{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T14:13:35Z","timestamp":1740147215105,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Eng Ethics"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Australia II became the first foreign yacht to win the America's Cup in 1983. The boat had a revolutionary wing keel and a better underwater hull form. In official documents, Ben Lexcen is credited with the design. He is also listed as the sole inventor of the wing keel in a patent application submitted on February 5, 1982. However, as reported in <jats:italic>New York Times<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Sydney Morning Herald<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Professional Boatbuilder<\/jats:italic>, the wing keel was in fact designed by engineer Peter van Oossanen at the Netherlands Ship Model Basin in Wageningen, assisted by Dr. Joop Slooff at the National Aerospace Laboratory in Amsterdam. Based on telexes, letters, drawings, and other documents preserved in his personal archive, this paper presents van Oossanen\u2019s account of how the revolutionary wing keel was designed. This is followed by an ethical analysis by Martin Peterson, in which he applies the American NSPE and Dutch KIVI codes of ethics to the information provided by van Oossanen. The NSPE and KIVI codes give conflicting advice about the case, and it is not obvious which document is most relevant. This impasse is resolved by applying a method of applied ethics in which similarity-based reasoning is extended to cases that are not fully similar. The key idea, presented in Peterson\u2019s book <jats:italic>The Ethics of Technology<\/jats:italic> (Peterson, The ethics of technology: A geometric analysis of five moral principles, Oxford University Press, 2017), is to use moral paradigm cases as reference points for constructing a \u201cmoral map\u201d.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11948-024-00477-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T15:01:51Z","timestamp":1715180511000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Australia II: A Case Study in Engineering Ethics"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"van Oossanen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0014-9684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"477_CR1","unstructured":"Britannica, (2023). The editors of encyclopedia. Ben Lexcen. Encyclopedia Britannica."},{"key":"477_CR2","volume-title":"The \u2018lie\u2019 that captured the America\u2019s Cup","author":"R Feneley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feneley, R. (2009). The \u2018lie\u2019 that captured the America\u2019s Cup. The Sydney Morning Herald."},{"key":"477_CR3","volume-title":"Another Dispute on Keel","author":"Fishman","year":"1983","unstructured":"Fishman, & Joanne, A. (1983). Another dispute on keel. The New York Times."},{"key":"477_CR4","volume-title":"Yacht Club Drops Dispute Over Keel","author":"Fishman","year":"1983","unstructured":"Fishman, & Joanne, A. (1983). Yacht club drops dispute over keel. The New York Times."},{"key":"477_CR5","volume-title":"Conceptual spaces: The geometry of thought","author":"P G\u00e4rdenfors","year":"2004","unstructured":"G\u00e4rdenfors, P. (2004). Conceptual spaces: The geometry of thought. MIT press."},{"key":"477_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9629.001.0001","volume-title":"The geometry of meaning: Semantics based on conceptual spaces","author":"Peter G\u00e4rdenfors","year":"2014","unstructured":"G\u00e4rdenfors, Peter. (2014). The geometry of meaning: Semantics based on conceptual spaces. The MIT Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7551\/mitpress\/9629.001.0001"},{"key":"477_CR7","volume-title":"KIVI Code of Ethics","author":"Koninklijk Instituut Van Ingenieurs","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ingenieurs, Koninklijk Instituut Van. (2018). KIVI Code of Ethics. The Hague: NL."},{"key":"477_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520352797","volume-title":"Abuse of casuistry: A history of moral reasoning","year":"1988","unstructured":"Jonsen, Albert R., & Toulmin, Stephen (Eds.). (1988). Abuse of casuistry: A history of moral reasoning. University of California Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1525\/9780520352797"},{"key":"477_CR9","unstructured":"Lexcen, B. & Norport LTD. (1982). Yacht keel with fins near tip (Patent Appl. No. AU8566882A, Allowed to lapse). IP Australia."},{"key":"477_CR11","volume-title":"Dutchman claims credit for keel","author":"B Lloyd","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lloyd, B. (1985). Dutchman claims credit for keel. The New York Times."},{"key":"477_CR12","unstructured":"National Society of Professional Engineers. (1964\/2023). NSPE Code of Ethics for Engineers. Alexandria, VA."},{"key":"477_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780190652265.001.0001","volume-title":"The ethics of technology: A geometric analysis of five moral principles","author":"M Peterson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Peterson, M. (2017). The ethics of technology: A geometric analysis of five moral principles. Oxford University Press."},{"key":"477_CR14","volume-title":"Australia II and the America\u2019s cup: The untold, inside story of the keel","author":"J Slooff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slooff, J. (2016). Australia II and the America\u2019s cup: The untold, inside story of the keel. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform."},{"key":"477_CR15","unstructured":"Spurr, D. (2009). Winged victory - professional boatbuilder magazine, ProBoat.com. Available at: https:\/\/www.proboat.com\/2009\/09\/winged-victory\/. Accessed Feb 4 2023."},{"key":"477_CR16","unstructured":"Way, C. & Way, M (2022). Untold: The race of the century. Netflix. Available at: https:\/\/www.netflix.com\/title\/81026435. Accessed Feb 4 2023."}],"container-title":["Science and Engineering Ethics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00477-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00477-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00477-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T11:16:32Z","timestamp":1719573392000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00477-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]}},"alternative-id":["477"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11948-024-00477-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-5546"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-5546"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"We have no financial conflicts of interest related to this research. Peter van Oossanen was personally involved in the case he describes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"16"}}