{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T11:19:26Z","timestamp":1774437566642,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,9]],"date-time":"2008-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Swarm Intell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11721-008-0022-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,8]],"date-time":"2008-12-08T19:40:00Z","timestamp":1228765200000},"page":"69-85","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":147,"title":["Multiple objective ant colony optimisation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Angus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Clinton","family":"Woodward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"22_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1109\/MCDM.2007.369110","volume-title":"2007 IEEE symposium on computational intelligence in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM 2007)","author":"D. Angus","year":"2007","unstructured":"Angus, D. (2007). Crowding population-based ant colony optimisation for the multi-objective travelling salesman problem. In 2007 IEEE symposium on computational intelligence in multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM 2007) (pp.\u00a0333\u2013340). New York: IEEE Press."},{"key":"22_CR2","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 21st IASTED international conference on applied informatics","author":"B. Bar\u00e1n","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bar\u00e1n, B., & Schaerer, M. (2003). A multiobjective ant colony system for vehicle routing problem with time windows. In Proceedings of the 21st IASTED international conference on applied informatics (pp.\u00a097\u2013102). Calgary: ACTA Press."},{"key":"22_CR3","series-title":"LNCS","first-page":"25","volume-title":"Proceedings of the AISB workshop on evolutionary computation","author":"G. Bilchev","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bilchev, G., & Parmee, I. C. (1995). The ant colony metaphor for searching continuous design spaces. In T. C.\u00a0Fogarty (Ed.), LNCS : Vol. 993. Proceedings of the AISB workshop on evolutionary computation (pp.\u00a025\u201339). Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"22_CR4","volume-title":"Encuentros de geometr\u00eda computacional","author":"P. Cardoso","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cardoso, P., Jesus, M., & M\u00e1rquez, A. (2003). MONACO\u2014multi-objective network optimisation based on ACO. In F. S.\u00a0Leal & D.\u00a0Orden (Eds.), Encuentros de geometr\u00eda computacional. Santander: Universidad de Cantabria."},{"key":"22_CR5","first-page":"283","volume-title":"Proceedings of the genetic and evolutionary computation conference (GECCO\u20192001)","author":"D. W. Corne","year":"2001","unstructured":"Corne, D. W., Jerram, N. R., Knowles, J. D., & Oates, M. J. (2001). PESA-II: Region-based selection in evolutionary multiobjective optimization. In L.\u00a0Spector, E. D.\u00a0Goodman, A.\u00a0Wu, W.\u00a0Langdon, H. M.\u00a0Voigt, M.\u00a0Gen, S.\u00a0Sen, M.\u00a0Dorigo, S.\u00a0Pezeshk, M. H.\u00a0Garzon, & E.\u00a0Burke (Eds.), Proceedings of the genetic and evolutionary computation conference (GECCO\u20192001) (pp.\u00a0283\u2013290). San Mateo: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"22_CR6","unstructured":"Das, I., & Dennis, J. (1996). A closer look at drawbacks of minimizing weighted sums of objectives for Pareto set generation in multicriteria optimization problems (Technical Report 96\u201336). Houston: Rice University, Dept. Of Computational and Applied Mathematics."},{"key":"22_CR7","series-title":"Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms","volume-title":"Wiley-Interscience series in systems and optimization","author":"K. Deb","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deb, K. (2002). Wiley-Interscience series in systems and optimization. Multi-objective optimization using evolutionary algorithms (2nd ed.). New York: Wiley.","edition":"2"},{"key":"22_CR8","series-title":"LNCS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45356-3_83","volume-title":"Parallel problem solving from nature (PPSN VI)","author":"K. Deb","year":"2000","unstructured":"Deb, K., Agrawal, S., Pratap, A., & Meyarivan, T. (2000). A fast elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization: NSGA-II. In M.\u00a0Schoenauer, K.\u00a0Deb, G.\u00a0Rudolph, X.\u00a0Yao, E.\u00a0Lutton, J. J.\u00a0Merelo, & H. P.\u00a0Schwefel (Eds.), LNCS : Vol. 1917. Parallel problem solving from nature (PPSN VI) (pp.\u00a0849\u2013858). Berlin: Springer."},{"issue":"2","key":"22_CR9","first-page":"115","volume":"11","author":"K. Doerner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Doerner, K., Hartl, R., & Teimann, M. (2003). Are COMPETants more competent for problem solving? The case of full truckload transportation. Central European Journal of Operations Research (CEJOR), 11(2), 115\u2013141.","journal-title":"Central European Journal of Operations Research (CEJOR)"},{"issue":"14","key":"22_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ANOR.0000039513.99038.c6","volume":"131","author":"K. Doerner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Doerner, K., Gutjahr, W. J., Hartl, R. F., Strauss, C., & Stummer, C. (2004). Pareto ant colony optimization: A\u00a0metaheuristic approach to multiobjective portfolio selection. Annals of Operations Research, 131(14), 79\u201399.","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"key":"22_CR11","first-page":"11","volume-title":"New ideas in optimisation","author":"M. Dorigo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dorigo, M., & Di Caro, G. (1999). The ant colony optimization meta-heuristic. In D.