{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T01:18:04Z","timestamp":1760577484824,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIViP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-022-02165-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T17:03:16Z","timestamp":1644944596000},"page":"2037-2043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["An integration of features for person identification based on the PQRST fragments of ECG signals"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9146-1379","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sihem","family":"Hamza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yassine Ben","family":"Ayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"2165_CR1","unstructured":"Houalef, S., Bendahmane, A., Benyettou, A.: Syst\u00e8me de reconnaissance biom\u00e9trique multimodal bas\u00e9 sur la fusion: empreinte digitale, visage, g\u00e9om\u00e9trie de la main. Departement d\u2019informatique, pp. 1\u20137 (2012)"},{"key":"2165_CR2","first-page":"19","volume":"7","author":"SK Jin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jin, S.K., Sung, B.P.: A study on emg-based biometrics. J. Internet Serv. Inf. Secur. 7, 19\u201331 (2017)","journal-title":"J. Internet Serv. Inf. Secur."},{"key":"2165_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"51","author":"S Kalaivani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kalaivani, S., Damon, L.W.: Deep Learning for Biometrics: A Survey. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR) 51, 1\u201334 (2018)","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"2165_CR4","first-page":"253","volume":"19","author":"P Florent","year":"2007","unstructured":"Florent, P., Jean, L.D.: Introduction \u00e0 la Biom\u00e9trie Authentification des Individus par Traitement Audio-Vid\u00e9o. Traitement du Signal 19, 253\u2013265 (2007)","journal-title":"Traitement du Signal"},{"key":"2165_CR5","first-page":"1033","volume":"3","author":"SS Parvinder","year":"2009","unstructured":"Parvinder, S.S., Iqbaldeep, K., Amit, V., Samriti, J., Shailendra, S.: Biometric Methods and Implementation of Algorithms. International Journal of Computer, Electrical, Automation, Control and Information Engineering 3, 1033\u20131038 (2009)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Electr. Autom. Control and Inf. Eng."},{"key":"2165_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richa, S., Mayank, V., Phalguni, G.: Biometrics encyclopedia of multimedia technology and networking, 2nd edn., pp. 121\u2013127 (2009)","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-60566-014-1.ch017"},{"key":"2165_CR7","first-page":"236","volume":"2","author":"C Samer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Samer, C., Amine, N.A., Patrick, K., Mohamad, K.: ECG modelling using wavelet networks: application to biometrics. IEEE Transactions on Information Technology in Biomedicine 2, 236\u2013249 (2010)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf Technol. Biomed."},{"key":"2165_CR8","first-page":"2277","volume":"10","author":"EI Anwar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anwar, E.I.: ECG signals for human identification based on fiducial and non-fiducial approaches. International Journal of Advanced Computer Research 10, 2277\u20137970 (2020)","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Comput. Res."},{"key":"2165_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1109\/TITB.2012.2188535","volume":"16","author":"MI Islam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Islam M.I., Haikel, H.: HBS: a novel biometric feature based on heartbeat morphology. IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed. 16, 445\u2013453 (2012)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed."},{"key":"2165_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117853","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3004464","volume":"8","author":"M Ingale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ingale, M., Cordeiro, R., Thentu, S.: Ecg biometric authentication: A comparative analysis. IEEE Access 8, 117853\u2013117866 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2165_CR11","unstructured":"Chang, C.: Authentication biom\u00e9trique par dynamique de frappe pour \u00e9valuation\u00e0 distance utilisant svm\u00e0 une classe (2016)"},{"key":"2165_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2020.08.044","volume":"176","author":"H Sihem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sihem, H., Yassine, B.A.: Svm for human identification using the ECG signal. Intell. Procedia Comput. Sci. 176, 430\u2013439 (2020)","journal-title":"Intell. Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"2165_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.3390\/e23060733","volume":"23","author":"AA Dalal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dalal, A.A., Islam, M.D.S.: Using Convolutional Neural Network and a Single Heartbeat for ECG Biometric Recognition. Entropy 23, 733 (2021)","journal-title":"Entropy"},{"key":"2165_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-018-6300-2","volume":"78","author":"H Mohamed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohamed, H., Gongning, L., Kuanquan, W.: Cancelable biometric authentication system based on ECG. Multimedia Tools Appl. 78, 1857\u20131887 (2019)","journal-title":"Multimedia Tools Appl."},{"key":"2165_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hugo, P.S., Andre, L., Fred, L.N., Ana, F.C.: ECG Biometrics: Principles and applications. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Bioinspired Systems and Signal Processing, pp. 215\u2013220 (2013)","DOI":"10.5220\/0004243202150220"},{"key":"2165_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matta, R., Lau, J.K.H., Agrafioti, F., Hatzinakos, D.: Real-time continuous identification system using ECG signals. In: 24th Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE), pp. 001313\u2013001316 (2011)","DOI":"10.1109\/CCECE.2011.6030676"},{"key":"2165_CR17","unstructured":"Fen M., Shu-Di B., Ye L.: Physiological Signal Based Biometrics for Securing Body Sensor Network. InTech (2012)"},{"key":"2165_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6751932","volume":"2019","author":"TN Alotaiby","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alotaiby, T.N., Alshebeili, S.A., Aljafar, L.M., Alsabhan, W.M.: ECG-based subject identification using common spatial pattern and SVM. Journal of Sensors 2019, 1\u20139 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Sens."},{"key":"2165_CR19","first-page":"178","volume":"2","author":"M Nawal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nawal, M., Purohit, G.N.: ECG based human authentication: a review. International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology 2, 178\u2013185 (2014)","journal-title":"Int. J. Emerg. Eng. Res. Technol."},{"key":"2165_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s10844-012-0214-7","volume":"40","author":"MM Tantawi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tantawi, M.M., Revett, K., Salem, A., Tolba, M.F.: Fiducial feature reduction analysis for electrocardiogram (ECG) based biometric recognition. Journal of Intelligent Information Systems 40, 17\u201339 (2013)","journal-title":"J. Intell. Inf. Syst"},{"key":"2165_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15067","DOI":"10.3390\/s150715067","volume":"15","author":"S Pirbhulal","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pirbhulal, S., Zhang, H., Mukhopadhyay, S. C., Li, C., Wang, Y., Li, G., et al.: An efficient biometric-based algorithm using heart rate variability for securing body sensor networks. Sensors 15, 15067\u201315089 (2015)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2165_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.3390\/s16040570","volume":"16","author":"S Peter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peter, S., Pratap Reddy, B., Momtaz, F., Givargis, T.: Design of secure ECG-based biometric authentication in body area sensor networks. Sensors 16, 570 (2016)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2165_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.3390\/s17102228","volume":"17","author":"JR Pinto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pinto, J. R., Cardoso, J. S., Louren\u00e7o, A., Carreiras, C.: Towards a continuous biometric system based on ECG signals acquired on the steering wheel. Sensors 17, 2228 (2017)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2165_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dar, M.N., Akram, M.U., Shaukat, A., Khan, M.A.: ECG based biometric identification for population with normal and cardiac anomalies using hybrid HRV and DWT features. In: Proceedings of the 2015 5th International Conference on IT Convergence and Security (ICITCS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 1\u20135 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICITCS.2015.7292977"},{"key":"2165_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sarkar, A., Abbott, A.L., Doerzaph, Z.: ECG Biometric Authentication using a dynamical model. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Biometric Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS), Arlington, VA, USA, pp. 1\u20136 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/BTAS.2015.7358757"},{"key":"2165_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dar, M.N., Akram, M.U., Usman, A., Khan, S.A.: ECG Biometric Identification for general population using multiresolution analysis of DWT based features. In: Proceedings of the 2015 2nd International Conference on Information Security and Cyber Forensics (InfoSec 2015), Cape Town, South Africa, pp. 5\u201310 (2015)","DOI":"10.1109\/InfoSec.2015.7435498"},{"key":"2165_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Dian, Z., Xuan, Z.: HeartID: a multiresolution convolutional neural network for ECG-based biometric human identification in smart health applications. IEEE Access 5, 11805\u201311816 (2017)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2707460"},{"key":"2165_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.01.010","volume":"170","author":"G Altan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Altan, G., Kutlu, Y., Yeniad, M.: ECG based human identification using Second Order Difference Plots. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 170, 81\u201393 (2019)","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"2165_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8060667","volume":"8","author":"W Di","year":"2019","unstructured":"Di, W., Yujuan, S., Weiyi, Y., Gong, Z., and Jia, L.: A novel electrocardiogram biometric identification method based on temporal-frequency autoencoding. Electronics 8, 667 (2019)","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"2165_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3390\/s17020410","volume":"17","author":"R Tan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tan, R., Marek, P.: Toward improving electrocardiogram (ECG) biometric verification using mobile sensors: a two stage classifier approach. Sensors 17, 410 (2017)","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2165_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00671","volume":"3","author":"H Sedghamiz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sedghamiz, H.: BioSigKit: a Matlab toolbox and interface for analysis of BioSignals. J. Open Source Softw. 