{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T20:30:10Z","timestamp":1763497810277,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632614400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIViP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-021-02027-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]],"date-time":"2021-09-26T13:04:39Z","timestamp":1632661479000},"page":"857-863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Infrared target detection based on the single-window average absolute gray difference algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9234-3577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hadi","family":"Shahraki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saed","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shokoufeh","family":"Aalaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2027_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2012.01.006","volume":"55","author":"R Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu, R., Lu, Y., Gong, C., Liu, Y.: Infrared point target detection with improved templatematching. Nfrared Phys. Technol. 55, 380\u2013387 (2012)","journal-title":"Nfrared Phys. Technol."},{"key":"2027_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.image.2008.10.001","volume":"23","author":"H Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li, H., Xu, S., Li, L.: Dim target detection and tracking based on empirical mode decomposition. Signal Process. Image Commun. 23, 788\u2013797 (2008)","journal-title":"Signal Process. Image Commun."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gao, Y., Li, J., Shen, Z.: Detection of a moving small target in IR cluttered background containing sea and sky areas. In: Presented at the Photonics Asia (2004)","key":"2027_CR3","DOI":"10.1117\/12.575785"},{"key":"2027_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2020.107727","volume":"177","author":"S Moradi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moradi, S., Moallem, P., Sabahi, M.F.: Fast and robust small infrared target detection using absolute directional mean difference algorithm. Signal Process. 177, 107727 (2020)","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kwan, C., Budavari, B.: A high-performance approach to detecting small targets in long-range low-quality infrared videos. Signal Image Video Process (2021)","key":"2027_CR5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-021-01970-x"},{"key":"2027_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2019.06.003","volume":"101","author":"S Aghaziyarati","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aghaziyarati, S., Moradi, S., Talebi, H.: Small infrared target detection using absolute average difference weighted by cumulative directional derivatives. Infrared Phys. Technol. 101, 78\u201387 (2019)","journal-title":"Infrared Phys. Technol."},{"key":"2027_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2021.103174","volume":"117","author":"M Yavari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yavari, M., Moallem, P., Kazemi, M., Moradi, S.: Small infrared target detection using minimum variation direction interpolation. Digit. Signal Process. 117, 103174 (2021)","journal-title":"Digit. Signal Process."},{"key":"2027_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4024","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12244024","volume":"12","author":"C Kwan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kwan, C., Budavari, B.: Enhancing small moving target detection performance in low-quality and long-range infrared videos using optical flow techniques. Remote Sens. 12, 4024 (2020)","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Zhang, G., Ma, Y., Kang, J.U., Kwan, C.: Small infrared target detection based on fast adaptive masking and scaling with iterative segmentation. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. (2021). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/LGRS.2020.3047524","key":"2027_CR9","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2020.3047524"},{"key":"2027_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2021.103837","volume":"117","author":"H Shahraki","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shahraki, H., Aalaei, S., Moradi, S.: Infrared small target detection based on the dynamic particle swarm optimization. Infrared Phys. Technol. 117, 103837 (2021)","journal-title":"Infrared Phys. Technol."},{"key":"2027_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1109\/83.236534","volume":"2","author":"T Soni","year":"1993","unstructured":"Soni, T., Zeidler, J.R., Ku, W.H.: Performance evaluation of 2-D adaptive prediction filters for detection of small objects in image data. Image Process. IEEE Trans. On. 2, 327\u2013340 (1993)","journal-title":"Image Process. IEEE Trans. On."},{"key":"2027_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1117\/1.600620","volume":"35","author":"J-F Rivest","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rivest, J.-F., Fortin, R.: Detection of dim targets in digital infrared imagery by morphological image processing. Opt. Eng. 35, 1886\u20131893 (1996)","journal-title":"Opt. Eng."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sang, N., Zhang, T., Shi, W.: Characteristics of contrast and application for small-target detection. In: Presented at the Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets (1998)","key":"2027_CR13","DOI":"10.1117\/12.324613"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deshpande, S.D., Er, M.H., Venkateswarlu, R., Chan, P.: Max-mean and max-median filters for detection of small targets. In: Presented at the Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets (1999)","key":"2027_CR14","DOI":"10.1117\/12.364049"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van den Broek, S.P., Bakker, E.J., de Lange, D.