{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T08:40:18Z","timestamp":1771922418354,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004497","name":"Onderzoeksraad, KU Leuven","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C24\/15\/032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C24\/15\/032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Eng Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-021-00290-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]],"date-time":"2021-01-27T14:02:51Z","timestamp":1611756171000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Educating PhD Students in Research Integrity in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3054-6971","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shila","family":"Abdi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Pizzolato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Nemery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kris","family":"Dierickx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"290_CR1","unstructured":"ALLEA (All European Academies). (2017). The European code of conduct for research integrity. Retrieved April 7, 2019 from https:\/\/www.allea.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/ALLEA-European-Code-of-Conduct-for-Research-Integrity-2017.pdf."},{"issue":"1","key":"290_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1177\/1556264616688980","volume":"12","author":"N Aubert Bonn","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aubert Bonn, N., Godecharle, S., & Dierickx, K. (2017). European universities\u2019 guidance on research integrity and misconduct: accessibility, approaches, and content. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 12(1), 33\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1556264616688980.","journal-title":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics"},{"issue":"7188","key":"290_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/452686a","volume":"452","author":"C Boesz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boesz, C., & Lloyd, N. (2008). Investigating international misconduct. Nature, 452(7188), 686\u2013687. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/452686a.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"290_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.03.003","volume":"13","author":"D Bogle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bogle, D., Dron, M., Eggermont, J., & van Henten, J. W. (2011). Doctoral degrees beyond 2010: Training talented researchers for society. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 13, 35\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sbspro.2011.03.003.","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"290_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-020-00178-5","author":"L Bouter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bouter, L. (2020). What research institutions can do to foster research integrity. Science and Engineering Ethics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-020-00178-5.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"290_CR6","unstructured":"Danish Committee on Research Misconduct. (2017). Regulation for the DCRM. Retrieved March 9, 2020 from https:\/\/ufm.dk\/en\/legislation\/prevailing-laws-and-regulations\/research-and-innovation\/Videnskabeliguredelighedeng.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"290_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215824401452263","DOI":"10.1177\/2158244014522633","volume":"4","author":"S Elo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elo, S., K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4inen, M., Kanste, O., P\u00f6lkki, T., Utriainen, K., & Kyng\u00e4s, H. (2014). Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness. SAGE Open, 4(1), 215824401452263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2158244014522633.","journal-title":"SAGE Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"290_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x","volume":"62","author":"S Elo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Elo, S., & Kyng\u00e4s, H. (2008). The qualitative content analysis process. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(1), 107\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"290_CR9","unstructured":"Epigeum. Retrieved April 2, 2019 from https:\/\/epigeum.com\/."},{"issue":"4","key":"290_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-018-0034-4","volume":"24","author":"E-M Forsberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Forsberg, E.-M., Anthun, F. O., Bailey, S., Birchley, G., Bout, H., Casonato, C., et al. (2018). Working with research integrity\u2014Guidance for research performing organisations: The Bonn PRINTEGER Statement. Science and Engineering Ethics, 24(4), 1023\u20131034. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-018-0034-4.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"9872","key":"290_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60759-X","volume":"381","author":"S Godecharle","year":"2013","unstructured":"Godecharle, S., Nemery, B., & Dierickx, K. (2013). Guidance on research integrity: No union in Europe. The Lancet, 381(9872), 1097\u20131098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60759-X.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"290_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1177\/1556264614540594","volume":"9","author":"S Godecharle","year":"2014","unstructured":"Godecharle, S., Nemery, B., & Dierickx, K. (2014). Heterogeneity in European Research Integrity Guidance. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 9(3), 79\u201390.","journal-title":"Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics"},{"issue":"3","key":"290_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1080\/08989620500217420","volume":"12","author":"E Heitman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Heitman, E., & Ellen Bulger, R. (2005). Assessing the educational literature in the responsible conduct of research for core content. Accountability in Research, 12(3), 207\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08989620500217420.","journal-title":"Accountability in Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"290_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1080\/21507716.2011.564263","volume":"2","author":"AA Kon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kon, A. A., Schilling, D. A., Heitman, E., Steneck, N. H., & DuBois, J. M. (2011). Content analysis of major textbooks and online resources used in responsible conduct of research instruction. AJOB Primary Research, 2(1), 42\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21507716.2011.564263.","journal-title":"AJOB Primary Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"290_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-014-9607-z","volume":"21","author":"SB Krsti\u0107","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krsti\u0107, S. B. (2015). Research integrity practices from the perspective of early-career researchers. Science and Engineering Ethics, 21(5), 1181\u20131196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-014-9607-z.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"290_CR15","unstructured":"Lerouge, I., & Hol, A. (2020). Towards a research integrity culture at universities: From recommendations to implementation. Retrieved March 6, 2020 from https:\/\/www.leru.org\/files\/Towards-a-Research-Integrity-Culture-at-Universities-full-paper.pdf."},{"issue":"2","key":"290_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205395171771885","DOI":"10.1177\/2053951717718853","volume":"4","author":"MS Mayernik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mayernik, M. S. (2017). Open data: Accountability and transparency. Big Data & Society, 4(2), 205395171771885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2053951717718853.","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"issue":"7829","key":"290_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-020-02847-8","volume":"586","author":"N Mejlgaard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mejlgaard, N., Bouter, L. M., Gaskell, G., Kavouras, P., Allum, N., Bendtsen, A.