{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T01:18:53Z","timestamp":1773883133554,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]],"date-time":"2009-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242345600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Swarm Intell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11721-009-0029-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,14]],"date-time":"2009-05-14T11:25:36Z","timestamp":1242300336000},"page":"179-201","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Metaheuristics for the bi-objective orienteering problem"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Schilde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Karl F.","family":"Doerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard F.","family":"Hartl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Guenter","family":"Kiechle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s10732-006-9004-0","volume":"13","author":"C. Archetti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Archetti, C., Hertz, A., & Speranza, M. G. (2007). Metaheuristics for the team orienteering problem. Journal of Heuristics, 13(1), 49\u201376.","journal-title":"Journal of Heuristics"},{"issue":"3","key":"29_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(95)00035-6","volume":"88","author":"I.-M. Chao","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chao, I.-M., Golden, B. L., & Wasil, E. A. (1996a). A fast and effective heuristic for the orienteering problem. European Journal of Operations Research, 88(3), 475\u2013489.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operations Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"29_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-2217(94)00289-4","volume":"88","author":"I.-M. Chao","year":"1996","unstructured":"Chao, I.-M., Golden, B. L., & Wasil, E. A. (1996b). The team orienteering problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 88(3), 464\u2013474.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"29_CR4","series-title":"Genetic algorithms and evolutionary computation","first-page":"88","volume-title":"Evolutionary algorithms for solving multi-objective problems","author":"C. A. Coello Coello","year":"2007","unstructured":"Coello Coello, C. A., Van Veldhuizen, D. A., & Lamont, G. B. (2007). Evolutionary algorithms for solving multi-objective problems (2nd ed.). Genetic algorithms and evolutionary computation (Vol. 5, pp. 88\u2013113) New York: Springer. Chap. 2","edition":"2"},{"issue":"6","key":"29_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.6.6.791","volume":"6","author":"G. A. Croes","year":"1958","unstructured":"Croes, G. A. (1958). A method for solving traveling-salesman problems. Operations Research, 6(6), 791\u2013812.","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR6","first-page":"177","volume":"25","author":"P. Czyzak","year":"1996","unstructured":"Czyzak, P., & Jaszkiewicz, A. (1996). A multiobjective metaheuristic approach to the localization of a chain of petrol stations by the capital budgeting model. Control and Cybernetics, 25(1), 177\u2013187.","journal-title":"Control and Cybernetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"29_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017","volume":"6","author":"K. Deb","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S., & Meyarivan, T. (2002). A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 6(2), 182\u2013197.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1023\/B:ANOR.0000039513.99038.c6","volume":"131","author":"K. F. Doerner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Doerner, K. F., Gutjahr, W. J., Hartl, R. F., Strauss, C., & Stummer, C. (2004). Pareto ant colony optimization: A metaheuristic approach to multiobjective portfolio selection. Annals of Operations Research, 131(1), 79\u201399.","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"29_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2006.05.001","volume":"36","author":"K. F. Doerner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Doerner, K. F., Gutjahr, W. J., Hartl, R. F., Strauss, C., & Stummer, C. (2006a). Nature-inspired metaheuristics for multiobjective activity crashing. Omega, 36(6), 1019\u20131037.","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"3","key":"29_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2004.09.009","volume":"171","author":"K. F. Doerner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Doerner, K. F., Gutjahr, W. J., Hartl, R. F., Strauss, C., & Stummer, C. (2006b). Pareto ant colony optimization in multiobjective project portfolio selection with ilp preprocessing. European Journal of Operations Research, 171(3), 830\u2013841.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operations Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"29_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2005.10.067","volume":"179","author":"K. F. Doerner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doerner, K. F., Focke, A., & Gutjahr, W. J. (2007). Multicriteria tour planning for mobile healthcare facilities in a developing country. European Journal of Operational Research, 179(3), 1078\u20131096.