-J., Theil, A.: Detection and classification of infrared decoys and small targets in a sea background. In: Presented at the Targets and Backgrounds VI: Characterization, Visualization, and the Detection Process (2000)","key":"2027_CR15","DOI":"10.1117\/12.392513"},{"key":"2027_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/s10044-010-0190-x","volume":"14","author":"S Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim, S., Lee, J.-H.: Robust scale invariant target detection using the scale-space theory and optimization for IRST. Pattern Anal. Appl. 14, 57\u201366 (2011)","journal-title":"Pattern Anal. Appl."},{"key":"2027_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4996","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2013.2281420","volume":"22","author":"C Gao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gao, C., Meng, D., Yang, Y., Wang, Y.: infrared patch-image model for small target detection in a single image. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 22, 4996\u20135009 (2013)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"2027_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5481","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2017.2709250","volume":"55","author":"X Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang, X., Peng, Z., Kong, D., He, Y.: Infrared dim and small target detection based on stable multisubspace learning in heterogeneous scene. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 55, 5481\u20135493 (2017). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TGRS.2017.2709250","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"2027_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2017.2700023","volume":"10","author":"Y Dai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dai, Y., Wu, Y.: Reweighted infrared patch-tensor model with both nonlocal and local priors for single-frame small target detection. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth. 10, 3752\u20133767 (2017)","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth."},{"key":"2027_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infrared.2017.01.009","volume":"81","author":"Y Dai","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dai, Y., Wu, Y., Song, Y., Guo, J.: Non-negative infrared patch-image model: robust target-background separation via partial sum minimization of singular value. Infrared Phys. Technol. 81, 182\u2013194 (2017)","journal-title":"Infrared Phys. Technol."},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, X., Jiang, H., Li, H., Zhang, J., Wang, Y.: Characteristic analysis of infrared target and design of target detection system. In: Multimedia and Signal Processing (CMSP), 2011 International Conference on (2011)","key":"2027_CR21","DOI":"10.1109\/CMSP.2011.61"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, R., Zhou, X., Zhang, G., Zhang, G.: Infrared dim target detection based on character filter. In: Presented at the MIPPR 2011: Automatic Target Recognition and Image Analysis (2011)","key":"2027_CR22","DOI":"10.1117\/12.902800"},{"key":"2027_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2013.2242477","volume":"52","author":"CLP Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen, C.L.P., Li, H., Wei, Y., Xia, T., Tang, Y.Y.: A local contrast method for small infrared target detection. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 52, 574\u2013581 (2014)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"2027_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2018.2790909","volume":"15","author":"J Han","year":"2018","unstructured":"Han, J., Liang, K., Zhou, B., Zhu, X., Zhao, J., Zhao, L.: Infrared small target detection utilizing the multiscale relative local contrast measure. IEEE Geosci Remote Sens. 15, 612\u2013616 (2018)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci Remote Sens."},{"key":"2027_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2016.04.002","volume":"58","author":"Y Wei","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wei, Y., You, X., Li, H.: Multiscale patch-based contrast measure for small infrared target detection. Pattern Recognit. 58, 216\u2013226 (2016)","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit."},{"key":"2027_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s10762-006-9164-x","volume":"28","author":"Z Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Wang, G., Liu, J., Liu, C.: Small target detection algorithm based on average absolute difference maximum and background forecast. Int. J. Infrared Millim. Waves 28, 87\u201397 (2007)","journal-title":"Int. J. Infrared Millim. Waves"},{"key":"2027_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2015.140878","volume":"52","author":"H Deng","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deng, H., Sun, X., Liu, M., Ye, C., Zhou, X.: Infrared small-target detection using multiscale gray difference weighted image entropy. IEEE Trans. Aerospaceand Electron. Syst. 52, 60\u201372 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerospaceand Electron. Syst."}],"container-title":["Signal, Image and Video Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11760-021-02027-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11760-021-02027-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11760-021-02027-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T17:03:16Z","timestamp":1647622996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11760-021-02027-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11760-021-02027-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1703","1863-1711"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1863-1703"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1863-1711"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 August 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 September 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}