{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T21:29:35Z","timestamp":1761514175706,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61473196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61473196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroinform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-018-9368-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]],"date-time":"2018-03-23T00:45:03Z","timestamp":1521765903000},"page":"403-410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Decreased Cerebral Blood Flow in Mesial Thalamus and Precuneus\/PCC during Midazolam Induced Sedation Assessed with ASL"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3795-4134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peipeng","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yachao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daqing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuncheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"9368_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199703000-00006","volume":"86","author":"MT Alkire","year":"1997","unstructured":"Alkire, M. T., Haier, R. J., Shah, N. K., & Anderson, C. T. (1997). Positron emission tomography study of regional cerebral metabolism in humans during isoflurane anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 86, 549\u2013557.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9368_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1149213","volume":"322","author":"MT Alkire","year":"2008","unstructured":"Alkire, M. T., Hudetz, A. G., & Tononi, G. (2008). Consciousness and anesthesia. Science, 322, 876\u2013880.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"8","key":"9368_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awn135","volume":"131","author":"I Arend","year":"2008","unstructured":"Arend, I., Rafal, R., & Ward, R. (2008). Spatial and temporal deficits are regionally dissociable in patients with pulvinar lesions. Brain, 131(8), 2140\u20132152.","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"9368_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.11.059","volume":"40","author":"RM Birn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Birn, R. M., Smith, M. A., Jones, T. B., & Bandettini, P. A. (2008). The respiration response function: the temporal dynamics of fMRI signal fluctuations related to changes in respiration. NeuroImage, 40, 644\u2013654.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"9368_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boveroux, P., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Bruno, M. A., Noirhomme, Q., Lauwick, S., Luxen, A., et al. (2010). Breakdown of within- and betweennetwork resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity during propofol-induced loss of consciousness. Anesthesiology, 113, 1038\u20131053.","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181f697f5"},{"key":"9368_CR6","unstructured":"Chernik, D. A., Gillings, D., Laine, H., Hendler, J., Silver, J. M., Davidson, A. B., et al. (1990). Validity and reliability of the observer\u2019s assessment of alertness\/sedation scale: Study with intravenous midazolam. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 10, 244\u2013251."},{"key":"9368_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5506","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-13-05506.1999","volume":"19","author":"P Fiset","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fiset, P., Paus, T., Daloze, T., Plourde, G., Meuret, P., et al. (1999). Brain mechanisms of propofol-induced loss of consciousness in humans: A positron emission tomographic study. The Journal of Neuroscience, 19, 5506\u20135513.","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"9368_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2372","volume":"9","author":"NP Franks","year":"2008","unstructured":"Franks, N. P. (2008). General anaesthesia: From molecular targets to neuronal pathways of sleep and arousal. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 9, 370\u2013386.","journal-title":"Nature Reviews. Neuroscience"},{"key":"9368_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20537","volume":"29","author":"MD Greicius","year":"2008","unstructured":"Greicius, M. D., Kiviniemi, V., Tervonen, O., Vainionp\u00e4\u00e4, V., Alahuhta, S., Reiss, A. L., & Menon, V. (2008). Persistent default-mode network connectivity during light sedation. Human Brain Mapping, 29, 839\u2013847.","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"9368_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2012.0117","volume":"3","author":"P Guldenmund","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guldenmund, P., Demertzi, A., Boveroux, P., Boly, M., Vanhaudenhuyse, A., Bruno, M. A., Gosseries, O., Noirhomme, Q., Brichant, J. F., Bonhomme, V., Laureys, S., & Soddu, A. (2013). Thalamus, brainstem and salience network connectivity changes during propofolinduced sedation and unconsciousness. Brain Connectivity, 3, 273\u2013285.","journal-title":"Brain Connectivity"},{"key":"9368_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeg256","volume":"91","author":"AJ Johnston","year":"2003","unstructured":"Johnston, A. J., Steiner, L. A., Chatfield, D. A., Coleman, M. R., Coles, J. P., et al. (2003). Effects of propofol on cerebral oxygenation and metabolism after head injury. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 91, 781\u2013786.","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"9368_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3182a7ca92","volume":"119","author":"D Jordan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jordan, D., Ilg, R., Riedl, V., Schorer, A., Grimberg, S., Neufang, S., et al. (2013). Simultaneous electroencephalographic and functional magnetic resonance imaging indicate impaired cortical top-down processing in association with anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. Anesthesiology, 119, 1031\u20131042.