{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T15:44:10Z","timestamp":1779896650573,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]],"date-time":"2018-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Eng Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-018-0023-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]],"date-time":"2018-02-19T10:20:00Z","timestamp":1519035600000},"page":"771-789","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Testing Hypotheses on Risk Factors for Scientific Misconduct via Matched-Control Analysis of Papers Containing Problematic Image Duplications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1780-1958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"Fanelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Costas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ferric C.","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arturo","family":"Casadevall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth M.","family":"Bik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"23_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-007-9042-5","volume":"13","author":"M Anderson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Anderson, M., Ronning, E., De Vries, R., & Martinson, B. (2007). The perverse effects of competition on scientists\u2019 work and relationships. Science and Engineering Ethics, 13(4), 437\u2013461.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"23_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00809","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00809-16","volume":"7","author":"EM Bik","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bik, E. M., Casadevall, A., & Fang, F. C. (2016). The prevalence of inappropriate image duplication in biomedical research publications. Mbio, 7(3), e00809\u2013e00816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mBio.00809-16 .","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"key":"23_CR3","unstructured":"Caron, E., & Van Eck, N. J. (2014). Large scale author name disambiguation using rule-based scoring and clustering.. In E. Noyons (Ed.), Proceedings of the 19th international conference on science and technology indicators, Leiden, The Netherlands (pp. 79\u201386). Universiteit Leiden\u2014CWTS."},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s11192-011-0368-z","volume":"88","author":"R Costas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Costas, R., & Bordons, M. (2011). Do age and professional rank influence the order of authorship in scientific publications? Some evidence from a micro-level perspective. Scientometrics, 88(1), 145\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11192-011-0368-z .","journal-title":"Scientometrics"},{"key":"23_CR5","unstructured":"DFG. (2010). Quality not quantity\u2014DFG adopts rules to counter the flood of publications in research. http:\/\/www.dfg.de\/en\/service\/press\/press_releases\/2010\/pressemitteilung_nr_07\/index.html ."},{"key":"23_CR6","unstructured":"DORA. (2012). San Francisco declaration on research assessment. http:\/\/www.ascb.org\/dora\/ ."},{"issue":"5","key":"23_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5738","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005738","volume":"4","author":"D Fanelli","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fanelli, D. (2009). How many scientists fabricate and falsify research? A systematic review and meta-analysis of survey data. PLoS ONE, 4(5), e5738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0005738 .","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"23_CR8","unstructured":"Fanelli, D. (2012). When east meets west \u2026 does bias increase? A preliminary study on South Korea, United States and other countries. In C. Ho-Nam, K. Hye-Sun, N. Kyung-Ran, L. Seon-Hee, K. Hye-Jin, & H. Kretschmer (Eds.), 8th international conference on webometrics, informetrics and scientometrics and 13th COLLNET meeting, Seoul, South Korea, 23\u201326 October 2012 (pp. 47\u201351). Seoul: KISTI."},{"issue":"12","key":"23_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001563","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001563","volume":"10","author":"D Fanelli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fanelli, D. (2013). Why growing retractions are (mostly) a good sign. PLoS Medicine, 10(12), e1001563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001563 .","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"23_CR10","unstructured":"Fanelli, D., Costas, R., Fang, F., Casadevall, A., & Bik, E. (2016). What study and author characteristics predict scientific misconduct? https:\/\/osf.io\/w53yu\/ ."},{"issue":"14","key":"23_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3714","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1618569114","volume":"114","author":"D Fanelli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fanelli, D., Costas, R., & Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2017). Meta-assessment of bias in science. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(14), 3714\u20133719. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1618569114 .","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"23_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0127556","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127556","volume":"10","author":"D Fanelli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fanelli, D., Costas, R., & Larivi\u00e8re, V. (2015). Misconduct policies, academic culture and career stage, not gender or pressures to publish, affect scientific integrity. PLoS ONE, 10(6), e0127556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0127556 .","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"3","key":"23_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0149504","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149504","volume":"11","author":"D Fanelli","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fanelli, D., & Larivi\u00e8re, V. (2016). Researchers\u2019 individual publication rate has not increased in a century. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0149504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0149504 .","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00640-12","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00640-12","volume":"4","author":"FC Fang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fang, F. C., Bennett, J. W., & Casadevall, A. (2013). Males are overrepresented among life science researchers committing scientific misconduct. Mbio, 4(1), e00640-12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.00640-12 .","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"issue":"42","key":"23_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17028","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1212247109","volume":"109","author":"FC Fang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fang, F. C., Steen, R. G., & Casadevall, A. (2012). Misconduct accounts for the majority of retracted scientific publications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(42), 17028\u201317033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1212247109 .","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"4","key":"23_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","volume":"41","author":"F Faul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A. G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41(4), 1149\u20131160.","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1177\/1948550615612150","volume":"7","author":"K Fiedler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fiedler, K., & Schwarz, N. (2016). Questionable research practices revisited. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 7(1), 45\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1948550615612150 .","journal-title":"Social Psychological and Personality Science"},{"issue":"6043","key":"23_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1197286","volume":"333","author":"C Franzoni","year":"2011","unstructured":"Franzoni, C., Scellato, G., & Stephan, P. (2011). Changing incentives to publish. Science, 333(6043), 702\u2013703. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1197286 .","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"23_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044118","volume":"7","author":"ML Grieneisen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grieneisen, M. L., & Zhang, M. H. (2012). A comprehensive survey of retracted articles from the scholarly literature. PLoS ONE, 7(10), 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0044118 .","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"23_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611430953","volume":"23","author":"LK John","year":"2012","unstructured":"John, L. K., Loewenstein, G., & Prelec, D. (2012). Measuring the prevalence of questionable research practices with incentives for truth telling. Psychological Science, 23(5), 524\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956797611430953 .","journal-title":"Psychological Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"23_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00156-13","volume":"4","author":"A Kaatz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaatz, A., Vogelman, P. N., & Carnes, M. (2013). Are men more likely than women to commit scientific misconduct? Maybe, maybe not. Mbio, 4(2), 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/mbio.00156-13 .","journal-title":"Mbio"},{"issue":"3","key":"23_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1353\/sof.0.0282","volume":"88","author":"C Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee, C., & Schrank, A. (2010). Incubating innovation or cultivating corruption? The developmental state and the life sciences in Asia. Social Forces, 88(3), 1231\u20131255.","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"key":"23_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1038\/srep03146","volume":"3","author":"SF Lu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lu, S. F., Jin, G. Z., Uzzi, B., & Jones, B. (2013). The retraction penalty: Evidence from the web of science. Scientific Reports, 3, 5. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep03146 .","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"23_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4000\/books.editionscnrs.31478","volume-title":"La signature scientifique: Une sociologie pragmatique de l\u2019attribution","author":"D Pontille","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pontille, D. (2004). La signature scientifique: Une sociologie pragmatique de l\u2019attribution. Paris: CNRS Sociologie."},{"key":"23_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-014-9600-6","author":"V Pupovac","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pupovac, V., & Fanelli, D. (2014). Scientists admitting to plagiarism: A meta-analysis of surveys. Science and Engineering Ethics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-014-9600-6 .","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"7278","key":"23_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1038\/463142a","volume":"463","author":"J Qiu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qiu, J. (2010). Publish or perish in China. Nature, 463(7278), 142\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/463142a .","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5890","key":"23_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1158052","volume":"321","author":"BK Redman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Redman, B. K., & Merz, J. F. (2008). Scientific misconduct: Do the punishments fit the crime? Science, 321(5890), 775.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"23_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/08989621.2014.958218","volume":"22","author":"DB Resnik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Resnik, D. B., Rasmussen, L. M., & Kissling, G. E. (2015). An international study of research misconduct policies. Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance, 22(5), 249\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08989621.2014.958218 .","journal-title":"Accountability in Research-Policies and Quality Assurance"},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-006-0006-y","volume":"12","author":"NH Steneck","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steneck, N. H. (2006). Fostering integrity in research: Definitions, current knowledge, and future directions. Science and Engineering Ethics, 12(1), 53\u201374.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"23_CR30","unstructured":"Therneau, T. (2014). A package for survival analysis in S_. R package version 2.37-7."},{"issue":"7","key":"23_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.22636","volume":"63","author":"HP Dalen van","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Dalen, H. P., & Henkens, K. (2012). Intended and unintended consequences of a publish-or-perish culture: A worldwide survey. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(7), 1282\u20131293. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/asi.22636 .","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"23_CR32","unstructured":"VSNU. (2015). Protocol for research assessments in the Netherlands."},{"issue":"1","key":"23_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joi.2010.08.001","volume":"5","author":"L Waltman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Waltman, L., van Eck, N. J., van Leeuwen, T. N., Visser, M. S., & van Raan, A. F. J. (2011). Towards a new crown indicator: Some theoretical considerations. Journal of Informetrics, 5(1), 37\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joi.2010.08.001 .","journal-title":"Journal of Informetrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"23_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-008-9074-5","volume":"14","author":"D Wright","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wright, D., Titus, S., & Cornelison, J. (2008). Mentoring and research misconduct: An analysis of research mentoring in closed ORI cases. Science and Engineering Ethics, 14(3), 323\u2013336.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"}],"container-title":["Science and Engineering Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11948-018-0023-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11948-018-0023-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11948-018-0023-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T04:54:06Z","timestamp":1603860846000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11948-018-0023-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-018-0023-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/126805","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-3452","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-5546","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 July 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}