{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T13:48:11Z","timestamp":1778507291623,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1553644800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIViP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-019-01463-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]],"date-time":"2019-03-27T06:02:52Z","timestamp":1553666572000},"page":"1191-1198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Automatic optic disk detection and segmentation by variational active contour estimation in retinal fundus images"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6335-3538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed S.","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nayab","family":"Fatima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tariq M.","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zaka Ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Aurangzeb","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"1463_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909","volume":"35","author":"JW Yau","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yau, J.W., Rogers, S.L., Kawasaki, R., Lamoureux, E.L., Kowalski, J.W., Bek, T., Chen, S.J., Dekker, J.M., Fletcher, A., Grauslund, J., et al.: Global prevalence and major risk factors of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care 35(3), 556\u2013564 (2012)","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1463_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2794463","volume":"6","author":"TA Soomro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soomro, T.A., Khan, T.M., Khan, M.A.U., Gao, J., Paul, M., Zheng, L.: Impact of ica-based image enhancement technique on retinal blood vessels segmentation. IEEE Access 6, 3524\u20133538 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1463_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khowaja, S.A., Khuwaja, P., Ismaili, I.A.: A framework for retinal vessel segmentation from fundus images using hybrid feature set and hierarchical classification. Signal Image Video Process (2018). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11760-018-1366-x","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-018-1366-x"},{"key":"1463_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Calimeri, F., Marzullo, A., Stamile, C., Terracina, G.: Optic disc detection using fine tuned convolutional neural networks. In: 2016 12th International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems (SITIS), pp. 69\u201375 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/SITIS.2016.20"},{"issue":"8","key":"1463_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-017-1114-7","volume":"11","author":"TA Soomro","year":"2017","unstructured":"Soomro, T.A., Khan, M.A.U., Gao, J., Khan, T.M., Paul, M.: Contrast normalization steps for increased sensitivity of a retinal image segmentation method. Signal Image Video Process. 11(8), 1509\u20131517 (2017). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11760-017-1114-7","journal-title":"Signal Image Video Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"1463_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2013.2238244","volume":"32","author":"S Morales","year":"2013","unstructured":"Morales, S., Naranjo, V., Angulo, J., Alca\u00f1iz, M.: Automatic detection of optic disc based on PCA and mathematical morphology. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 32(4), 786\u2013796 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"issue":"5","key":"1463_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-016-1043-x","volume":"11","author":"A Septiarini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Septiarini, A., Harjoko, A., Pulungan, R., Ekantini, R.: Optic disc and cup segmentation by automatic thresholding with morphological operation for glaucoma evaluation. Signal Image Video Process. 11(5), 945\u2013952 (2017)","journal-title":"Signal Image Video Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"1463_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-017-1065-z","volume":"11","author":"X Guo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Guo, X., Li, Q., Sun, C.: Automatic localization of optic disk based on texture orientation voting. Signal Image Video Process. 11(6), 1115\u20131122 (2017)","journal-title":"Signal Image Video Process."},{"key":"1463_CR9","unstructured":"Park, M., Jin, J.S., Luo, S.: Locating the optic disc in retinal images. In: 2006 International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualisation, pp. 141\u2013145 (2006)"},{"issue":"11","key":"1463_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2010.2053042","volume":"29","author":"A Aquino","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aquino, A., Geg\u00fandez-Arias, M.E., Mar\u00edn, D.: Detecting the optic disc boundary in digital fundus images using morphological, edge detection, and feature extraction techniques. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 29(11), 1860\u20131869 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"issue":"11","key":"1463_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1109\/42.963823","volume":"20","author":"M Lalonde","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lalonde, M., Beaulieu, M., Gagnon, L.: Fast and robust optic disc detection using pyramidal decomposition and hausdorff-based template matching. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 20(11), 1193\u20131200 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"key":"1463_CR12","unstructured":"Osareh, A., Mirmehdi, M., Thomas, B., Markham, R.: Comparison of colour spaces for optic disc localisation in retinal images. In: 16th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2002. Proceedings, vol.\u00a01, pp. 743\u2013746 (2002)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1463_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2003.820400","volume":"51","author":"H Li","year":"2004","unstructured":"Li, H., Chutatape, O.: Automated feature extraction in color retinal images by a model based approach. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 51(2), 246\u2013254 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"1463_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2003.823261","volume":"23","author":"J Lowell","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lowell, J., Hunter, A., Steel, D., Basu, A., Ryder, R., Fletcher, E., Kennedy, L.: Optic nerve head segmentation. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 23(2), 256\u2013264 (2004)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"issue":"10","key":"1463_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2002.806290","volume":"21","author":"T Walter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walter, T., Klein, J.C., Massin, P., Erginay, A.: A contribution of image processing to the diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy-detection of exudates in color fundus images of the human retina. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 21(10), 1236\u20131243 (2002)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."},{"issue":"2","key":"1463_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2009.11.009","volume":"40","author":"D Welfer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Welfer, D., Scharcanski, J., Kitamura, C.M., Dal Pizzol, M.M., Ludwig, L.W., Marinho, D.R.: Segmentation of the optic disk in color eye fundus images using an adaptive morphological approach. Comput. Biol. Med. 40(2), 124\u2013137 (2010)","journal-title":"Comput. Biol. Med."},{"key":"1463_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abramoff, M.D., Niemeijer, M.: The automatic detection of the optic disc location in retinal images using optic disc location regression. In: Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006. EMBS\u201906. 