{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T01:46:37Z","timestamp":1780451197133,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024301"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2130924"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2130924"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1449370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1449370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1449470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1449470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1449479"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1449479"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1449490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1449490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Eng Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prior research on engineering students\u2019 understandings of ethics and social responsibility has produced mixed and sometimes conflicting results. Seeking greater clarity in this area of investigation, we conducted an exploratory, longitudinal study at four universities in the United States to better understand how engineering undergraduate students perceive ethics and social responsibility and how those perceptions change over time. Undergraduate engineering students at four U.S. universities were surveyed three times: during their 1st (Fall 2015), 5th (Fall 2017), and 8th semesters (Spring 2019). The students who completed all three surveys (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009226) comprise the sample that was analyzed in this paper for changes in their scores on five instruments: Fundamentals of Engineering\/Situational Judgment, Moral Disengagement, ABET Engineering Work and Practice Considerations, Macroethics, and Political and Social Involvement Scale. We found that students modestly increased their knowledge of ethics and ability to apply that knowledge in situations calling for them to exercise judgment. In addition, they consistently indicated that health and safety considerations in engineering were of highest importance. They also showed steady levels of social consciousness over time, in contrast to other studies which detected a culture of increasing disengagement in engineering students throughout the four years of their undergraduate studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-024-00462-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]],"date-time":"2024-02-12T17:02:22Z","timestamp":1707757342000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Measures of Ethics and Social Responsibility Among Undergraduate Engineering Students: Findings from a Longitudinal Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9165-3562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shiloh James","family":"Howland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3056-5144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brent K.","family":"Jesiek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Claussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla B.","family":"Zoltowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"462_CR1","unstructured":"ABET, Inc. (2018). Criteria for accrediting engineering programs: Effective for reviews during the 2019\u20132020 accreditation cycle. ABET, Inc. https:\/\/www.abet.org\/accreditation\/accreditation-criteria\/criteria-for-accrediting-engineering-programs-2019-2020\/"},{"key":"462_CR2","unstructured":"American Society for Engineering Education. (2020). Engineering and engineering technology by the numbers 2019. https:\/\/ira.asee.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Binder1.pdf"},{"key":"462_CR3","volume-title":"Civil engineering body of knowledge: Preparing the future civil engineer","author":"American Society of Civil Engineers","year":"2019","unstructured":"American Society of Civil Engineers. (2019). Civil engineering body of knowledge: Preparing the future civil engineer (3rd edn.). American Society of Civil Engineers.","edition":"3"},{"key":"462_CR4","volume-title":"What matters in college?","author":"AW Astin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Astin, A. W. (1993). What matters in college? Jossey-Bass Publishing Inc."},{"issue":"5","key":"462_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-015-9706-5","volume":"22","author":"AR Bielefeldt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bielefeldt, A. R., & Canney, N. E. (2016). Changes in the social responsibility attitudes of engineering students over time. Science and Engineering Ethics, 22(5), 1535\u20131551.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"462_CR6","unstructured":"Blaich, C., & Wise, K. (2011). The Wabash national study\u2014the impact of teaching practices and institutional conditions on student growth. In American educational research association annual meeting, New Orleans, LA, April 8\u201312, 2011. http:\/\/www.liberalarts.wabash.edu\/storage\/Wabash-Study-Student-Growth_Blaich-Wise_AERA-2011.pdf"},{"key":"462_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-009-9148-z","volume":"16","author":"J Borenstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borenstein, J., Drake, M. J., Kirkman, R., & Swann, J. L. (2010). The engineering and science issues test (ESIT): A discipline-specific approach to assessing moral judgment. Science and Engineering Ethics, 16, 387\u2013407.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"1B","key":"462_CR8","first-page":"414","volume":"31","author":"N Canney","year":"2015","unstructured":"Canney, N., & Bielefeldt, A. (2015a). A framework for the development of social responsibility in engineers. International Journal of Engineering Education, 31(1B), 414\u2013424.","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"462_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"04015004","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.00002","volume":"141","author":"N Canney","year":"2015","unstructured":"Canney, N., & Bielefeldt, A. (2015b). Differences in engineering students\u2019 views of social responsibility between disciplines. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 141(4), 04015004. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1061\/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.00002","journal-title":"Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"462_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1615\/JWomenMinorScienEng.2015011109","volume":"21","author":"N Canney","year":"2015","unstructured":"Canney, N., & Bielefeldt, A. (2015c). Gender differences in the social responsibility attitudes of engineering students and how they change over time. Journal of Women & Minorities in Science and Engineering, 21(3), 215\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1615\/JWomenMinorScienEng.2015011109","journal-title":"Journal of Women & Minorities in Science and Engineering"},{"key":"462_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carpenter, D. D., Sutkus, J., Finelli, C. J., Harding, T. S., Harris, R., & Cole, M. L. (2015). Assessing the ethical development of students in an undergraduate civil engineering course using a standardized instrument. In Proceedings of the 2015 ASEE annual conference & exposition, Seattle, Washington, June 14\u201317, 2015.","DOI":"10.18260\/p.23587"},{"issue":"1","key":"462_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/0162243913504305","volume":"39","author":"EA Cech","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cech, E. A. (2014). Culture of disengagement in engineering education? Science, Technology, & Human Values, 39(1), 42\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0162243913504305","journal-title":"Science, Technology, & Human Values"},{"issue":"2","key":"462_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1109\/TE.2004.842900","volume":"48","author":"EA Clancy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clancy, E. A., Quinn, P., & Miller, J. E. (2005). Assessment of a case study laboratory to increase awareness of ethical issues in engineering. IEEE Transactions on Education, 48(2), 313\u2013317.","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Education"},{"key":"462_CR46","unstructured":"Claussen, S.A., Stepback, L., Jesiek, B., Zoltowski, C., & Howland, S. (n.d.) Using reflexive principlism to investigate longitudinal changes in engineering students' perceptions of ethics. Studies in Engineering Education (forthcoming)."},{"issue":"3","key":"462_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2168-9830.2008.tb00982.x","volume":"97","author":"A Colby","year":"2008","unstructured":"Colby, A., & Sullivan, W. M. (2008). Ethics teaching in undergraduate engineering education. Journal of Engineering Education, 97(3), 327\u2013338.","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"462_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.93.2.374","volume":"93","author":"JR Detert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Detert, J. R., Trevino, L. K., & Sweitzer, V. L. (2008). Moral disengagement in ethical decision making: A study of antecedents and outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(2), 374\u2013391.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"462_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2168-9830.2005.tb00843.x","volume":"94","author":"M Drake","year":"2005","unstructured":"Drake, M., Griffin, P. M., Kirkman, R., & Swann, J. L. (2005). Engineering ethical curricula: Assessment and comparison of two approaches. Journal of Engineering Education, 94(2), 223\u2013231.","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Education"},{"key":"462_CR17","unstructured":"Ellison, K., Canary, H. E., Herkert, J., & Robert, J. (2013). Engaging graduate students and faculty in ethics across the curriculum. In 15th International conference on ethics across the curriculum, Corvallis, Oregon."},{"key":"462_CR18","unstructured":"Feister, M. W. K., Zoltowski, C. B., Buzzanell, P. M., Oakes, W. C., & Zhu, Q. (2014b). Understanding team ethical climate through interview data. In Proceedings of the 2014 ASEE annual conference and exposition, Indianapolis, IN, June 15\u201318, 2014."},{"key":"462_CR19","unstructured":"Feister, M. W. K., Zoltowski, C. B., Buzzanell, P. M., Zhu, Q., & Oakes, W. C. (2014a). Making sense of ethics in engineering education: A discursive examination of students\u2019 perceptions of work and ethics on multidisciplinary project teams. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE international symposium on ethics in engineering, science and technology, Chicago, IL, May 23\u201324, 2014."},{"issue":"3","key":"462_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2168-9830.2012.tb00058.x","volume":"101","author":"CJ Finelli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Finelli, C. J., Holsapple, M. A., Ra, E., Bielby, R. M., Burt, B. A., Carpenter, D. D., Harding, T. S., & Sutkus, J. A. (2012). An assessment of engineering students\u2019 curricular and co-curricular experiences and their ethical development. Journal of Engineering Education, 101(3), 469\u2013494.","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Education"},{"key":"462_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fuentes, D. S., Warnick, G. M., Jesiek, B. K., & Davies, R. (2016). A longitudinal study of social and ethical responsibility among undergraduate engineering students: Preliminary survey results. In Proceedings of the ASEE annual conference and exposition, New Orleans, LA, June 26\u201329, 2016.","DOI":"10.18260\/p.26348"},{"issue":"1","key":"462_CR21","first-page":"15","volume":"3","author":"SM Graves","year":"2008","unstructured":"Graves, S. M. (2008). Student cheating habits: A predictor of workplace deviance. Journal of Diversity Management, 3(1), 15\u201322.","journal-title":"Journal of Diversity Management"},{"key":"462_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harding, T. S., Carpenter, D. D., & Finelli, C. J. (2013). Two years later: A longitudinal look at the impact of engineering ethics education. In Proceedings of the 2013 ASEE annual conference and exposition, Atlanta, GA, June 23\u201326, 2013.","DOI":"10.18260\/1-2--22657"},{"issue":"3","key":"462_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-005-0006-3","volume":"11","author":"JR Herkert","year":"2005","unstructured":"Herkert, J. R. (2005). Ways of thinking about and teaching ethical problem solving: Microethics and macroethics in engineering. Science and Engineering Ethics, 11(3), 373\u2013385.