{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T16:34:38Z","timestamp":1768322078296,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":18,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006041","name":"Innovate UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10063119"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10063119"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008109","name":"University of Notre Dame","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["262812UB"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["262812UB"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008109","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Eng Ethics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the past few years, calls for integrating ethics modules in engineering curricula have multiplied. Despite this positive trend, a number of issues with these \u2018embedded\u2019 programs remains. First, learning goals are underspecified. A second limitation is the conflation of different dimensions under the same banner, in particular confusion between ethics curricula geared towards addressing the ethics of individual conduct and curricula geared towards addressing ethics at the societal level. In this article, we propose a tripartite framework to overcome these difficulties. Our framework analytically decomposes an ethics module into three dimensions. First, there is the ethical dimension, which pertains to the learning goals. Second, there is the moral dimension, which addresses the moral relevance of engineers\u2019 conduct. Finally, there is the political dimension, which scales up issues of moral relevance at the civic level. All in all, our framework has two advantages. First, it provides analytic clarity, i.e. it enables course instructors to locate ethical dilemmas in either the moral or political realm and to make use of the tools and resources from moral and\/or political philosophy. Second, it depicts a comprehensive ethical training, which enables students to both reason about moral issues in the abstract, and to socially contextualize potential solutions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-024-00469-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]],"date-time":"2024-02-19T11:02:37Z","timestamp":1708340557000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["What Do We Teach to Engineering Students: Embedded Ethics, Morality, and Politics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Avigail","family":"Ferdman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1409-8240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Ratti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"469_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv11g97wm","volume-title":"Cloud ethics: Algorithms and the attributes of ourselves and others","author":"L Amoore","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amoore, L. (2020). Cloud ethics: Algorithms and the attributes of ourselves and others. Duke University Press."},{"key":"469_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199228782.001.0001","volume-title":"Intelligent virtue","author":"J Annas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Annas, J. (2011). Intelligent virtue. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"469_CR3","unstructured":"Aristotle. (2014). Nicomachean ethics (Translated, with introduction and notes, by C. D. C. Reeve). Hackett Publishing Co."},{"issue":"1","key":"469_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-011-9293-z","volume":"19","author":"JM Basart","year":"2013","unstructured":"Basart, J. M., & Serra, M. (2013). Engineering ethics beyond engineers\u2019 ethics. Science and Engineering Ethics, 19(1), 179\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-011-9293-z","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"469_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470510544.ch1","volume-title":"Principles of health care ethics","author":"T Beauchamp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Beauchamp, T. (2007). The \u2018four principles\u2019 approach to health care ethics. In R. E. Ashcroft, A. Dawson, H. Draper, & J. R. Mcmillan (Eds.), Principles of health care ethics (pp. 3\u201310). John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9780470510544.ch1"},{"key":"469_CR6","volume-title":"Principles of biomedical ethics","author":"T Beauchamp","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beauchamp, T., & Childress, J. (2009). Principles of biomedical ethics (6th ed.). Oxford University Press.","edition":"6"},{"issue":"3","key":"469_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1007\/s00146-020-01112-w","volume":"36","author":"L Bezuidenhout","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bezuidenhout, L., & Ratti, E. (2021). What does it mean to embed ethics in data science? An integrative approach based on microethics and virtues. AI & Society, 36(3), 939\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00146-020-01112-w","journal-title":"AI & Society"},{"issue":"4","key":"469_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-017-0263-5","volume":"31","author":"R Binns","year":"2018","unstructured":"Binns, R. (2018). Algorithmic accountability and public reason. Philosophy & Technology, 31(4), 543\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-017-0263-5","journal-title":"Philosophy & Technology"},{"key":"469_CR9","volume-title":"Handbook I: Cognitive domain","author":"BS Bloom","year":"1956","unstructured":"Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. In M. D. Engelhart, W. H. Hill, E. J. Furst, & D. R. Krathwohl (Eds.), Handbook I: Cognitive domain. David McKay."