Zhang R, Radev D. TypeSQL: knowledge-based type-aware neural text-to-SQL generation. In: Proceedings of 2018 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Short Papers). 2018, 588\u2013594"},{"key":"50592_CR127","first-page":"5447","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP)","author":"Z Yao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yao Z, Su Y, Sun H, Yih W T. Model-based interactive semantic parsing: a unified framework and A text-to-SQL case study. In: Proceedings of 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019, 5447\u20135458"},{"key":"50592_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6651","DOI":"10.1109\/CAC51589.2020.9326898","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2020 Chinese Automation Congress","author":"J Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu J, Cui Q, Cao H, Shi T, Zhou M. Auto- conversion from natural language to structured query language using neural networks embedded with pre-training and fine-tuning mechanism. In: Proceedings of 2020 Chinese Automation Congress. 2020, 6651\u20136654"},{"issue":"6","key":"50592_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.14778\/3583140.3583165","volume":"16","author":"H Fu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fu H, Liu C, Wu B, Li F, Tan J, Sun J. CatSQL: towards real world natural language to SQL applications. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2023, 16(6): 1534\u20131547","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"50592_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11067","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.acl-long.620","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)","author":"R Giaquinto","year":"2023","unstructured":"Giaquinto R, Zhang D, Kleiner B, Li Y, Tan M, Bhatia P, Nallapati R, Ma X. Multitask pretraining with structured knowledge for text-to-SQL generation. In: Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2023, 11067\u201311083"},{"key":"50592_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11647","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-acl.740","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023","author":"S Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun S, Gao Y, Zhang Y, Su J, Chen B, Lin Y, Sun S. An exploratory study on model compression for text-to-SQL. In: Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023. 2023, 11647\u201311654"},{"key":"50592_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4524","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1444","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"J Guo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guo J, Zhan Z, Gao Y, Xiao Y, Lou J G, Liu T, Zhang D. Towards complex text-to-sql in cross-domain database with intermediate representation. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2019, 4524\u20134535"},{"key":"50592_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2021.findings-emnlp.174","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021","author":"Y Gan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gan Y, Chen X, Xie J, Purver M, Woodward J R, Drake J H, Zhang Q. Natural SQL: making SQL easier to infer from natural language specifications. In: Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021. 2021, 2030\u20132042"},{"key":"50592_CR134","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Data Sciences","author":"Y Mellah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mellah Y, Rhouati A, Ettifouri E H, Bouchentouf T, Belkasmi M G. COMBINE: a pipeline for SQL generation from natural language. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Advances in Computing and Data Sciences. 2021, 97\u2013106"},{"key":"50592_CR135","first-page":"643","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering","author":"Y Fan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fan Y, Ren T, Guo D, Zhao Z, He Z, Wang X S, Wang Y, Sui T. An integrated interactive framework for natural language to SQL translation. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering. 2023, 643\u2013658"},{"key":"50592_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1145\/3183713.3193562","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2018 International Conference on Management of Data","author":"F Basik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Basik F, H\u00e4ttasch B, Ilkhechi A, Usta A, Ramaswamy S, Utama P, Weir N, Binnig C, Cetintemel U. DBPal: a learned NL-interface for databases. In: Proceedings of 2018 International Conference on Management of Data. 2018, 1765\u20131768"},{"key":"50592_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1145\/3430984.3431046","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd ACM India Joint International Conference on Data Science & Management of Data (8th ACM IKDD CODS & 26th COMAD)","author":"R Kaoshik","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaoshik R, Patil R, Prakash R, Agarawal S, Jain N, Singh M. ACL-SQL: generating SQL queries from natural language. In: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM India Joint International Conference on Data Science & Management of Data (8th ACM IKDD CODS & 26th COMAD). 2021, 423"},{"key":"50592_CR138","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Industry Track","author":"N P A Vo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vo N P A, Popescu O, Manotas I, Sheinin V. Tackling temporal questions in natural language interface to databases. In: Proceedings of 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing: Industry Track. 2022, 179\u2013187"},{"key":"50592_CR139","first-page":"333","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering","author":"G Koutrika","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koutrika G, Simitsis A, Ioannidis Y E. Explaining structured queries in natural language. In: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering. 2010, 333\u2013344"},{"key":"50592_CR140","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Search, Exploration, and Analysis in Heterogeneous Datastores (SEA-Data 2021) co-located with 47th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB 2021)","author":"S Eleftherakis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eleftherakis S, Gkini O, Koutrika G. Let the database talk back: natural language explanations for SQL. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Search, Exploration, and Analysis in Heterogeneous Datastores (SEA-Data 2021) co-located with 47th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases (VLDB 2021). 2021, 14\u201319"},{"key":"50592_CR141","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2024 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics","author":"V C\u00e2mara","year":"2024","unstructured":"C\u00e2mara V, Mendonca-Neto R, Silva A, Cordovil L. A large language model approach to SQL-to-text generation. In: Proceedings of 2024 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics. 2024, 1\u20134"},{"key":"50592_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1145\/3299869.3300105","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2019 International Conference on Management of Data","author":"N Weir","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weir N, Utama P. Bootstrapping an end-to-end natural language interface for databases. In: Proceedings of 2019 International Conference on Management of Data. 2019, 1862\u20131864"},{"key":"50592_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1145\/3448016.3457261","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2021 International Conference on Management of Data","author":"Y Luo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Luo Y, Tang N, Li G, Chai C, Li W, Qin X. Synthesizing natural language to visualization (NL2VIS) benchmarks from NL2SQL benchmarks. In: Proceedings of 2021 International Conference on Management of Data. 2021, 1235\u20131247"},{"key":"50592_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.findings-acl.86","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023","author":"Y Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu Y, Zhao Y, Jiang J, Lan W, Zhu H, Chauhan A, Li A H, Pan L, Wang J, Hang C W, Zhang S, Guo J, Dong M, Lilien J, Ng P, Wang Z, Castelli V, Xiang B. Importance of synthesizing high-quality data for text-to-SQL parsing. In: Proceedings of the Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: ACL 2023. 