{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T01:00:44Z","timestamp":1764723644848,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763683200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["SIViP"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-025-04969-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T23:52:50Z","timestamp":1763682770000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MDS-DWGANet: a lightweight network for infrared small target detection via directional sparse convolution and dynamic attention"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mu","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Qinghong","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"4969_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103007","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2025.103007","volume":"118","author":"Z Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang, Z., Yu, H., Zhang, J., Tang, Q., Mian, A.: Deep learning based infrared small object segmentation: Challenges and future directions. Inform. Fusion. 118, 103007 (2025)","journal-title":"Inform. Fusion"},{"key":"4969_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2023.109788","volume":"143","author":"R Kou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kou, R., Wang, C., Peng, Z., Zhao, Z., Chen, Y., Han, J., Fu, Q.: Infrared small target segmentation networks: A survey. Pattern Recogn. 143, 109788 (2023)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"issue":"2","key":"4969_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/MGRS.2022.3145502","volume":"10","author":"M Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao, M., Li, W., Li, L., Hu, J., Ma, P., Tao, R.: Single-frame infrared small-target detection: A survey. IEEE Geoscience Remote Sens. Magazine. 10(2), 87\u2013119 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Geoscience Remote Sens. Magazine"},{"key":"4969_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, C.P., Li, H., Wei, Y., **a, T., Tang, Y.Y.: A local contrast method for small infrared target detection. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 52(1), 574\u2013581 (2013)","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2013.2242477"},{"key":"4969_CR5","first-page":"1","volume":"61","author":"Y Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Wan, M., Zhang, X., Wu, J., Chen, Y., Chen, Q., Gu, G.: Infrared small target detection based on local contrast-weighted multidirectional derivative. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 61, 1\u201316 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"4969_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guan, S., Zhou, D., Wang, X.: Infrared Small Target Detection Based on Hier-archical Terrace Contrast Measure. IEEE Access (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3422674"},{"key":"4969_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, B., ** Lin, M., Li, W., An, Guo, Y.: Dense nested attention network for infrared small target detection. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 32, 1745\u20131758 (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2022.3199107"},{"key":"4969_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2022.3228497","volume":"32","author":"X Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu, X., Hong, D., Chanussot, J.: UIU-Net: U-Net in U-Net for infrared small object detection. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 32, 364\u2013376 (2022)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"4969_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5921","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2023.3326396","volume":"32","author":"F Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, F., Gao, C., Chen, F., Meng, D., Zuo, W., Gao, X.: Infrared small and dim target detection with transformer under complex backgrounds. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 32, 5921\u20135932 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"key":"4969_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuan, S., Qin, H., Yan, X., Akhtar, N., Mian, A.: Sctransnet: Spatial-channel Cross Transformer Network for Infrared Small Target Detection. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (2024)","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2024.3383649"},{"issue":"11","key":"4969_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9813","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2020.3044958","volume":"59","author":"Y Dai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dai, Y., Wu, Y., Zhou, F., Barnard, K.: Attentional local contrast networks for infrared small target detection. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 59(11), 9813\u20139824 (2021)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"issue":"18","key":"4969_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4387","DOI":"10.3390\/rs15184387","volume":"15","author":"T Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao, T., Cao, J., Hao, Q., Bao, C., Shi, M.: Res-swintransformer with local contrast attention for infrared small target detection. Remote Sens. 15(18), 4387 (2023)","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"4969_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2023.3266447","volume":"61","author":"B Nian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nian, B., Jiang, B., Shi, H., Zhang, Y.: Local contrast attention guide network for detecting infrared small targets. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 61, 1\u201313 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"4969_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Z., Liu, Z., Liu, J.: Local Contrast Prior-Guided Cross Aggregation Model for Effective Infrared Small Target Detection. In ICASSP 2024\u20132024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (pp. 4315\u20134319). IEEE. (2024).","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP48485.2024.10446391"},{"key":"4969_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2023.3330882","volume":"20","author":"G Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen, G., Wang, Z., Wang, W., Li, X., Wu, H.: Holistic modularization of local contrast in the end-to-end network for infrared small target detection. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 20, 1\u20135 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"4969_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, J., Shen, L., Sun, G.: Squeeze-and-excitation networks. In Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 7132\u20137141). (2018)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00745"},{"key":"4969_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Woo, S., Park, J., Lee, J.Y., Kweon, I.S.: Cbam: Convolutional block attention module. In Proceedings of the European conference on computer vision (ECCV) (pp. 3\u201319). (2018)","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-01234-2_1"},{"issue":"7","key":"4969_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13071400","volume":"13","author":"L Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li, L., Liu, L., He, Y., Zhong, Z.: USES-Net: An infrared dim and small target detection network with embedded knowledge priors. Electronics. 13(7), 1400 (2024)","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"4969_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, M., Zhang, R., Yang, Y., Bai, H., Zhang, J., Guo, J.: ISNet: Shape matters for infrared small target detection. In Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (pp. 877\u2013886). (2022)","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.00095"},{"issue":"6","key":"4969_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patcog.2009.12.023","volume":"43","author":"X Bai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bai, X., Zhou, F.: Analysis of new top-hat transformation and the application for infrared dim small target detection. Pattern Recogn. 43(6), 2145\u20132156 (2010)","journal-title":"Pattern Recogn."},{"issue":"9","key":"4969_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.1109\/LGRS.2020.3004978","volume":"18","author":"J Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han, J., Moradi, S., Faramarzi, I., Zhang, H., Zhao, Q., Zhang, X., Li, N.: Infrared small target detection based on the weighted strengthened local contrast measure. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 18(9), 1670\u20131674 (2020)","journal-title":"IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett."},{"key":"4969_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2023.3335418","volume":"61","author":"H Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, H., Bai, J., Yang, F., Bai, X.: Receptive-field and direction induced attention network for infrared dim small target detection with a large-scale dataset IRDST. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 61, 1\u201313 (2023)","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."}],"container-title":["Signal, Image and Video Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04969-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04969-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04969-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,3]],"date-time":"2025-12-03T00:55:48Z","timestamp":1764723348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04969-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4969"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11760-025-04969-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1863-1703","1863-1711"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1863-1703"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1863-1711"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 November 2025","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 November 2025","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 November 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1379"}}