},{"issue":"January","key":"469_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sftr.2022.100086","volume":"4","author":"J Boldt","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boldt, J., & Orr\u00f9, E. (2022). Towards a unified list of ethical principles for emerging technologies. An analysis of four european reports on molecular biotechnology and artificial intelligence. Sustainable Futures, 4(January), 100086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sftr.2022.100086","journal-title":"Sustainable Futures"},{"issue":"4","key":"469_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-021-00468-1","volume":"34","author":"C Br\u00e4ndle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Br\u00e4ndle, C., & Schmidt, M. W. (2021). Autonomous driving and public reason: A Rawlsian approach. Philosophy & Technology, 34(4), 1475\u20131499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-021-00468-1","journal-title":"Philosophy & Technology"},{"key":"469_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2017.02.002","volume":"52","author":"P Brey","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brey, P. (2018). The strategic role of technology in a good society. Technology in Society, 52, 39\u201345.","journal-title":"Technology in Society"},{"key":"469_CR13","unstructured":"Buolamwini, J., & Timnit, G. (2018). Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. In S. A. Friedler, C. Wilson (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1st conference on fairness, accountability and transparency. Proceedings of machine learning research PMLR (vol. 81, pp. 77\u201391) https:\/\/proceedings.mlr.press\/v81\/buolamwini18a.html."},{"key":"469_CR14","volume-title":"Science, technology, and virtues: Contemporary perspectives","author":"J-Y Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen, J.-Y. (2021). Integrating virtue ethics into responsible-conduct-of-research programs: Challenges and opportunities. In E. Ratti & T. A. Stapleford (Eds.), Science, technology, and virtues: Contemporary perspectives. Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"469_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1177\/1474885119832181","volume":"20","author":"R Claassen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Claassen, R., & Herzog, L. (2021). Why economic agency matters: An account of structural domination in the economic realm. European Journal of Political Theory, 20(3), 465\u2013485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1474885119832181","journal-title":"Eur J Polit Theory"},{"key":"469_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-11601-8_11","volume-title":"Engineering, social sciences, and the humanities: Have their conversations come of age?","author":"E Conlon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Conlon, E. (2022). Engineering ethics, social theory and how we might do better! In S. H. Christensen, A. Buch, E. Conlon, C. Didier, C. Mitcham, & M. Murphy (Eds.), Engineering, social sciences, and the humanities: Have their conversations come of age? (pp. 221\u201343). Springer International Publishing. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-031-11601-8_11"},{"issue":"5","key":"469_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/hast.1413","volume":"52","author":"I de Melo-Mart\u00edn","year":"2022","unstructured":"de Melo-Mart\u00edn, I. (2022). To assess technologies, bioethicists must take off their blinkers. The Hastings Center Report, 52(5), 3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hast.1413","journal-title":"The Hastings Center Report"},{"key":"469_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvjf9vkt","volume-title":"Justice for hedgehogs","author":"R Dworkin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dworkin, R. (2011). Justice for hedgehogs. Harvard University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"469_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2019.1687606","volume":"40","author":"A Ferdman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ferdman, A. (2020). Corporate ownership of automated vehicles: Discussing potential negative externalities. Transport Reviews, 40(1), 95\u2013113.","journal-title":"Transport Reviews"},{"key":"469_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ferreira, R. & Vardi, M. Y. (2021). Deep tech ethics: An approach to teaching social justice in computer science. In Proceedings of the 52nd ACM technical symposium on computer science education, (pp. 1041\u20131047). SIGCSE \u201921. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3408877.3432449.","DOI":"10.1145\/3408877.3432449"},{"key":"469_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fiesler, C., Natalie, G. & Beard, N. (2020). What do we teach when we teach tech ethics? A syllabi analysis. In Proceedings of the 51st ACM technical symposium on computer science education, (pp. 289\u2013295). SIGCSE \u201920. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3328778.3366825.","DOI":"10.1145\/3328778.3366825"},{"key":"469_CR22","unstructured":"Franssen, M., Lokhorst, G.-J. & van de Poel, I. (2018) Philosophy of technology. In The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy, Fall 2018. https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/archives\/fall2018\/entries\/technology\/."},{"key":"469_CR23","first-page":"1","volume-title":"The Cambridge companion to rawls","author":"S Freeman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Freeman, S. (2003). Introduction. In S. Freeman (Ed.), The Cambridge companion to rawls (pp. 1\u201362). Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"469_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/7585.001.0001","volume-title":"Value sensitive design: Shaping technology with moral imagination","author":"B Friedman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Friedman, B., & Hendry, D. G. (2019). Value sensitive design: Shaping technology with moral imagination. MIT Press."