{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T15:39:15Z","timestamp":1782574755503,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748390400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program Project, China","award":["GZ20220089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ20220089"]}]},{"name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program Project, China","award":["GZ20220089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GZ20220089"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71671109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71671109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["71671109"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["71671109"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020YFB1600500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020YFB1600500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIViP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-025-04237-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T13:30:00Z","timestamp":1748439000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Lightweight Vehicle Detection Method For Urban Roads Based On Efficient Aggregation Convolution And Fine Pooling Structure"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Lin","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiandong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4237_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7286","DOI":"10.1109\/TTE.2023.3346375","volume":"10","author":"H Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang, H., Tao, L., Peng, Y.M.: Voxel rcnn-ha: A point cloud multi-object detection algorithm with hybrid anchors for autonomous driving. IEEE Trans. Tansp. Electrif 10(3), 7286\u20137296 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Tansp. Electrif"},{"issue":"10","key":"4237_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7013","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-024-03370-3","volume":"18","author":"H Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Shao, F.M., Chu, W.J.: Faster r-cnn based on frame difference and spatiotemporal context for vehicle detection. Signal. Image Video Process. 18(10), 7013\u20137027 (2024)","journal-title":"Signal. Image Video Process."},{"key":"4237_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6009705","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2024.3397885","volume":"21","author":"XY Gao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gao, X.Y., Zhao, D.P.: Yolo-parallel: Positive gradient modeling for long-tail remote sensing object detection. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 21, 6009705 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"4237_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpro.2023.104863","volume":"100","author":"T Xiao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xiao, T., Xu, T.H., Wang, G.: Real-time detection of track fasteners based on object detection and fpga. Microprocess. Microsyst. 100, 104863 (2023)","journal-title":"Microprocess. Microsyst."},{"issue":"4","key":"4237_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/03611981231184187","volume":"2678","author":"LL Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang, L.L., Yu, X., Adu-Gyamfi, Y.: Spatio-temporal fusion of lidar and camera data for omnidirectional depth perception. Transp. Res. Rec. 2678(4), 308\u2013322 (2024)","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Rec."},{"issue":"3","key":"4237_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3284228","volume":"25","author":"GF Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, G.F., Fan, H.W., Jiang, G.Z.: Rgbd-slam based on object detection with two-stream yolov4-mobilenetv3 in autonomous driving. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 25(3), 2847\u20132857 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"4237_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2023.3336532","volume":"33","author":"F Dornaika","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dornaika, F., Sun, D.Y.: Lgcoamix: Local and global context-and-object-part-aware superpixel-based data augmentation for deep visual recognition. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 33, 205\u2013215 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"4237_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.120136","volume":"225","author":"J Jang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jang, J., Han, J., Kim, J.: K-mixup: Data augmentation for offline reinforcement learning using mixup in a koopman invariant subspace. Expert Syst. Appl. 225, 120136 (2023)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"11","key":"4237_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13370","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3255202","volume":"24","author":"I Lashkov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lashkov, I., Yuan, R.Z., Zhang, G.H.: Edge-computing-facilitated nighttime vehicle detection investigations with clahe-enhanced images. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 24(11), 13370\u201313383 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"23","key":"4237_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39771","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3453498","volume":"24","author":"R Srinivasan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Srinivasan, R., Rajeswari, D., Arivarasi, A.: Real-time vehicle classification and license plate recognition via deformable convolution based yolov8 network. IEEE Sens. J. 24(23), 39771\u201339778 (2024)","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"4237_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-023-02896-2","volume":"18","author":"WJ Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han, W.J., He, N.: Idpd: Improved deformable-detr for crowd pedestrian detection. Signal. Image Video Process. 18(3), 2243\u20132253 (2024)","journal-title":"Signal. Image Video Process."},{"key":"4237_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2024.109310","volume":"118","author":"S Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, S., Cao, X.H., Zhou, Z.G.: Research on inshore ship detection under nighttime low-visibility environment for maritime surveillance. Comput. Electr. Eng. 118, 109310 (2024)","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"4237_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.02.067","volume":"522","author":"ZC Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang, Z.C., Wang, J.L., Fu, X.S.: Dc-spp-yolo: Dense connection and spatial pyramid pooling based yolo for object detection. Inf. Sci. 522, 241\u2013258 (2020)","journal-title":"Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"4237_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-021-02491-3","volume":"52","author":"K Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang, K., Liu, M.Z.: Yolov3-mt: A yolov3 using multi-target tracking for vehicle visual detection. Appl. Intell. 