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"462_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/jee.20249","volume":"108","author":"JL Hess","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hess, J. L., Beever, J., Zoltowski, C. B., Kisselburgh, L., & Brightman, A. O. (2019). Enhancing engineering students\u2019 ethical reasoning: Situating reflexive principlism within the SIRA framework. Journal of Engineering Education, 108(1), 82\u2013102.","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"462_CR25","first-page":"551","volume":"24","author":"JL Hess","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hess, J. L., & Fore, G. (2018). A systematic literature review of US engineering ethics interventions. Science and Engineering Ethics, 24(2), 551\u2013583.","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"462_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Howland, S. M. J., Warnick, G. M., Zoltowski, C. Z., Jesiek, B. K., & Davies, R. (2018). A longitudinal study of social and ethical responsibility among undergraduate engineering students: Comparing baseline and mid-point survey results. In Proceedings of the ASEE annual conference and exposition, Salt Lake City, UT, June 24\u201327, 2018.","DOI":"10.18260\/1-2--29693"},{"key":"462_CR26","volume-title":"Psychological journeys of engineering identity from school to the workplace: How students become engineers among other forms of self","author":"JL Huff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huff, J. L. (2014). Psychological journeys of engineering identity from school to the workplace: How students become engineers among other forms of self. Purdue University."},{"key":"462_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jesiek, B. K., Buswell, N. T., & Zhu, Q. (2018). Global engineering competency: Assessment tools and training strategies. In Proceedings of the 2018 ASEE annual conference and exposition, Salt Lake City, UT, June 24\u201327, 2018.","DOI":"10.18260\/1-2--30559"},{"key":"462_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jesiek, B. K., Claussen, S., Kim, D., Stepback, L., & Zoltowski, C. B. (2022). Exploring perceptions of ethics and social responsibility among engineering students and professionals: Research highlights and implications for the field. In Proceedings of the 2022 ASEE annual conference and exposition, Minneapolis, MN, June 26\u201329, 2022.","DOI":"10.18260\/1-2--41360"},{"key":"462_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, D., Odon, P. W., Zoltowski, C. Z., & Jesiek, B. K. (2018). Investigating moral disengagement among first-year engineering students Frontiers in Education (FIE) Conference, San Jose, CA, Oct. 3-6, 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/FIE.2018.8659250","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE.2018.8659250"},{"key":"462_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kim, D., Jesiek, B. K., & Howland, S. J. (2021). Longitudinal investigation of moral disengagement among undergraduate engineering students: Findings from a mixed-methods study. Ethics & Behavior, 32(8), 691\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10508422.2021.1958330","DOI":"10.1080\/10508422.2021.1958330"},{"issue":"1","key":"462_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.24908\/ijesjp.v1i1.3507","volume":"1","author":"JA Leydens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leydens, J. A., Lucena, J. C., & Schneider, J. (2012). Are engineering and social justice (in)commensurable? A theoretical exploration of macro-sociological frameworks. International Journal of Engineering, Social Justice, and Peace, 1(1), 63\u201382.","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering, Social Justice, and Peace"},{"issue":"4","key":"462_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2168-9830.2005.tb00866.x","volume":"94","author":"M Loui","year":"2005","unstructured":"Loui, M. (2005). Ethics and the development of professional identities in engineering students. Journal of Engineering Education, 94(4), 383\u2013390.","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"462_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2168-9830.2006.tb00879.x","volume":"95","author":"M Loui","year":"2006","unstructured":"Loui, M. (2006). Assessment of an engineering ethics video: Incident at Morales. Journal of Engineering Education, 95(1), 85\u201391.","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Education"},{"key":"462_CR30","unstructured":"National Society of Professional Engineers. (2019). Code of ethics for engineers. https:\/\/www.nspe.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/pdfs\/Ethics\/CodeofEthics\/NSPECodeofEthicsforEngineers.pdf"},{"key":"462_CR31","volume-title":"The engineer of 2020: Visions of engineering in the new century","author":"National Academy of Engineering","year":"2004","unstructured":"National Academy of Engineering. (2004). The engineer of 2020: Visions of engineering in the new century. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press."},{"key":"462_CR53","unstructured":"Nittala, S., Howland, S. M. J., & Jesiek, B. K. (2019). Changes in perceptions of ethical climate among undergraduate engineering students. SEFI (European society for engineering education) annual conference"},{"key":"462_CR32","unstructured":"Pascarella, E. T. (2007). Methodological report for Wabash national study of liberal arts education. https:\/\/centerofinquiry.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/WNSLAE_Research_Methods_March_2008.