},{"key":"469_CR25","volume-title":"Human-computer interaction in management information systems: Foundations","author":"B Friedman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Friedman, B., Kahn, P., & Borning, A. (2015). Value sensitive design and information systems. In P. Zhang & D. Galletta (Eds.), Human-computer interaction in management information systems: Foundations. M.E. Sharpe Inc."},{"issue":"2","key":"469_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2110.14419","volume":"151","author":"I Gabriel","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gabriel, I. (2022). Towards a theory of justice for artificial intelligence. Daedalus, 151(2), 218\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2110.14419","journal-title":"Daedalus"},{"issue":"8","key":"469_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1145\/3330794","volume":"62","author":"BJ Grosz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grosz, B. J., Grant, D. G., Vredenburgh, K., Behrends, J., Lily, Hu., Simmons, A., & Waldo, J. (2019). Embedded EthiCS: Integrating ethics across CS education. Communications of the ACM, 62(8), 54\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3330794","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"3","key":"469_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-022-00553-z","volume":"35","author":"T Hagendorff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hagendorff, T. (2022). A virtue-based framework to support putting AI ethics into practice. Philosophy & Technology, 35(3), 55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-022-00553-z","journal-title":"Philosophy & Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"469_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-008-9068-3","volume":"14","author":"CE Harris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harris, C. E. (2008). The good engineer: Giving virtue its due in engineering ethics. Science and Engineering Ethics, 14(2), 153\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-008-9068-3","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"469_CR30","first-page":"415","volume-title":"Virtues and their vices","author":"C Hartley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hartley, C., & Watson, L. (2014). Virtue in political thought: On civic virtue in political liberalism. In K. Timpe & C. A. Boyd (Eds.), Virtues and their vices (pp. 415\u201332). Oxford University Press."},{"key":"469_CR31","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of digital ethics","author":"L Herzog","year":"2021","unstructured":"Herzog, L. (2021). Algorithmic bias and access to opportunities. In C. V\u00e9liz (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of digital ethics. Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"469_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1145\/3339905","volume":"63","author":"J Himmelreich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Himmelreich, J. (2020). Ethics of technology needs more political philosophy. Communications of the ACM, 63(1), 33\u201335.","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"3","key":"469_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-022-00542-2","volume":"35","author":"J Himmelreich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Himmelreich, J., & K\u00f6hler, S. (2022). Responsible AI through conceptual engineering. Philosophy & Technology, 35(3), 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-022-00542-2","journal-title":"Philosophy & Technology"},{"key":"469_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Horton, D., McIlraith, S. A., Wang, N., Majedi, M., McClure, E. & Wald, B. (2022) Embedding ethics in computer science courses: Does it work? In Proceedings of the 53rd ACM technical symposium on computer science education, (Vol. 1, pp. 481\u2013487). SIGCSE 2022. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3478431.3499407.","DOI":"10.1145\/3478431.3499407"},{"key":"469_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Horton, D., Liu, D., McIlraith, S. A., Wang, N. (2023). Is more better when embedding ethics in CS courses? In Proceedings of the 54th ACM technical symposium on computer science education  (Vol. 1, pp. 652\u2013658). SIGCSE 2023. Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3545945.3569881.","DOI":"10.1145\/3545945.3569881"},{"issue":"2","key":"469_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-017-0283-1","volume":"31","author":"D Howard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Howard, D. (2018). Technomoral civic virtues: A critical appreciation of Shannon Vallor\u2019s technology and the virtues. Philosophy & Technology, 31(2), 293\u2013304. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-017-0283-1","journal-title":"Philosophy & Technology"},{"key":"469_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780190851187.013.1","volume-title":"The Oxford handbook of philosophy of technology","author":"D Howard","year":"2020","unstructured":"Howard, D. (2020). Whence and W(h)Ither technology ethics. In S. Vallor (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of philosophy of technology (pp. 78\u2013100). Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780190851187.013.1"},{"key":"469_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0088-2","author":"A Jobin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jobin, A., Ienca, M., & Vayena, E. (2019). The global landscape of AI ethics guidelines. Nature Machine Intelligence. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42256-019-0088-2","journal-title":"Nature Machine Intelligence"},{"key":"469_CR39","first-page":"59","volume":"47","author":"DG Johnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnson, D. G. (2017). Can engineering ethics be taught? The Bridge, 47, 59\u201364.","journal-title":"The Bridge"},{"issue":"1","key":"469_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1086\/667838","volume":"123","author":"K Jones","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jones, K. (2012). Trustworthiness. Ethics, 123(1), 61\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/667838","journal-title":"Ethics"},{"key":"469_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003145752-1","volume-title":"The epistemic commons","author":"H Joshi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joshi, H. (2021). The epistemic commons. Routledge."