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"29_CR12","first-page":"11","volume-title":"New ideas in optimization","author":"M. Dorigo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dorigo, M., & Di Caro, G. (1999). The ant colony optimization meta-heuristic. In D. Corne, M. Dorigo, & F. Glover (Eds.), New ideas in optimization (pp. 11\u201332). London: McGraw-Hill. Chap. 2."},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585892","volume":"1","author":"M. Dorigo","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dorigo, M., & Gambardella, L. M. (1997). Ant colony system: A cooperative learning approach to the travelling salesman problem. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 1(1), 53\u201366.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"key":"29_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/b99492","volume-title":"Ant colony optimization","author":"M. Dorigo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dorigo, M., & Stuetzle, T. (2004). Ant colony optimization. Cambridge: MIT Press."},{"issue":"4","key":"29_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s002910000046","volume":"22","author":"M. Ehrgott","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ehrgott, M., & Gandibleux, X. (2000). A survey and annotated bibliography of multiobjective combinatorial optimization. OR Spektrum, 22(4), 425\u2013460.","journal-title":"OR Spektrum"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02578918","volume":"12","author":"M. Ehrgott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ehrgott, M., & Gandibleux, X. (2004). Approximative solution methods for multiobjective combinatorial optimization. TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, 12(1), 1\u201363.","journal-title":"TOP: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"29_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.1030.0079","volume":"39","author":"D. Feillet","year":"2005","unstructured":"Feillet, D., Dejax, P., & Gendreau, M. (2005). Travelling salesman problems with profits. Transportation Science, 39(2), 188\u2013205.","journal-title":"Transportation Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2006.03.041","volume":"180","author":"C. Garcia-Martinez","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garcia-Martinez, C., Cordon, O., & Herrera, F. (2007). A taxonomy and an empirical analysis of multiple objective ant colony optimization algorithms for bi-criteria TSP. European Journal of Operational Research, 180(1), 116\u2013148.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"29_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-6089-0","volume-title":"Tabu search","author":"F. Glover","year":"1997","unstructured":"Glover, F., & Laguna, M. (1997). Tabu search. Norwell: Kluwer Academic."},{"key":"29_CR20","series-title":"International series in operations research and management science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/b101874","volume-title":"Handbook of Metaheuristics","author":"F. Glover","year":"2003","unstructured":"Glover, F., Laguna, M., & Mart\u00ed, R. (2003). Scatter search and path relinking: Advances and applications. In F. Glover & G. A. Kochenberger (Eds.), International series in operations research and management science : Vol. 57. Handbook of Metaheuristics (pp. 1\u201335). New York: Springer."},{"key":"29_CR21","series-title":"Lecture notes in computer science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44719-9_15","volume-title":"First International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization","author":"V. Grunert da Fonseca","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grunert da Fonseca, V., Fonseca, C. M., & Hall, A. O. (2001). Inferential performance assessment of stochastic optimisers and the attainment function. In E. Zitzler, K. Deb, L. Thiele, C. A. Coello, & D. Corne (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science : Vol. 1993. First International Conference on Evolutionary Multi-Criterion Optimization (pp. 213\u2013225). New York: Springer."},{"key":"29_CR22","unstructured":"Hansen, M. P., & Jaszkiewicz, A. (1998). Evaluating the quality of approximations to the non-dominated set (Technical Report IMM-REP-1998-7). Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark."},{"issue":"2","key":"29_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10852-008-9080-2","volume":"7","author":"N. Jozefowiez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jozefowiez, N., Glover, F., & Laguna, M. (2008). Multi-objective meta-heuristics for the traveling salesman problem with profits. Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms, 7(2), 177\u2013195.","journal-title":"Journal of Mathematical Modelling and Algorithms"},{"key":"29_CR24","first-page":"311","volume-title":"Local search in combinatorial optimization","author":"G. A. P. Kindervater","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kindervater, G. A. P., & Savelsbergh, M. W. P. (1997). Vehicle routing: Handling edge exchanges. In E. Aarts & J. K. Lenstra (Eds.), Local search in combinatorial optimization (pp. 311\u2013336). Chichester: Wiley."},{"key":"29_CR25","unstructured":"Knowles, J. D., Thiele, L., & Zitzler, E. (2006). A tutorial on the performance assessment of stochastic multiobjective optimizers (Technical Report 214). Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory (TIK), ETH Zurich, Switzerland, February 2006."