{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T16:15:36Z","timestamp":1774541736532,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018258","name":"Southern Methodist University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018258","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Swarm Intell"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Small-scale magnetic robots that can assemble, disassemble, and propel under globally applied magnetic fields can be versatile modular subunits for manufacturing and\n                    <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    operations. This paper presents a magnetic cuboid robot that contains assembled cubes with encapsulated, freely-rotating permanent magnets. This minimalistic and scalable design enables magnetic cubes to assemble under magnetic fields into a cube chain that can propel using pivot-walking locomotion. The magnets for propulsion are evenly distributed between the cubes, but individual cubes can only move when joined with at least one other. A vision-based closed-loop controller that modulates the cuboid robot\u2019s position and orientation during pivot walking is presented. The controller is simulated to navigate cuboid robots to user-selected goal locations. A Breadth-First Search (BFS) path-planning algorithm for obstacle avoidance is used to generate optimal paths for closed-loop pivot walking. Two physical workspaces are tested, one with a large free space and the other with a maze. Experiments and simulations demonstrate that magnetic cuboid robots can navigate in complex mazes and selectively self-assemble into cube chains while following the optimal path generated by the motion planner with visual feedback control.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11721-025-00255-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T15:26:58Z","timestamp":1767626818000},"page":"1-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Coordinated self-assembly and feedback control of distributed magnetic cuboid robots"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Louis William","family":"Rogowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gokhan","family":"Kararsiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anuruddha","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yitong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhengguang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Aaron T.","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Min Jun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"255_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4919400","volume":"86","author":"JJ Abbott","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abbott, J. 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