\u00a0Corne, M.\u00a0Dorigo, & F.\u00a0Glover (Eds.), New ideas in optimisation (pp.\u00a011\u201332). London: McGraw-Hill."},{"key":"22_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-2647(97)01708-5","volume":"43","author":"M. Dorigo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dorigo, M., & Gambardella, L. (1997). Ant colonies for the traveling salesman problem. Biosystems, 43, 73\u201381.","journal-title":"Biosystems"},{"key":"22_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/b99492","volume-title":"Ant colony optimization","author":"M. Dorigo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dorigo, M., & St\u00fctzle, T. (2004). Ant colony optimization. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"key":"22_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1162\/106454699568728","volume":"5","author":"M. Dorigo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dorigo, M., Di Caro, G., & Gambardella, L. M. (1999). Ant algorithms for discrete optimization. Artificial Life, 5, 137\u2013172.","journal-title":"Artificial Life"},{"key":"22_CR15","series-title":"LNCS","first-page":"584","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th international conference on parallel problem solving from nature (PPSN IV)","author":"C. M. Fonseca","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fonseca, C. M., & Fleming, P. J. (1996). On the performance assessment and comparison of stochastic multiobjective optimizers. In H. M.\u00a0Voigt, W.\u00a0Ebeling, I.\u00a0Rechenberg, & H. P.\u00a0Schwefel (Eds.), LNCS : Vol.\u00a01141. Proceedings of the 4th international conference on parallel problem solving from nature (PPSN IV) (pp.\u00a0584\u2013593). Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"22_CR16","first-page":"63","volume-title":"New ideas in optimisation","author":"L. M. Gambardella","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gambardella, L. M., Taillard, E., & Agazzi, G. (1999). MACS-VRPTW: A multiple ant colony system for vehicle routing problems with time windows. In D.\u00a0Corne, M.\u00a0Dorigo, & F.\u00a0Glover (Eds.), New ideas in optimisation (pp.\u00a063\u201376). London: McGraw-Hill."},{"issue":"1","key":"22_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2006.03.041","volume":"180","author":"C. Garc\u00eca-Mart\u00ednez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garc\u00eca-Mart\u00ednez, C., Cord\u00f3n, O., & Herrera, F. (2007). A taxonomy and an empirical analysis of multiple objective ant colony optimization algorithms for bi-criteria TSP. European Journal of Operational Research, 180(1), 116\u2013148.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"22_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(01)00329-0","volume":"143","author":"M. Gravel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gravel, M., Price, W. L., & Gagn\u00e9, C. (2002). Scheduling continuous casting of aluminum using a multiple-objective ant colony optimization metaheuristic. European Journal of Operations Research, 143(1), 218\u2013229.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operations Research"},{"key":"22_CR19","unstructured":"Guntsch, M. (2004). Ant algorithms in stochastic and multi-criteria environments. Ph.D. thesis, Universit\u00e4t Fridericiana zu Karlsruhe, Germany."},{"key":"22_CR20","series-title":"LNCS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36970-8_33","volume-title":"Proceedings of the second international conference on evolutionary multi-criterion optimization (EMO 2003)","author":"M. Guntsch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Guntsch, M., & Middendorf, M. (2003). Solving multi-criteria optimization problems with population-based ACO. In G.\u00a0Goos, J.\u00a0Hartmanis, & J. van\u00a0Leeuwen (Eds.), LNCS : Vol. 2632. Proceedings of the second international conference on evolutionary multi-criterion optimization (EMO 2003) (pp.\u00a0464\u2013478). Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"22_CR21","series-title":"IEEE world congress on computational intelligence","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Proceedings of the first IEEE conference on evolutionary computation","author":"J. Horn","year":"1994","unstructured":"Horn, J., Nafpliotis, N., & Goldberg, D. E. (1994). A niched Pareto genetic algorithm for multiobjective optimization. In IEEE world congress on computational intelligence : Vol. 1. Proceedings of the first IEEE conference on evolutionary computation (pp.\u00a082\u201387). New York: IEEE Press."},{"key":"22_CR22","series-title":"Lecture notes in economics and mathematical systems","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-45511-7","volume-title":"Multiple objective decision making, methods and applications: a state-of-the-art survey","author":"C. L. Hwang","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hwang, C. L., & Masud, A. S. M. (1979). Lecture notes in economics and mathematical systems: Vol.