{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T21:10:24Z","timestamp":1769893824927,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769817600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Front. Comput. Sci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-025-50646-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T06:22:11Z","timestamp":1769840531000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Why not transform chat large language models to non-English?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiahuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhejian","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuaijie","family":"She","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaxin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaofeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yinglu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanqing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinglin","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiajun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shujian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"50646_CR1","first-page":"2011","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"L Ouyang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ouyang L, Wu J, Jiang X, Almeida D, Wainwright C L, Mishkin P, Zhang C, Agarwal S, Slama K, Ray A, Schulman J, Hilton J, Kelton F, Miller L, Simens M, Askell A, Welinder P, Christiano P, Leike J, Lowe R. Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback. In: Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. 2022, 2011"},{"key":"50646_CR2","unstructured":"Grattafiori A, Dubey A, Jauhri A, Pandey A, Kadian A, et al. The Llama 3 herd of models. 2024, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2407.21783"},{"key":"50646_CR3","first-page":"7025","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Lee D H, Fang Y, Yu W, Jia M, Jiang M, Barbieri F. PLUG: leveraging pivot language in cross-lingual instruction tuning. In: Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2024, 7025\u20137046"},{"key":"50646_CR4","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Learning Representations","author":"E J Hu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hu E J, Shen Y, Wallis P, Allen-Zhu Z, Li Y, Wang S, Wang L, Chen W. LoRA: low-rank adaptation of large language models. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Learning Representations. 2022"},{"key":"50646_CR5","unstructured":"Zhu W, Lv Y, Dong Q, Yuan F, Xu J, Huang S, Kong L, Chen J, Li L. Extrapolating large language models to non-english by aligning languages. 2023, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2308.04948"},{"key":"50646_CR6","unstructured":"Pipatanakul K, Jirabovonvisut P, Manakul P, Sripaisarnmongkol S, Patomwong R, Chokchainant P, Tharnpipitchai K. Typhoon: Thai large language models. 2023, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2312.13951"},{"key":"50646_CR7","first-page":"15894","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics","author":"A \u00dcst\u00fcn","year":"2024","unstructured":"\u00dcst\u00fcn A, Aryabumi V, Yong Z, Ko W Y, D\u2019souza D, Onilude G, Bhandari N, Singh S, Ooi H L, Kayid A, Vargus F, Blunsom P, Longpre S, Muennighoff N, Fadaee M, Kreutzer J, Hooker S. Aya model: an instruction finetuned open-access multilingual language model. In: Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 2024, 15894\u201315939"},{"key":"50646_CR8","unstructured":"OpenAI. GPT-4 technical report. 2023, arXiv preprint arXiv: 2303.08774"},{"key":"50646_CR9","first-page":"2020","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems","author":"L Zheng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zheng L, Chiang W L, Sheng Y, Zhuang S, Wu Z, Zhuang Y, Lin Z, Li Z, Li D, Xing E P, Zhang H, Gonzalez J E, Stoica I. Judging LLM-as-a-judge with MT-bench and Chatbot arena. In: Proceedings of the 37th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems. 2023, 2020"}],"container-title":["Frontiers of Computer Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11704-025-50646-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11704-025-50646-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11704-025-50646-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T06:22:11Z","timestamp":1769840531000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11704-025-50646-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["50646"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11704-025-50646-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["2095-2228","2095-2236"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2095-2228","type":"print"},{"value":"2095-2236","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests or financial conflicts to disclose.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"2007356"}}