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"462_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.2307\/3560621","volume":"12","author":"J Rest","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rest, J. (1982). A psychologist looks at the teaching of ethics. The Hastings Center Report, 12(1), 29\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/3560621","journal-title":"The Hastings Center Report"},{"issue":"4","key":"462_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.91.4.644","volume":"91","author":"JR Rest","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rest, J. R., Narvaez, D., Thoma, S. J., & Bebeau, M. J. (1999). DIT2: Devising and testing a revised instrument of moral judgment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 91(4), 644\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-0663.91.4.644","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"key":"462_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-79940-2","volume-title":"Engineering and social justice","author":"D Riley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Riley, D. (2008). Engineering and social justice. Morgan and Claypool Publishers."},{"key":"462_CR36","volume-title":"Development and evaluation of a model to assess engineering ethical reasoning and decision making (Order no. 3384898)","author":"E Rudnicka","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rudnicka, E. (2009). Development and evaluation of a model to assess engineering ethical reasoning and decision making (Order no. 3384898). University of Pittsburgh."},{"key":"462_CR37","volume-title":"The American freshman: National norms for Fall 2000","author":"LJ Sax","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sax, L. J., Astin, A. W., Korn, W. S., & Mahoney, K. M. (2000). The American freshman: National norms for Fall 2000. Los Angeles, CA: Higher Education Research Institute."},{"key":"462_CR38","volume-title":"Educating engineers: Designing for the future of the field","author":"S Sheppard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sheppard, S., Macatangay, K., Colby, A., & Sullivan, W. M. (2009). Educating engineers: Designing for the future of the field. Jossey-Bass Publishing Inc."},{"key":"462_CR39","unstructured":"Shuman, L. J., Sindelar, M. F., Besterfield-Sacre, M., Wolfe, H., Pinkus, R. L., Miller, Olds, B., & Mitcham, C. (2004). Can our students recognize and resolve ethical dilemmas? In Proceedings of the 2004 ASEE annual conference and exposition, Salt Lake City, UT, June 20\u201323, 2004."},{"key":"462_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-020-00216-2","volume":"26","author":"R Snieder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Snieder, R., & Zhu, Q. (2020). Connecting to the heart: Teaching value-based professional ethics. Science and Engineering Ethics, 26, 2235\u20132254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-020-00216-2","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"4","key":"462_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2168-9830.1999.tb00474.x","volume":"88","author":"KD Stephan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stephan, K. D. (1999). A survey of ethics-related instruction in U.S. engineering programs. Journal of Engineering Education, 88(4), 459\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/j.2168-9830.1999.tb00474.x","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Education"},{"key":"462_CR54","unstructured":"Stepback, L., Hwang, M. H., Claussen, S. A., & Leonardo, Y. (2023). User vs. engineer: Student perceptions of responsibility in social media. In Proceedings of the 2023 ASEE annual meeting. American society of engineering education annual meeting."},{"key":"462_CR42","volume-title":"An ethical leadership developmental framework","author":"N Tuana","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tuana, N. (2014). An ethical leadership developmental framework. Routledge."},{"key":"462_CR43","unstructured":"Wu, C. H., Troboy, K., Cole, T., Cochran, L., & Roach, D. (2008). Does education have an impact on student ethical reasoning? Developing an assessment of ethical reasoning for engineering and business students. In Proceedings of the 39th ASEE Midwest section meeting, Kansas Technology Center, September 20\u2013October 1, 2004."},{"key":"462_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, Q., Feister, M. K., Zoltowski, C., Buzzanell, P., Oakes, W., & Mead, A. (2014b). Examining the role of culture in assessing individual ethical reasoning on multidisciplinary engineering project teams. In Proceedings of the 2014 frontiers in education (FIE) conference.","DOI":"10.1109\/FIE.2014.7044440"},{"key":"462_CR45","unstructured":"Zhu, Q., Zoltowski, C. B., Feister, M. K., Buzzanell, P. M., Oakes, W. C., & Mead, A. D. (2014a). The development of an instrument for assessing individual ethical decision making in project-based design teams: Integrating quantitative and qualitative methods. In Proceedings of the 2014 American society of engineering education annual conference and exposition."},{"key":"462_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zoltowski, C. B., Jesiek, B. K., Claussen, S. A., & Torres, D. H. (2016). Foundations of social and ethical responsibility among undergraduate engineering students: Project overview. In Proceedings of the 2016 ASEE annual conference and exposition, New Orleans, LA, June 26\u201329, 2016.","DOI":"10.18260\/p.26953"},{"key":"462_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zoltowski, C. B., Jesiek, B. K., Claussen, S., Howland, S. J., Kim, D., & Nittala, S. (2020). Foundations of social and ethical responsibility among undergraduate engineering students: Overview of results. In Proceedings of the 2020 American society of engineering education annual conference and exposition.","DOI":"10.18260\/1-2--34688"}],"container-title":["Science and Engineering Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00462-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00462-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00462-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T12:32:06Z","timestamp":1709555526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00462-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["462"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00462-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-3452","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-5546","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 February 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 November 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"5"}}