\u00a0164. Multiple objective decision making, methods and applications: a state-of-the-art survey. Heidelberg: Springer."},{"key":"22_CR23","series-title":"LNCS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44719-9_25","volume-title":"First international conference on evolutionary multi-criterion optimization","author":"S. Iredi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Iredi, S., Merkle, D., & Middendorf, M. (2001). Bi-criterion optimization with multi colony ant algorithms. In E.\u00a0Zitzler, K.\u00a0Deb, L.\u00a0Thiele, C. C.\u00a0Coello, & D.\u00a0Corne (Eds.), LNCS : Vol. 1993. First international conference on evolutionary multi-criterion optimization (pp.\u00a0359\u2013372). Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"22_CR24","first-page":"552","volume-title":"ISDA \u201905: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on intelligent systems design and applications","author":"J. Knowles","year":"2005","unstructured":"Knowles, J. (2005). A summary-attainment-surface plotting method for visualizing the performance of stochastic multiobjective optimizers. In H.\u00a0Kwasnicka & M.\u00a0Paprzycki (Eds.), ISDA \u201905: Proceedings of the 5th international conference on intelligent systems design and applications (pp.\u00a0552\u2013557). Los Alamitos: IEEE Computer Society."},{"issue":"2","key":"22_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1162\/106365600568167","volume":"8","author":"J. D. Knowles","year":"2000","unstructured":"Knowles, J. D., & Corne, D. W. (2000). Approximating the nondominated front using the Pareto archived evolution strategy. Evolutionary Computation, 8(2), 149\u2013172.","journal-title":"Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"22_CR26","unstructured":"Knowles, J. D., Thiele, L., & Zitzler, E. (2006) A tutorial on the performance assessment of stochastic multiobjective optimizers (Technical Report TIK Report No.\u00a0214). Switzerland: Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory, ETH Zurich."},{"key":"22_CR27","series-title":"LNCS","first-page":"214","volume-title":"ANTS\u20192004, Fourth international workshop on ant algorithms and swarm intelligence","author":"M. L\u00f3pez-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2004","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, M., Paquete, L., & St\u00fctzle, T. (2004). On the design of ACO for the biobjective quadratic assignment problem. In M.\u00a0Dorigo, M.\u00a0Birattari, C.\u00a0Blum, L. M.\u00a0Gambardella, F.\u00a0Mondada, & T.\u00a0St\u00fctzle (Eds.), LNCS : Vol. 3172. ANTS\u20192004, Fourth international workshop on ant algorithms and swarm intelligence (pp.\u00a0214\u2013225). Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"22_CR28","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Proceedings of the third metaheuristics international conference (MIC\u201999)","author":"V. Maniezzo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Maniezzo, V., & Carbonaro, A. (1999). Ant colony optimization: an overview. In P.\u00a0Hansen & C.\u00a0Ribeiro (Eds.), Proceedings of the third metaheuristics international conference (MIC\u201999) (pp.\u00a021\u201344). Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic."},{"issue":"3","key":"22_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-1810(01)00004-8","volume":"15","author":"P. R. McMullen","year":"2001","unstructured":"McMullen, P. R. (2001). An ant colony optimization approach to addressing a JIT sequencing problem with multiple objectives. Artificial Intelligence in Engineering, 15(3), 309\u2013317.","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence in Engineering"},{"key":"22_CR30","series-title":"LNCS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-36970-8_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the second international evolutionary multi-criterion optimization conference (EMO 2003)","author":"R. C. Purshouse","year":"2003","unstructured":"Purshouse, R. C., & Fleming, P. J. (2003). Conflict, harmony, and independence: Relationships in evolutionary multi-criterion optimisation. In C. M.\u00a0Fonseca, P. J.\u00a0Fleming, E.\u00a0Zitzler, K.\u00a0Deb, & L.\u00a0Thiele (Eds.), LNCS : Vol. 2632. Proceedings of the second international evolutionary multi-criterion optimization conference (EMO 2003) (pp.\u00a016\u201330). Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"22_CR31","first-page":"894","volume-title":"Genetic and evolutionary computing conference (GECCO 99)","author":"C. E. M. Romero","year":"1999","unstructured":"Romero, C. E. M., & Manzanares, E. M. (1999). MOAQ an Ant-Q algorithm for multiple objective optimization problems. In W.\u00a0Banzhaf, J.\u00a0Daida, A. E.\u00a0Eiben, M. H.\u00a0Garzon, V.\u00a0Honavar, M.\u00a0Jakiela, & R. E.\u00a0Smith (Eds.), Genetic and evolutionary computing conference (GECCO 99) (Vol.\u00a01, pp. 894\u2013901). San Mateo: Morgan Kaufmann."