2023, 1327\u20131343"},{"issue":"11","key":"50592_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4695","DOI":"10.14778\/3749646.3749723","volume":"18","author":"H Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li H, Wu S, Zhang X, Huang X, Zhang J, Jiang F, Wang S, Zhang T, Chen J, Shi R, Chen H, Li C. OmniSQL: Synthesizing high-quality text-to-SQL data at scale. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2025, 18(11): 4695\u20134709","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"50592_CR146","unstructured":"Li J, Wu T, Mao Y, Gao Y, Feng Y, Liu H. SQL-factory: a multiagent framework for high-quality and large-scale SQL generation. 2025, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2504.14837"},{"key":"50592_CR147","unstructured":"Xu W, Mao Y, Zhang X, Zhang C, Dong X, Zhang M, Gao Y. DAgent: a relational database-driven data analysis report generation agent. 2025, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2503.13269"},{"key":"50592_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2020.emnlp-main.29","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)","author":"R Zhong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhong R, Yu T, Klein D. Semantic evaluation for text-to-sql with distilled test suites. In: Proceedings of 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). 2020, 396\u2013411"},{"issue":"10","key":"50592_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.14778\/3401960.3401970","volume":"13","author":"H Kim","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim H, So B, Han W, Lee H. Natural language to SQL: where are we today? Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2020, 13(10): 1737\u20131750","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"3","key":"50592_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.14778\/3494124.3494139","volume":"15","author":"P Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma P, Wang S. MT- teql: evaluating and augmenting neural NLIDB on real-world linguistic and schema variations. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2021, 15(3): 569\u2013582","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"13","key":"50592_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.14778\/3007263.3007303","volume":"9","author":"D Deutch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deutch D, Frost N, Gilad A. NLProv: natural language provenance. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2016, 9(13): 1537\u20131540","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"5","key":"50592_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.14778\/3055540.3055550","volume":"10","author":"D Deutch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Deutch D, Frost N, Gilad A. Provenance for natural language queries. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2017, 10(5): 577\u2013588","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"issue":"1","key":"50592_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1145\/3277006.3277017","volume":"47","author":"D Deutch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deutch D, Frost N, Gilad A. Natural language explanations for query results. ACM SIGMOD Record, 2018, 47(1): 42\u201349","journal-title":"ACM SIGMOD Record"},{"issue":"1","key":"50592_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1007\/s00778-019-00584-7","volume":"29","author":"D Deutch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deutch D, Frost N, Gilad A. Explaining natural language query results. The VLDB Journal, 2020, 29(1): 485\u2013508","journal-title":"The VLDB Journal"},{"issue":"12","key":"50592_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.14778\/2824032.2824039","volume":"8","author":"D Deutch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deutch D, Gilad A, Moskovitch Y. Selective provenance for datalog programs using top-k queries. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 2015, 8(12): 1394\u20131405","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"50592_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4344","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/2023.emnlp-main.264","volume-title":"Proceedings of 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Zhou Y, Hui B, Liu Y, Li Z, Hu S. TrojanSQL: SQL injection against natural language interface to database. In: Proceedings of 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 2023, 4344\u20134359"},{"key":"50592_CR157","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems","author":"S S Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar S S, Cummings M L, Stimpson A. Strengthening LLM trust boundaries: a survey of prompt injection attacks surender Suresh Kumar Dr. M.L. Cummings Dr. Alexander Stimpson. In: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems. 2024, 1\u20136"},{"key":"50592_CR158","first-page":"80079","volume":"36","author":"A Wei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wei A, Haghtalab N, Steinhardt J. Jailbroken: how does LLM safety training fail? Advances in NeuralInformationProcessing Systems, 2023, 36: 80079\u201380110","journal-title":"Advances in NeuralInformationProcessing Systems"},{"key":"50592_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1145\/3690624.3709179","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.1","author":"J Yi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yi J, Xie Y, Zhu B, Kiciman E, Sun G, Xie X, Wu F. Benchmarking and defending against indirect prompt injection attacks on large language models. In: Proceedings of the 31st ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining V.1. 2025, 1809\u20131820"},{"key":"50592_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1109\/TASLP.2021.3070726","volume":"29","author":"R Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang R, Ling Z, Zhou J, Hu Y. A multiple-integration encoder for multi-turn text-to-SQL semantic parsing. IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, 2021, 29: 1503\u20131513","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing"},{"key":"50592_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4511","DOI":"10.18653\/v1\/P19-1443","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"T Yu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yu T, Zhang R, Yasunaga M, Tan Y C, Lin X V, Li S, Er H, Li I, Pang B, Chen T, Ji E, Dixit S, Proctor D, Shim S, Kraft J, Zhang V, Xiong C, Socher R, Radev D. SParC: cross-domain semantic parsing in context. In: Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2019, 4511\u20134523"}],"container-title":["Frontiers of Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11704-025-50592-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11704-025-50592-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11704-025-50592-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T06:01:50Z","timestamp":1772863310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11704-025-50592-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"references-count":161,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["50592"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11704-025-50592-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-2228","2095-2236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-2228","type":"print"},{"value":"2095-2236","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests or financial conflicts to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2011623"}}