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE, pp. 4432\u20134435 (2006)","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMBS.2006.259622"},{"issue":"1","key":"1463_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2017.2723678","volume":"22","author":"Z Fan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fan, Z., Rong, Y., Cai, X., Lu, J., Li, W., Lin, H., Chen, X.: Optic disk detection in fundus image based on structured learning. IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform. 22(1), 224\u2013234 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."},{"key":"1463_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4557-0737-9.00001-1","volume-title":"Fluorescein Angiography: Basic Principles and Interpretation","author":"R Johnson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Johnson, R., Fu, A., McDonald, H., Jumper, J., Ai, E., Cunningham, E., Lujan, B.: Fluorescein Angiography: Basic Principles and Interpretation, vol. 1. Elsevier Inc., Amsterdam (2012). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-1-4557-0737-9.00001-1"},{"key":"1463_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, H., Agurto, C., Barriga, S., Nemeth, S.C., Soliz, P., Zamora, G.: Automated image quality evaluation of retinal fundus photographs in diabetic retinopathy screening. In: 2012 IEEE Southwest Symposium on Image Analysis and Interpretation, pp. 125\u2013128 (2012)","DOI":"10.1109\/SSIAI.2012.6202469"},{"key":"1463_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berman, D., Treibitz, T., Avidan, S.: Non-local image dehazing. In: 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), pp. 1674\u20131682 (2016)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.185"},{"key":"1463_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Itti, L., Koch, C.: Comparison of feature combination strategies for saliency-based visual attention systems. In: Proceedings of SPIE Human Vision and Electronic Imaging IV (HVEI\u201999), San Jose, CA, vol. 3644, pp. 473\u201382 (1999)","DOI":"10.1117\/12.348467"},{"issue":"3","key":"1463_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1145\/2723694","volume":"58","author":"S Paris","year":"2015","unstructured":"Paris, S., Hasinoff, S.W., Kautz, J.: Local laplacian filters: edge-aware image processing with a laplacian pyramid. Commun. ACM 58(3), 81\u201391 (2015)","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"1463_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Almazroa, A., Burman, R., Raahemifar, K., Lakshminarayanan, V.: Optic disc and optic cup segmentation methodologies for glaucoma image detection: a survey. J. Ophthalmol. (2015). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/180972","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/180972"},{"key":"1463_CR25","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Liu, J., Cherian, N.S., Sun, Y., Lim, J.H., Wong, W.K., Tan, N.M., Lu, S., Li, H., Wong, T.Y.: Convex hull based neuro-retinal optic cup ellipse optimization in glaucoma diagnosis. In: 2009 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, pp. 1441\u20131444 (2009)"},{"issue":"2","key":"1463_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1109\/83.902291","volume":"10","author":"TF Chan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chan, T.F., Vese, L.A.: Active contours without edges. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 10(2), 266\u2013277 (2001)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"1463_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.11.017","volume":"64","author":"B Dai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dai, B., Wu, X., Bu, W.: Optic disc segmentation based on variational model with multiple energies. Pattern Recognit. 64, 226\u2013235 (2017)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"issue":"3","key":"1463_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2006.888831","volume":"54","author":"J Xu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Xu, J., Chutatape, O., Chew, P.: Automated optic disk boundary detection by modified active contour model. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 54(3), 473\u2013482 (2007)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"1463_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.artmed.2008.04.005","volume":"43","author":"EJ Carmona","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carmona, E.J., Rinc\u00f3n, M., Garc\u00eda-Feijo\u00f3, J., de-la Casa, J.M.M.: Identification of the optic nerve head with genetic algorithms. Artif. Intell. Med. 43(3), 243\u2013259 (2008)","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Med."},{"key":"1463_CR30","unstructured":"M., T.V.: Messidor: Digital retinal images France (2008). \n                    http:\/\/messidor.crihan.fr\/download-en.php"},{"key":"1463_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2003","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2003","volume":"4","author":"M Abdullah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abdullah, M., Fraz, M.M., Barman, S.A.: Localization and segmentation of optic disc in retinal images using circular hough transform and grow-cut algorithm. PeerJ 4, e2003 (2016)","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"1463_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12293","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2723320","volume":"5","author":"MN Zahoor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zahoor, M.N., Fraz, M.M.: Fast optic disc segmentation in retina using polar transform. IEEE Access 5, 12293\u201312300 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1463_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2018.06.010","volume":"110","author":"MV Santos Ferreira dos","year":"2018","unstructured":"dos Santos Ferreira, M.V., de Carvalho Filho, A.O., de Sousa, A.D., Silva, A.C., Gattass, M.: Convolutional neural network and texture descriptor-based automatic detection and diagnosis of glaucoma. Expert Syst. Appl. 110, 250\u2013263 (2018)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"1463_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2017.09.008","volume":"40","author":"B Al-Bander","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Bander, B., Al-Nuaimy, W., Williams, B.M., Zheng, Y.: Multiscale sequential convolutional neural networks for simultaneous detection of fovea and optic disc. Biomed. Signal Process. Control 40, 91\u2013101 (2018)","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"issue":"7","key":"1463_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2018.2791488","volume":"37","author":"H Fu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fu, H., Cheng, J., Xu, Y., Wong, D.W.K., Liu, J., Cao, X.: Joint optic disc and cup segmentation based on multi-label deep network and polar transformation. IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 37(7), 1597\u20131605 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imag."}],"container-title":["Signal, Image and Video Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11760-019-01463-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11760-019-01463-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11760-019-01463-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T00:29:32Z","timestamp":1585182572000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11760-019-01463-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1463"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11760-019-01463-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1703","1863-1711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1703","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-1711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 February 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}