},{"key":"29_CR26","unstructured":"Mladenovi\u0107, N. (1995). A variable neighborhood algorithm: A new metaheuristic for combinatorial optimization. In Abstract of papers presented at Optimization Days, p. 112, Montr\u00e9al, Canada, 1995."},{"issue":"11","key":"29_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/S0305-0548(97)00031-2","volume":"24","author":"N. Mladenovi\u0107","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mladenovi\u0107, N., & Hansen, P. (1997). Variable neighborhood search. Computers and Operations Research, 24(11), 1097\u20131100.","journal-title":"Computers and Operations Research"},{"key":"29_CR28","series-title":"Lecture notes in computer science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/11839088_26","volume-title":"Ant colony optimization and swarm intelligence","author":"J. M. Pasia","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pasia, J. M., Hartl, R. F., & Doerner, K. F. (2006). Solving a bi-objective flowshop scheduling problem by Pareto-ant colony optimization. In M. Dorigo, L. M. Gambardella, M. Birattari, A. Martinoli, R. Poli, & T. St\u00fctzle (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science : Vol. 4150. Ant colony optimization and swarm intelligence (pp. 294\u2013305). Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"29_CR29","series-title":"Lecture notes in computer science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-70928-2_39","volume-title":"Evolutionary multi-criterion optimization","author":"J. M. Pasia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pasia, J. M., Gandibleux, X., Hartl, R. F., & Doerner, K. F. (2007). Local search guided by path relinking and heuristic bounds. In S. Obayashi, K. Deb, C. Poloni, T. Hiroyasu, & T. Murata (Eds.), Lecture notes in computer science : Vol. 4403. Evolutionary multi-criterion optimization (pp. 501\u2013515). Berlin: Springer."},{"key":"29_CR30","unstructured":"Schott, J. R. (1995). Fault tolerant design using single and multicriteria genetic algorithm optimization. Master\u2019s thesis, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, MIT, Cambridge, MA."},{"key":"29_CR31","unstructured":"Souffriau, W., Vansteenwegen, P., Vanden Berghe, G., & Van Oudheusden, D. (2008). A greedy randomised adaptive search procedure for the team orienteering problem. In EU\/MEeting 2008, Troyes, France, October 23\u201324, 2008."},{"issue":"3","key":"29_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1360(199609)5:3<195::AID-MCDA81>3.0.CO;2-D","volume":"5","author":"R. E. Steuer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Steuer, R. E., Gardiner, L. R., & Gray, J. (1996). A bibliographic survey of the activities and international nature of multiple criteria decision making. Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis, 5(3), 195\u2013217.","journal-title":"Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis"},{"issue":"9","key":"29_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.1984.162","volume":"35","author":"T. Tsiligirides","year":"1984","unstructured":"Tsiligirides, T. (1984). Heuristic methods applied to orienteering. The Journal of the Operational Research Society, 35(9), 797\u2013809.","journal-title":"The Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"29_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2008.02.037","volume":"196","author":"P. Vansteenwegen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Vansteenwegen, P., Souffriau, W., Vanden Berghe, G., & Van Oudheusden, D. (2009). A guided local search metaheuristic for the team orienteering problem. European Journal of Operational Research, 196(1), 118\u2013127.","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"29_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.797969","volume":"3","author":"E. Zitzler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zitzler, E., & Thiele, L. (1999). Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: A comparative case study and the strength Pareto approach. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 3(4), 257\u2013271.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"},{"issue":"2","key":"29_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2003.810758","volume":"7","author":"E. Zitzler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zitzler, E., Thiele, L., Laumanns, M., Fonseca, C. M., & Grunert da Fonseca, V. (2003). Performance assessment of multiobjective optimizers: An analysis and review. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 7(2), 117\u2013132.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation"}],"container-title":["Swarm Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11721-009-0029-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11721-009-0029-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11721-009-0029-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T11:27:25Z","timestamp":1559561245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11721-009-0029-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["29"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11721-009-0029-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1935-3812","1935-3820"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1935-3812","type":"print"},{"value":"1935-3820","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,15]]}}}