{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T15:57:45Z","timestamp":1774540665028,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Technologies R & D Program of Henan Province","award":["232102221028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102221028"]}]},{"name":"National Key Technologies R & D Program of Henan Province","award":["232102221028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102221028"]}]},{"name":"National Key Technologies R & D Program of Henan Province","award":["232102221028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["232102221028"]}]},{"name":"Startup Foundation for Ph.D. of Henan Polytechnic University","award":["B2016-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2016-22"]}]},{"name":"Startup Foundation for Ph.D. of Henan Polytechnic University","award":["B2016-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2016-22"]}]},{"name":"Startup Foundation for Ph.D. of Henan Polytechnic University","award":["B2016-22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2016-22"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIViP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-025-04022-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T12:27:45Z","timestamp":1743769665000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Lightweight SL-YOLO algorithm for automotive fuel tank cover detection"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Dai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Linghan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yanqin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Junwei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Naohiko","family":"Hanajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4022_CR1","first-page":"1057","volume":"4","author":"CT Lam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lam, C.T., Phung, T.C.: Research on application of industrial robots in automated fueling systems for small individual cars. VNUHCM J. Eng. Technol. 4, 1057\u20131067 (2021)","journal-title":"VNUHCM J. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"4022_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1108\/IR-05-2020-0109","volume":"48","author":"Z Bi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bi, Z., Luo, C., Miao, Z., Zhang, B., Zhang, C.W.: Automatic robotic recharging systems-development and challenges. Ind. Robot: Int. J. Robot. Res. Appl. 48, 95\u2013109 (2021)","journal-title":"Ind. Robot: Int. J. Robot. Res. Appl."},{"key":"4022_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., et\u00a0al.: Dph-yolov8: Improved yolov8 based on double prediction heads for the uav image object detection. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2024.3487191"},{"key":"4022_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981221113315","volume":"2677","author":"K Ahn","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahn, K., Du, J., Farag, M., Rakha, H.A.: Evaluating an eco-cooperative automated control system. Transp. Res. Record 2677, 1562\u20131578 (2023)","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Record"},{"key":"4022_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2015.2389824","volume":"37","author":"K He","year":"2015","unstructured":"He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Spatial pyramid pooling in deep convolutional networks for visual recognition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 37, 1904\u20131916 (2015)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"4022_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031","volume":"39","author":"S Ren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., Sun, J.: Faster r-cnn: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39, 1137\u20131149 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"4022_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13122413","volume":"13","author":"Z Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun, Z., et al.: Road surface defect detection algorithm based on yolov8. Electronics 13, 2413 (2024)","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"4022_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, W., et\u00a0al.: Ssd: Single shot multibox detector 21\u201337 (2016)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-46448-0_2"},{"key":"4022_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Law, H., Deng, J.: Cornernet: Detecting objects as paired keypoints 734\u2013750 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01264-9_45"},{"key":"4022_CR10","unstructured":"Reis, D., Kupec, J., Hong, J., Daoudi, A.: Real-time flying object detection with yolov8. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.09972 (2023)"},{"key":"4022_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, X., Dai, X., Bai, Y., Wang, Y., Fu, Y.: Rewrite the stars5694\u20135703 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00544"},{"key":"4022_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-022-10335-8","volume":"123","author":"W Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li, W., Zhang, L., Wu, C., Cui, Z., Niu, C.: A new lightweight deep neural network for surface scratch detection. Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 123, 1999\u20132015 (2022)","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"4022_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, H., Hu, C., Guo, J., An, K.: Research on detection method of fuel tank cover based on lightweight yolo342\u2013352 (2023)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-1099-7_33"},{"key":"4022_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Q., Li, Y.: Research on recognition method of car fuel tank cap based on residual network, In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series1748, 042017 (2021)","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1748\/4\/042017"},{"key":"4022_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, L., et al.: Research on vision perception technology of auto fueling robot on opencv-based gas tank cap recognition, In: Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1952, 022067 (2021)","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/1952\/2\/022067"},{"key":"4022_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C.-Y., et\u00a0al.: Cspnet: A new backbone that can enhance learning capability of cnn, 390\u2013391 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPRW50498.2020.00203"},{"key":"4022_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sandler, M., Howard, A., Zhu, M., Zhmoginov, A., Chen, L.-C.: Mobilenetv2: Inverted residuals and linear bottlenecks, 4510\u20134520 (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00474"},{"key":"4022_CR18","first-page":"34899","volume":"35","author":"Z Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian, Z., Chu, X., Wang, X., Wei, X., Shen, C.: Fully convolutional one-stage 3d object detection on lidar range images. Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst. 35, 34899\u201334911 (2022)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inform. Process. Syst."},{"key":"4022_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0301839","volume":"19","author":"H Tao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tao, H., Wang, G., Liu, J., Yang, Z.: A deep learning-based dynamic deformable adaptive framework for locating the root region of the dynamic flames. Plos one 19, e0301839 (2024)","journal-title":"Plos one"},{"key":"4022_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, L., Hu, T., Zhu, J.: Underwater sonar target detection based on improved scema yolov8. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2024.3397848"},{"key":"4022_CR21","unstructured":"Tan, M.: Efficientnet: Rethinking model scaling for convolutional neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.11946 (2019)"},{"key":"4022_CR22","unstructured":"Qin, D., et\u00a0al.: Mobilenetv4-universal models for the mobile ecosystem. arXiv preprint arXiv:2404.10518 (2024)"},{"key":"4022_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dai, X., et\u00a0al.: Dynamic head: Unifying object detection heads with attentions, 7373\u20137382 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00729"},{"key":"4022_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C.-Y., Yeh, I.-H., Liao, H.-Y.\u00a0M.: Yolov9: Learning what you want to learn using programmable gradient information. arXiv preprint arXiv:2402.13616 (2024)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72751-1_1"},{"key":"4022_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Y., He, K.: Group normalization, pp. 3\u201319 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01261-8_1"},{"key":"4022_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031","volume":"39","author":"S Ren","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ren, S., He, K., Girshick, R., Sun, J.: Faster r-cnn: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 39, 1137\u20131149 (2016)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"4022_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., et\u00a0al. Detrs beat yolos on real-time object detection pp. 16965\u201316974 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01605"},{"key":"4022_CR28","unstructured":"Wang, A., et\u00a0al. Yolov10: Real-time end-to-end object detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.14458 (2024)"},{"key":"4022_CR29","unstructured":"Cap, F.: Fuel cap dataset. Roboflow Universe (2024). https:\/\/universe.roboflow.com\/fuel-cap\/fuel-cap. Visited on 2024-12-09"},{"key":"4022_CR30","unstructured":"Draelos, R.\u00a0L., Carin, L.: Use hirescam instead of grad-cam for faithful explanations of convolutional neural networks. arXiv preprint arXiv:2011.08891 (2020)"},{"key":"4022_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dang, C., Wang, Z.\u00a0X.: Rcyolo: An efficient small target detector for crack detection in tubular topological road structures based on unmanned aerial vehicles. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3419903"}],"container-title":["Signal, Image and Video Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04022-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04022-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04022-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T10:35:37Z","timestamp":1747650937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04022-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04022-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1703","1863-1711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1703","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-1711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 February 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 March 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"444"}}