},{"issue":"1","key":"469_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-013-9428-5","volume":"20","author":"MW Keefer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keefer, M. W., Wilson, S. E., Dankowicz, H., & Loui, M. C. (2014). The importance of formative assessment in science and engineering ethics education: Some evidence and practical advice. Science and Engineering Ethics, 20(1), 249\u2013260. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-013-9428-5","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"key":"469_CR43","volume-title":"Professional ethics: A trust-based approach. Professional ethics","author":"TM Kelly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kelly, T. M. (2018). Professional ethics: A trust-based approach. Professional ethics. Lexington Books."},{"issue":"4","key":"469_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1177\/0022167817708064","volume":"59","author":"A Kohen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kohen, A., Langdon, M., & Riches, B. R. (2019). The making of a hero: Cultivating empathy, altruism, and heroic imagination. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 59(4), 617\u2013633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022167817708064","journal-title":"Journal of Humanistic Psychology"},{"key":"469_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2208.05453","volume":"5","author":"M Kopec","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kopec, M., Magnani, M., Ricks, V., Torosyan, R., Basl, J., Miklaucic, N., Muzny, F., et al. (2023). The effectiveness of embedded values analysis modules in computer science education: An empirical study. Big Data & Society, 5, 55. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2208.05453","journal-title":"Big Data & Society"},{"key":"469_CR46","unstructured":"Larson, J., Mattu, S., Kirchner, L. & Angwin, J. (2016). How we analyzed the COMPAS recidivism algorithm. ProPublica. 2016. https:\/\/www.propublica.org\/article\/how-we-analyzed-the-compas-recidivism-algorithm."},{"issue":"3","key":"469_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1057\/s41296-021-00465-1","volume":"21","author":"P Lewis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lewis, P. (2022). Cloud ethics: Algorithms and the attributes of ourselves and others. Contemporary Political Theory, 21(3), 118\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41296-021-00465-1","journal-title":"Contemporary Political Theory"},{"key":"469_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"List, C. & Valentini, L. (2020). What normative facts should political theory be about?: Philosophy of science meets political liberalism. In Oxford studies in political philosophy, vol. 6. Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780198852636.003.0007.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198852636.003.0007"},{"issue":"3","key":"469_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10676-017-9436-2","volume":"19","author":"H-Y Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu, H.-Y. (2017). Irresponsibilities, inequalities and injustice for autonomous vehicles. Ethics and Information Technology, 19(3), 193\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10676-017-9436-2","journal-title":"Ethics and Information Technology"},{"key":"469_CR50","first-page":"149","volume":"51","author":"H-Y Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu, H.-Y. (2018). Three types of structural discrimination introduced by autonomous vehicles. UC Davis Law Review Online, 51, 149\u2013180.","journal-title":"UC Davis Law Review Online"},{"issue":"5","key":"469_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-014-9585-1","volume":"21","author":"WT Lynch","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lynch, W. T. (2015). Second-guessing scientists and engineers: Post hoc criticism and the reform of practice in green chemistry and engineering. Science and Engineering Ethics, 21(5), 1217\u20131240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-014-9585-1","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"5","key":"469_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-021-00333-6","volume":"27","author":"DA Martin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Martin, D. A., Conlon, E., & Bowe, B. (2021). A multi-level review of engineering ethics education: Towards a socio-technical orientation of engineering education for ethics. Science and Engineering Ethics, 27(5), 60. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-021-00333-6","journal-title":"Science and Engineering Ethics"},{"issue":"9","key":"469_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-020-0214-1","volume":"2","author":"S McLennan","year":"2020","unstructured":"McLennan, S., Fiske, A., Celi, L. A., M\u00fcller, R., Harder, J., Ritt, K., Haddadin, S., & Buyx, A. (2020). An embedded ethics approach for AI development. Nature Machine Intelligence, 2(9), 488\u2013490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42256-020-0214-1","journal-title":"Nature Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"1","key":"469_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-022-00746-3","volume":"23","author":"S McLennan","year":"2022","unstructured":"McLennan, S., Fiske, A., Tigard, D., M\u00fcller, R., Haddadin, S., & Buyx, A. (2022). Embedded ethics: A proposal for integrating ethics into the development of medical AI. BMC Medical Ethics, 23(1), 6. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12910-022-00746-3","journal-title":"BMC Medical Ethics"},{"key":"469_CR55","unstructured":"Miller, D. (1998). Political philosophy. In Routledge encyclopedia of philosophy. Taylor and Francis. https:\/\/www.rep.routledge.com\/articles\/overview\/political-philosophy\/v-1."