},{"issue":"6","key":"22_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.499","volume":"18","author":"P. S. Shelokar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shelokar, P. S., Jayaraman, V. K., & Kulkarni, B. D. (2002). Ant algorithm for single and multiobjective reliability optimization problems. Quality and Reliability Engineering International, 18(6), 497\u2013514.","journal-title":"Quality and Reliability Engineering International"},{"issue":"3","key":"22_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2006.06.046","volume":"185","author":"K. Socha","year":"2008","unstructured":"Socha, K., & Dorigo, M. (2008). Ant colony optimization for continuous domains. European Journal of Operations Research, 185(3), 1155\u20131173.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operations Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"22_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1162\/evco.1994.2.3.221","volume":"2","author":"N. Srinivas","year":"1994","unstructured":"Srinivas, N., & Deb, K. (1994). Multiobjective optimization using nondominated sorting in genetic algorithms. Evolutionary Computation, 2(3), 221\u2013248.","journal-title":"Evolutionary Computation"},{"issue":"8","key":"22_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-739X(00)00043-1","volume":"16","author":"T. St\u00fctzle","year":"2000","unstructured":"St\u00fctzle, T., & Hoos, H. (2000). $\\mathcal{MAX}$ \u2013 $\\mathcal{MIN}$ ant system. Future Generation Computer Systems, 16(8), 889\u2013914.","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"issue":"2","key":"22_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S0377-2217(02)00265-5","volume":"142","author":"V. T\u2019kindt","year":"2002","unstructured":"T\u2019kindt, V., Monmarch\u00e9, N., Tercinet, F., & La\u00fcgt, D. (2002). An ant colony optimization algorithm to solve a 2-machine bicriteria flowshop scheduling problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 142(2), 250\u2013257.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"22_CR37","unstructured":"Van\u00a0Veldhuizen, D. A. (1999) Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: classifications, analyses, and new innovations. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Graduate School of Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH."},{"key":"22_CR38","series-title":"LNCS","first-page":"832","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 8th international conference on parallel problem solving from nature (PPSN VIII)","author":"E. Zitzler","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zitzler, E., & K\u00fcnzli, S. (2004). Indicator-based selection in multiobjective search. In X.\u00a0Yao, E.\u00a0Burke, J.\u00a0A.\u00a0Lozano, J.\u00a0Smith, & J.\u00a0J.\u00a0Merelo-Guervos (Eds.), LNCS : Vol.\u00a03242. Proceedings of the 8th international conference on parallel problem solving from nature (PPSN VIII) (pp. 832\u2013842). Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"22_CR39","unstructured":"Zitzler, E., Laumanns, M., & Thiele, L. (2002) SPEA2: Improving the strength Pareto evolutionary algorithm. In: K.\u00a0Giannakoglou, D.\u00a0Tsahalis, J.\u00a0Periaux, P.\u00a0Papailou, T.\u00a0Fogarty (Eds.), EUROGEN 2001, evolutionary methods for design, optimization and control with applications to industrial problems, international center for numerical methods in engineering (CIMNE), Barcelona, Spain (pp.\u00a095\u2013100)."},{"issue":"2","key":"22_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2003.810758","volume":"7","author":"E. Zitzler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zitzler, E., Thiele, L., Laumanns, M., Fonseca, C., & Fonseca, V. (2003). Performance assessment of multiobjective optimizers: an analysis and review. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 7(2), 117\u2013132.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"22_CR41","series-title":"LNCS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-70928-2_64","volume-title":"Proceedings of the forth international evolutionary multi-criterion optimization conference (EMO 2007)","author":"E. Zitzler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zitzler, E., Brockhoff, D., & Thiele, L. (2007). The hypervolume indicator revisited: On the design of Pareto-compliant indicators via weighted integration. In S.\u00a0Obayashi, K.\u00a0Deb, C.\u00a0Poloni, T.\u00a0Hiroyasu, & T.\u00a0Murata (Eds.), LNCS : Vol. 4403. Proceedings of the forth international evolutionary multi-criterion optimization conference (EMO 2007) (pp. 862\u2013876). Berlin: Springer."}],"container-title":["Swarm Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11721-008-0022-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11721-008-0022-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11721-008-0022-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T15:27:24Z","timestamp":1559575644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11721-008-0022-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,9]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["22"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11721-008-0022-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-3812","1935-3820"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-3812","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-3820","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,9]]}}}