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"9368_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200206000-00015","volume":"96","author":"KK Kaisti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kaisti, K. K., Mets\u00e4honkala, L., Ter\u00e4s, M., Oikonen, V., Aalto, S., J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen, S., Hinkka, S., & Scheinin, H. (2002). Effects of surgical levels of propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia on cerebral blood flow in healthy subjects studied with positron emission tomography. Anesthesiology, 96(6), 1358\u20131370.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9368_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00901-0","volume":"77","author":"SG Kim","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kim, S. G., & Duong, T. Q. (2002). Mapping cortical columnar structures using fMRI. Physiology & Behavior, 77, 641\u2013644.","journal-title":"Physiology & Behavior"},{"key":"9368_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2005.02.009","volume":"23","author":"VJ Kiviniemi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kiviniemi, V. J., Haanp\u00e4\u00e4, H., Kantola, J. H., Jauhiainen, J., Vainionp\u00e4\u00e4, V., Alahuhta, S., & Tervonen, O. (2005). Midazolam sedation increases fluctuation and synchrony of the resting brain BOLD signal. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 23, 531\u2013537.","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"9368_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200508000-00008","volume":"103","author":"JW L\u00e5ngsj\u00f6","year":"2005","unstructured":"L\u00e5ngsj\u00f6, J. W., Maksimow, A., Salmi, E., Kaisti, K., Aalto, S., Oikonen, V., Hinkka, S., Aantaa, R., Sipil\u00e4, H., Viljanen, T., Parkkola, R., & Scheinin, H. (2005). S-ketamine anesthesia increases cerebral blood flow in excess of the metabolic needs in humans. Anesthesiology, 103(2), 258\u2013268.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9368_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(04)00852-X","volume":"3","author":"S Laureys","year":"2004","unstructured":"Laureys, S., Owen, A. M., & Schiff, N. D. (2004). Brain function in coma, vegetative state, and related disorders. Lancet Neurology, 3, 537\u2013546.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurology"},{"key":"9368_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.06.019","volume":"522","author":"P Liang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liang, P., Manelis, A., Liu, X., Aizenstein, H. J., Gyulai, F., Quinlan, J. J., & Reder, L. M. (2012). Using arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI to explore how midazolam produces anterograde amnesia. Neuroscience Letters, 522, 113\u2013117.","journal-title":"Neuroscience Letters"},{"issue":"11","key":"9368_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4247","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22914","volume":"36","author":"P Liang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Liang, P., Zhang, H., Xu, Y., Jia, W., Zang, Y., & Li, K. (2015). Disruption of cortical integration during midazolam-induced light sedation. Human Brain Mapping, 36(11), 4247\u20134261.","journal-title":"Human Brain Mapping"},{"key":"9368_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1017\/S1355617707070646","volume":"13","author":"TT Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu, T. T., & Brown, G. G. (2007). Measurement of cerebral perfusion with arterial spin labeling: Part 1. Methods. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13, 517\u2013525.","journal-title":"Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society"},{"key":"9368_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2014.12.005","volume":"19","author":"AA MacDonald","year":"2015","unstructured":"MacDonald, A. A., Naci, L., MacDonald, P. A., & Owen, A. M. (2015). Anesthesia and neuroimaging: Investigating the neural correlates of unconsciousness. Trends in Cognitive Science, 19, 100\u2013107.","journal-title":"Trends in Cognitive Science"},{"key":"9368_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00154","volume":"24","author":"E Nyhus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nyhus, E., & Curran, T. (2012). Midazolam-induced amnesia reduces memory for details and affects the ERP correlates of recollection and familiarity. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24, 416\u2013427.","journal-title":"Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience"},{"key":"9368_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17879","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408075101","volume":"101","author":"H Park","year":"2004","unstructured":"Park, H., Quinlan, J., Thornton, E., & Reder, L. M. (2004). The effect of midazolam on visual search: Implications for understanding amnesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101, 17879\u201317883.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"key":"9368_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2006.01744.x","volume":"17","author":"LM Reder","year":"2006","unstructured":"Reder, L. M., Oates, J. M., Thornton, E. R., Quinlan, J. J., Kaufer, A., & Sauer, J. (2006). Drug induced amnesia hurts recognition, but only for memories that can be unitized. Psychology Science, 17, 562\u2013567.","journal-title":"Psychology Science"},{"key":"9368_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2004.00505.x","volume":"48","author":"L Schlunzen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schlunzen, L., Vafaee, M. S., Cold, G. E., Rasmussen, M., Nielsen, J. F., & Gjedde, A. (2004). Effects of subanaesthetic and anaesthetic doses of sevoflurane on regional cerebral blood flow in healthy volunteers. A positron emission tomographic study. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 48, 1268\u20131276.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"9368_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.07.037","volume":"38","author":"K Shmueli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shmueli, K., van Gelderen, P., de Zwart, J. A., Horovitz, S. G., Fukunaga, M., Jansma, J. M., & Duyn, J. H. (2007). Low-frequency fluctuations in the cardiac rate as a source of variance in the resting-state fMRI BOLD signal. NeuroImage, 38, 306\u2013320.","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"9368_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199711000-00015","volume":"87","author":"RA Veselis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Veselis, R. A., Reinsel, R. A., Beattie, B. J., et al. (1997). Midazolam changes cerebral blood flow in discrete brain regions. An H215O positron emission tomography study. Anesthesiology, 87, 1106\u20131117.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9368_CR28","first-page":"399","volume":"99","author":"RA Veselis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Veselis, R. A., Feshchenko, V. A., Reinsel, R. A., Dnistrian, A. M., Beattie, B., & Akhurst, T. J. (2004). Thiopental and propofol affect different regions of the brain at similar pharmacologic effects. Anesthesia and Analgesia, 99, 399\u2013408.","journal-title":"Anesthesia and Analgesia"},{"issue":"1","key":"9368_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200501000-00008","volume":"102","author":"RA Veselis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Veselis, R. A., Feshchenko, V. A., Reinsel, R. A., Beattie, B., & Akhurst, T. J. (2005). Propofol and thiopental do not interfere with regional cerebral blood flow response at sedative concentrations. Anesthesiology, 102(1), 26\u201334.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"9368_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.10437","volume":"49","author":"J Wang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wang, J., Aguirre, G. K., Kimberg, D. Y., Roc, A. C., Li, L., & Detre, J. A. (2003). Arterial spin labeling perfusion fMRI with very low task frequency. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 49, 796\u2013802.","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance in Medicine"},{"key":"9368_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0730-725X(03)00210-8","volume":"22","author":"J Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang, J., Aguirre, G. K., Kimberg, D. Y., Roc, A. C., Li, L., & Detre, J. A. (2004). Reduced susceptibility effects in perfusion fMRI with single-shot spin-echo EPI acquisitions at 1.5 tesla. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 22, 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"key":"9368_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2351031663","volume":"235","author":"J Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang, J., Zhang, Y., Wolf, R. L., Roc, A. C., Alsop, D. C., & Detre, J. A. (2005). Amplitude modulated continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion MR with single coil at 3T-feasibility. Radiology, 235, 218\u2013228.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"9368_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mri.2007.07.003","volume":"26","author":"Z Wang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Wang, Z., Aguirre, G. K., Rao, H., Wang, J., Fern\u00e1ndez-Seara, M. A., Childress, A. R., & Detre, J. A. (2008). Empirical ASL data analysis using an ASL data processing toolbox: ASLtbx. Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 26, 261\u2013269.","journal-title":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"9368_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aeq415","volume":"106","author":"G Xie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xie, G., et al. (2011). Critical involvement of the thalamus and precuneus during restoration of consciousness with physostigmine in humans during propofol anaesthesia: A positron emission tomography study. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 106(4), 548\u2013557.","journal-title":"British Journal of Anaesthesia"},{"key":"9368_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.430210303","volume":"21","author":"AB Young","year":"1990","unstructured":"Young, A. B., & Chu, D. (1990). Distribution of GABAA and GABAB receptors in mammalian brain: Potential targets for drug development. Drug Development Research, 21, 161\u2013167.","journal-title":"Drug Development Research"}],"container-title":["Neuroinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12021-018-9368-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12021-018-9368-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12021-018-9368-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,22]],"date-time":"2019-03-22T20:46:04Z","timestamp":1553287564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12021-018-9368-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3-4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}},"alternative-id":["9368"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12021-018-9368-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1539-2791","1559-0089"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1539-2791"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1559-0089"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2018","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"All authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}