3, 671 (2018)","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"2165_CR32","first-page":"974","volume":"4","author":"B Noureddine","year":"2012","unstructured":"Noureddine, B., Fethi, B.R., Amine, N.A., R\u00e9gis, F.: Person identification system based on electrocardiogram signal using labview. International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering 4, 974 (2012)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"2165_CR33","unstructured":"Nicolas, O., Marco, L.: On the generalization of Shannon entropy for speech recognition. In: IEEE Spoken Language Technology Workshop (SLT), Miami, FL, USA, pp. 97\u2013102 (2012)"},{"key":"2165_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furui, S.: Speaker recognition in smart environments. In: Human-Centric Interfaces for Ambient Intelligence, pp. 163\u2013184 (2010)","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-374708-2.00007-3"},{"key":"2165_CR35","first-page":"92","volume":"1","author":"AM Toh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Toh, A.M., Togneri, R., Nordholm, S.: Spectral entropy as speech features for speech recognition. Proceedings of PEECS 1, 92 (2005)","journal-title":"Proc. PEECS"},{"key":"2165_CR36","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Wan, C.Y., Lee, L. S.: Entropy-based feature parameter weighting for robust speech recognition. In: 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing Proceedings, pp. I\u2013I (2006)"},{"key":"2165_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x","volume":"27","author":"C Shannon","year":"1948","unstructured":"Shannon, C.: A mathematical theory of communication. Bell Syst. Tech. J. 27, 379\u2013423 (1948)","journal-title":"Bell Syst. Tech. J."},{"key":"2165_CR38","unstructured":"Theodoros, G., Aggelos, P.: Introduction to Audio Analysis. In: A MATLAB approach, Academic Press, pp. 59\u2013103 (2014)"},{"key":"2165_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohammed, J.A.D., Abbas, E.M., Ahmed, F.: Speech emotion recognition based on SVM and KNN classifications fusion. Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. (IJECE) 11, 1259\u20131264 (2021)","DOI":"10.11591\/ijece.v11i2.pp1259-1264"},{"key":"2165_CR40","unstructured":"Hasan M., Boris F. SVM: Machinesa vecteurs de support ou s\u00e9parateursa vastes marges. Rapport technique, Versailles St Quentin, France, Cit\u00e9, 64 (2006)"},{"key":"2165_CR41","first-page":"416","volume":"72","author":"H Sihem","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sihem, H., Yassine, B.A.: Biometric individual identification system based on the ECG signal. Intelligent Systems Design and Applications 72, 416\u2013425 (2020)","journal-title":"Intell. Syst. Des. Appl."},{"key":"2165_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, M.U., Aziz, S., Sohail, M., Naqvi, S.Z.H., Samer, S., Sajid, Z.: Detection of subacute intestinal obstruction from surface electromyography signatures. In: International Conference on Emerging Trends in Smart Technologies (ICETST), pp. 1\u20136 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETST49965.2020.9080710"},{"key":"2165_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, M.U., Aziz, S., Malik, A., Imtiaz, M.A.: Detection of myocardial infarction using pulse plethysmograph signals. In: International Conference on Frontiers of Information Technology (FIT), pp. 95\u2013955 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/FIT47737.2019.00027"},{"key":"2165_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khan, M.U., Aziz, S., Sohail, M., Shahid, A.A., Samer, S.: Automated detection and classification of gastrointestinal diseases using surface-EMG signals. In: 22nd International Multitopic Conference (INMIC), pp. 1\u20138 (2019)","DOI":"10.1109\/INMIC48123.2019.9022741"},{"key":"2165_CR45","first-page":"3682","volume":"27","author":"I Sahin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sahin, I., Okan, K., Ergin, S.: Biometric person authentication framework using polynomial curve fitting based ECG feature extraction. Journal of Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences 27, 3682\u20133698 (2019)","journal-title":"J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci."}],"container-title":["Signal, Image and Video Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11760-022-02165-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11760-022-02165-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11760-022-02165-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,18]],"date-time":"2024-09-18T17:14:38Z","timestamp":1726679678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11760-022-02165-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]}},"alternative-id":["2165"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11760-022-02165-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1703","1863-1711"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1863-1703"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1863-1711"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2022","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 February 2022","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}