-K., et al. (2020). Research integrity: Nine ways to move from talk to walk. Nature, 586(7829), 358\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/d41586-020-02847-8.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"290_CR18","first-page":"265","volume-title":"The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investigations","author":"RK Merton","year":"1973","unstructured":"Merton, R. K. (1973). The normative structure of science. The sociology of science: Theoretical and empirical investigations (pp. 265\u2013278). Chicago: Chicago University Press."},{"issue":"7","key":"290_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3000737","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000737","volume":"18","author":"D Moher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moher, D., Bouter, L., Kleinert, S., Glasziou, P., Sham, M. H., Barbour, V., et al. (2020). The Hong Kong Principles for assessing researchers: Fostering research integrity. PLOS Biology, 18(7), e3000737. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000737.","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"290_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2004089","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.2004089","volume":"16","author":"D Moher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moher, D., Naudet, F., Cristea, I. A., Miedema, F., Ioannidis, J. P. A., & Goodman, S. N. (2018). Assessing scientists for hiring, promotion, and tenure. PLOS Biology, 16(3), e2004089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pbio.2004089.","journal-title":"PLOS Biology"},{"key":"290_CR21","volume-title":"Fostering integrity in research","author":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine","year":"2017","unstructured":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine. (2017). Fostering integrity in research. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press."},{"key":"290_CR22","unstructured":"National Institutes of Health (NIH). (2009). NIH update on the requirement for instruction in the responsible conduct of research. NOT-OD-10-019. Retrieved November 18, 2020, from https:\/\/grants.nih.gov\/grants\/guide\/notice-files\/NOT-OD-10-019.html."},{"key":"290_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Netherlands Code of Conduct for Research Integrity. (2018). Retrieved April 7, 2019 from https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17026\/dans-2cj-nvwu.","DOI":"10.17026\/dans-2cj-nvwu"},{"issue":"1","key":"290_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-017-9883-5","volume":"24","author":"T Phillips","year":"2018","unstructured":"Phillips, T., Nestor, F., Beach, G., & Heitman, E. (2018). America COMPETES at 5 years: An analysis of research-intensive universities\u2019 RCR training plans. Science and Engineering Ethics, 24(1), 227\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-017-9883-5.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"9","key":"290_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e318260fe5c","volume":"87","author":"DB Resnik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Resnik, D. B., & Dinse, G. E. (2012). Do U.S. research institutions meet or exceed federal requirements for instruction in responsible conduct of research? A national survey. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 87(9), 1237\u20131242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACM.0b013e318260fe5c.","journal-title":"Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges"},{"issue":"5","key":"290_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1080\/08989621.2014.958218","volume":"22","author":"DB Resnik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Resnik, D. B., Rasmussen, L. M., & Kissling, G. E. (2015). An International study of research misconduct policies. Accountability in Research, 22(5), 249\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08989621.2014.958218.","journal-title":"Accountability in Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"290_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/08989621.2011.557296","volume":"18","author":"DB Resnik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Resnik, D. B., & Shamoo, A. E. (2011). The Singapore Statement on research integrity. Accountability in Research, 18(2), 71\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08989621.2011.557296.","journal-title":"Accountability in Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"290_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-006-0006-y","volume":"12","author":"NH Steneck","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steneck, N. H. (2006). Fostering integrity in research: Definitions, current knowledge, and future directions. Science and Engineering Ethics, 12(1), 22.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"290_CR29","unstructured":"The Guardian. (2013). German education minister quits over PhD plagiarism. Retrieved May 10, 2019 from https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2013\/feb\/09\/german-education-minister-quits-phd-plagiarism."},{"key":"290_CR30","unstructured":"The Guardian. (2002). Big trouble in the world of 'Big Physics'. Retrieved May 10, 2019 from https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/education\/2002\/sep\/18\/science.highereducation."},{"issue":"6","key":"290_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-017-9869-3","volume":"23","author":"EM Todd","year":"2017","unstructured":"Todd, E. M., Watts, L. L., Mulhearn, T. J., Torrence, B. S., Turner, M. R., Connelly, S., & Mumford, M. D. (2017). A meta-analytic comparison of face-to-face and online delivery in ethics instruction: The case for a hybrid approach. Science and Engineering Ethics, 23(6), 1719\u20131754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-017-9869-3.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"290_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/10508422.2016.1182025","volume":"27","author":"LL Watts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Watts, L. L., Medeiros, K. E., Mulhearn, T. J., Steele, L. M., Connelly, S., & Mumford, M. D. (2017). Are ethics training programs improving? A meta-analytic review of past and present ethics instruction in the sciences. Ethics & Behavior, 27(5), 351\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10508422.2016.1182025.","journal-title":"Ethics & Behavior"},{"key":"290_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511541391","volume-title":"Real science: What it is, and what it means","author":"J Ziman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ziman, J. (2000). Real science: What it is, and what it means. Cambridge: Cambridge University."}],"container-title":["Science and Engineering Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11948-021-00290-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11948-021-00290-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11948-021-00290-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T12:35:37Z","timestamp":1614688537000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11948-021-00290-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["290"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-021-00290-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-3452","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-5546","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 December 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"BN and KD are involved in teaching research integrity at the KU Leuven. This research project was funded by the KU Leuven but the institution had no role in designing, performing, nor the findings of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"5"}}