52(2), 2070\u20132091 (2022)","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"4237_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, K., Liu, M.Z., Ye, Z.j.: An advanced yolov3 method for small-scale road object detection. Appl. Soft Comput. 112, 107846 (2021)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107846"},{"key":"4237_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Qiang, Z.X.: Traffic Flow Statistics Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv5. Paper presented at the international conference on image processing, computer vision and machine learning, Nanjing, 340\u2013345 December 2022 (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICML57342.2022.10009676"},{"key":"4237_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo, S., Park, J., Lee, J.Y.: CBAM: Convolutional block attention module. Paper presented at the proceedings of the european conference on computer vision, Munich, 3\u201319 September 2018 (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01234-2_1"},{"key":"4237_CR18","first-page":"5617113","volume":"63","author":"SB Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu, S.B., Zhao, D.X.: Full-scale change detection network for remote sensing images based on deep feature fusion. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 63, 5617113 (2025)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"4237_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, S.B., Zhao, D.X.: Network and dataset for multiscale remote sensing image change detection. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 18, 2851\u20132866 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3522135"},{"key":"4237_CR20","unstructured":"Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N.: Attention is all you need. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 30, (2017)"},{"key":"4237_CR21","first-page":"10353","volume":"35","author":"YM Rao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rao, Y.M., Zhao, W.L., Tang, Y.S.: Hornet: Efficient high-order spatial interactions with recursive gated convolutions. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst. 35, 10353\u201310366 (2022)","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"4237_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, P. P, Tian, S.H., Su, Y.: Ia-ciou: an improved iou bounding box loss function for sar ship target detection methods. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 17, 10569\u201310582 (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2024.3402540"},{"key":"4237_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y.N., Li, H.C., Wang, R.: Constrained-siou: a metric for horizontal candidates in multi-oriented object detection. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. 15, 956\u2013967 (2021)","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2021.3137552"},{"issue":"10","key":"4237_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-021-01500-9","volume":"129","author":"D Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang, D., Zhang, R., Zhang, X.S.: A decomposable winograd method for n-d convolution acceleration in video analysis. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 129(10), 2806\u20132826 (2021)","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"4237_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, C.R., Jiang, P.L., Zhou, H.: Haw: hardware-aware point selection for efficient winograd convolution. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 30, 269\u2013273 (2020)","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2023.3258863"},{"key":"4237_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudhesh, K.M., Sowmya, V., Kurian, S.: Ai based rice leaf disease identification enhanced by dynamic mode decomposition. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 120, 105836 (2023)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.105836"},{"key":"4237_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2024.111684","volume":"160","author":"T Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, T., Wang, H., Pan, D.X.: A machine vision approach with temporal fusion strategy for concrete vibration quality monitoring. Appl. Soft Comput. 160, 111684 (2024)","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"4237_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cviu.2020.102907","volume":"193","author":"LY Wen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wen, L.Y., Du, D.W., Cai, Z.W.: Ua-detrac: A new benchmark and protocol for multi-object detection and tracking. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 193, 102907 (2020)","journal-title":"Comput. Vis. Image Underst."},{"key":"4237_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123805","volume":"249","author":"XS Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, X.S., Wang, C.L., Zeng, Z.: Ws-ssd: Achieving faster 3d object detection for autonomous driving via weighted point cloud sampling. Expert Syst. Appl. 249, 123805 (2024)","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"4237_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2308169","DOI":"10.1080\/10298436.2024.2308169","volume":"25","author":"HC Dan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dan, H.C., Yan, P., Tan, J.W.: Multiple distresses detection for asphalt pavement using improved you only look once algorithm based on convolutional neural network. Int. J. Pavement Eng. 25(1), 2308169 (2024)","journal-title":"Int. J. Pavement Eng."}],"container-title":["Signal, Image and Video Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04237-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04237-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04237-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T07:13:54Z","timestamp":1749626034000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04237-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["4237"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04237-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1703","1863-1711"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1863-1703","type":"print"},{"value":"1863-1711","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 April 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}}],"article-number":"646"}}