},{"issue":"11","key":"469_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-019-0114-4","volume":"1","author":"B Mittelstadt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mittelstadt, B. (2019). Principles alone cannot guarantee ethical AI. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(11), 501\u2013507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42256-019-0114-4","journal-title":"Nature Machine Intelligence"},{"issue":"2","key":"469_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1017\/epi.2018.32","volume":"17","author":"CT Nguyen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nguyen, C. T. (2020). Echo chambers and epistemic bubbles. Episteme, 17(2), 141\u2013161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/epi.2018.32","journal-title":"Episteme"},{"key":"469_CR58","volume-title":"Weapons of math destruction: how big data increases inequality and threatens democracy","author":"C O\u2019Neil","year":"2016","unstructured":"O\u2019Neil, C. (2016). Weapons of math destruction: How big data increases inequality and threatens democracy. Crown Publishers."},{"key":"469_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pasricha, S. (2023). Ethics in computing education: Challenges and experience with embedded ethics. arXiv. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.2303.12909.","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2303.12909"},{"issue":"June","key":"469_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.5324\/eip.v15i1.3756","volume":"1","author":"TS Petersen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Petersen, T. S. (2021). Ethical guidelines for the use of artificial intelligence and the challenges from value conflicts. Etikk i Praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics, 1(June), 25\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5324\/eip.v15i1.3756","journal-title":"Etikk i Praksis - Nordic Journal of Applied Ethics"},{"key":"469_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-021-00490-3","volume":"34","author":"E Ratti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ratti, E., & Graves, M. (2021). Cultivating moral attention: A virtue-oriented approach to responsible data science in healthcare. Philosophy & Technology, 34, 1819\u20131846. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-021-00490-3","journal-title":"Philosophy & Technology"},{"key":"469_CR62","volume-title":"Science, technology, and virtues: Contemporary perspectives","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ratti, E., & Stapleford, T. A. (Eds.). (2021). Science, technology, and virtues: Contemporary perspectives. k: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"469_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674042605","volume-title":"A theory of justice","author":"J Rawls","year":"1971","unstructured":"Rawls, J. (1971). A theory of justice. Harvard University Press."},{"key":"469_CR64","volume-title":"Political liberalism","author":"J Rawls","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rawls, J. (1996). Political liberalism. Columbia University Press."},{"issue":"3","key":"469_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1076\/0360-5310(200006)25:3;1-H;FT285","volume":"25","author":"HS Richardson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Richardson, H. S. (2000). Specifying, balancing, and interpreting bioethical principles. The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine, 25(3), 285\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1076\/0360-5310(200006)25:3;1-H;FT285","journal-title":"The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine"},{"key":"469_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1353\/ken.2017.0025","author":"R Rini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rini, R. (2017). Fake news and partisan epistemology. Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/ken.2017.0025","journal-title":"Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"469_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-020-00432-5","volume":"34","author":"J Rodr\u00edguez-Alc\u00e1zar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Alc\u00e1zar, J., Bermejo-Luque, L., & Molina-P\u00e9rez, A. (2021). Do automated vehicles face moral dilemmas? A plea for a political approach. Philosophy & Technology, 34(4), 811\u2013832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-020-00432-5","journal-title":"Philosophy & Technology"},{"issue":"10","key":"469_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/phc3.12148","volume":"9","author":"E Rossi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rossi, E., & Sleat, M. (2014). Realism in normative political theory. Philosophy Compass, 9(10), 689\u2013701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phc3.12148","journal-title":"Philosophy Compass"},{"key":"469_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199967421.003.0002","volume-title":"Cultivating virtue: Perspectives from philosophy, theology, and psychology","author":"DC Russell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Russell, D. C. (2014). Aristotle on cultivating virtue. In N. E. Snow (Ed.), Cultivating virtue: Perspectives from philosophy, theology, and psychology (pp. 17\u201348). Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"10","key":"469_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/phc3.12780","volume":"16","author":"K Sankaran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sankaran, K. (2021). \u2018Structural injustice\u2019 as an analytical tool. Philosophy Compass, 16(10), e12780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/phc3.12780","journal-title":"Philosophy Compass"},{"issue":"1","key":"469_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0309-7013.2005.00134.x","volume":"79","author":"S Scheffler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Scheffler, S. (2005). Egalitarian liberalism as moral pluralism. Aristotelian Society Supplementary, 79(1), 229\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0309-7013.2005.00134.x","journal-title":"Aristotelian Society Supplementary"},{"issue":"4","key":"469_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1007\/s11098-021-01689-y","volume":"179","author":"K Setiya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Setiya, K. (2022). What is morality? Philosophical Studies, 179(4), 1113\u20131133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11098-021-01689-y","journal-title":"Philosophical Studies"},{"key":"469_CR73","volume-title":"Responsible conduct of research","author":"AE Shamoo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shamoo, A. E., & Resnik, D. B. (2015). Responsible conduct of research. Oxford University Press."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"469_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1017\/S0265052516000285","volume":"33","author":"M Sleat","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sleat, M. (2016). What is a political value? Political philosophy and fidelity to reality. Social Philosophy & Policy, 33(1\u20132), 252\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0265052516000285","journal-title":"Social Philosophy & Policy"},{"key":"469_CR85","volume-title":"The Cambridge Companion to Virtue Ethics","author":"G Sreenivasan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sreenivasan, G. (2013). The situationist critique of virtue ethics. In D. Russell (Ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Virtue Ethics. Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"469_CR75","unstructured":"Taylor, C. (1995). Irreducibly social goods. In Philosophical arguments (pp. 127\u201345). Harvard University Press"},{"key":"469_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vallor, S. (2021). Twenty-first-century virtue: Living well with emerging technologies. In Science, technology, and virtues: Contemporary perspectives. Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oso\/9780190081713.003.0005.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780190081713.003.0005"},{"key":"469_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315734217","volume-title":"Moral responsibility and the problem of many hands","author":"I van de Poel","year":"2015","unstructured":"van de Poel, I., Royakkers, L., & Zwart, S. D. (2015). Moral responsibility and the problem of many hands. Routledge."},{"key":"469_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781444367072.wbiee587","volume-title":"Civic virtue","author":"B van den Brink","year":"2013","unstructured":"van den Brink, B. (2013). Civic virtue. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781444367072.wbiee587"},{"issue":"3","key":"469_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-022-00565-9","volume":"35","author":"H Veluwenkamp","year":"2022","unstructured":"Veluwenkamp, H., Capasso, M., Maas, J., & Marin, L. (2022). Technology as driver for morally motivated conceptual engineering. Philosophy & Technology, 35(3), 71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-022-00565-9","journal-title":"Philosophy & Technology"},{"key":"469_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Whittlestone, J., Nyrup, R., Alexandrova, A. & Cave, S. (2019). The role and limits of principles in AI ethics: Towards a focus on tensions. In Proceedings of the 2019 AAAI\/ACM conference on AI, ethics, and society, 195\u2013200. AIES \u201919. Association for Computing Machinery. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3306618.3314289.","DOI":"10.1145\/3306618.3314289"},{"key":"469_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wilson, B., Hoffman, J. & Morgenstern, J. (2019). Predictive inequity in object detection. arXiv https:\/\/doi.org\/10.48550\/arXiv.1902.11097.","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1902.11097"},{"issue":"2","key":"469_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1007\/s13347-019-00355-w","volume":"33","author":"P-H Wong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wong, P.-H. (2020). Democratizing algorithmic fairness. Philosophy & Technology, 33(2), 225\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13347-019-00355-w","journal-title":"Philosophy & Technology"},{"key":"469_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195392388.001.0001","volume-title":"Responsibility for justice","author":"IM Young","year":"2011","unstructured":"Young, I. M. (2011). Responsibility for justice. Open University Press."},{"issue":"1","key":"469_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1080\/03043790410001711252","volume":"30","author":"H Zandvoort","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zandvoort, H. (2005). Good engineers need good laws. European Journal of Engineering Education, 30(1), 21\u201336.","journal-title":"European Journal of Engineering Education"}],"container-title":["Science and Engineering Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00469-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00469-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00469-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,4]],"date-time":"2024-03-04T12:32:30Z","timestamp":1709555550000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00469-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["469"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00469-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1353-3452","1471-5546"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1353-3452","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-5546","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"On behalf of all authors, the corresponding authors states that there is no conflict of interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"7"}}