{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T10:10:40Z","timestamp":1782123040975,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Neuroinform"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-026-09767-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T05:10:12Z","timestamp":1769231412000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A Validated Transcriptomic NMJ Remodeling Score Reveals Synaptic Dysfunction Independent of Muscle Atrophy after Immobilization in a Microgravity Analog"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8574-2895","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rahul","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7960-9358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew","family":"Bouras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6251-7046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karmen","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5707-9009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyle","family":"Sporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8611-6711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rohan","family":"Phadke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3595-5646","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Harlene","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1170-5482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phani","family":"Paladugu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4860-827X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8999-0212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ethan","family":"Waisberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2473-299X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5547","key":"9767_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1704","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1065874","volume":"294","author":"SC Bodine","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bodine, S. C., Latres, E., Baumhueter, S., et al. (2001). Identification of ubiquitin ligases required for skeletal muscle atrophy. Science, 294(5547), 1704\u20131708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1065874","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"9767_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020490","volume":"19","author":"StevenJ Burden","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burden, Steven J., et al. (2018). Fundamental molecules and mechanisms for forming and maintaining neuromuscular synapses. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(2), Article 490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19020490","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"9767_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522-013-9427-6","volume":"14","author":"EL Campbell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Campbell, E. L., Seynnes, O. R., Bottinelli, R., et al. (2013). Skeletal muscle adaptations to physical inactivity and subsequent retraining in young men. Biogerontology, 14(3), 247\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10522-013-9427-6","journal-title":"Biogerontology"},{"issue":"5","key":"9767_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.07.061","volume":"8","author":"S Carnio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carnio, S., LoVerso, F., Baraibar, M. A., et al. (2014). Autophagy impairment in muscle induces neuromuscular junction degeneration and precocious aging. Cell Reports, 8(5), 1509\u20131521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2014.07.061","journal-title":"Cell Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"9767_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328337819e","volume":"13","author":"BC Clark","year":"2010","unstructured":"Clark, B. C., & Manini, T. M. (2010). Functional consequences of sarcopenia and dynapenia in the elderly. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, 13(3), 271\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328337819e","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care"},{"issue":"18","key":"9767_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3567","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.188508","volume":"588","author":"RH Fitts","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fitts, R. H., Trappe, S. W., Costill, D. L., et al. (2010). Prolonged space flight\u2013induced alterations in the structure and function of human skeletal muscle fibres. The Journal of Physiology, 588(18), 3567\u20133592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.188508","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"25","key":"9767_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14440","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.251541198","volume":"98","author":"MD Gomes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gomes, M. D., Lecker, S. H., Jagoe, R. T., Navon, A., & Goldberg, A. L. (2001). Atrogin-1, a muscle-specific F-box protein highly expressed during muscle atrophy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 98(25), 14440\u201314445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.251541198","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"9767_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering12050513","volume":"12","author":"R Kumar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kumar, R., Sporn, K., Ong, J., Waisberg, E., Paladugu, P., Vaja, S., Hage, T., Sekhar, T. C., Vadhera, A. S., Ngo, A., et al. (2025). Integrating artificial intelligence in orthopedic care: Advancements in bone care and future directions. Bioengineering, 12(5), 513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering12050513","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"9767_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034255","volume":"80","author":"L Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li, L., et al. (2018). Neuromuscular junction Formation, Aging, and disorders. Annual Review of Physiology, 80, 159\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034255","journal-title":"Annual Review of Physiology"},{"key":"9767_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00099","volume":"6","author":"R Rudolf","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rudolf, R., Khan, M. M., Labeit, S., & Deschenes, M. R. (2014). Degeneration of neuromuscular junction in age and dystrophy. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 6, Article 99. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00099","journal-title":"Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience"},{"issue":"10","key":"9767_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.04.023","volume":"45","author":"M Sandri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sandri, M. (2013). Protein breakdown in muscle wasting: Role of autophagy-lysosome and ubiquitin-proteasome. International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 45(10), 2121\u20132129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.04.023","journal-title":"International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology"},{"issue":"11","key":"9767_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1038\/35097557","volume":"2","author":"JR Sanes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sanes, J. R., & Lichtman, J. W. (2001). Induction, assembly, maturation and maintenance of a postsynaptic apparatus. Nature reviews. Neuroscience, 2(11), 791\u2013805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/35097557","journal-title":"Nature reviews. Neuroscience"},{"issue":"20","key":"9767_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4731","DOI":"10.1113\/JP283381","volume":"600","author":"F Sarto","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sarto, F., Stashuk, D. W., Franchi, M. V., et al. (2022). Effects of short-term unloading and active recovery on human motor unit properties, neuromuscular junction transmission and transcriptomic profile. The Journal of Physiology, 600(20), 4731\u20134751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP283381","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9767_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13017","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13504-y","volume":"7","author":"G Sirago","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sirago, G., Conte, E., Fracasso, F., et al. (2017). Growth hormone secretagogues hexarelin and JMV2894 protect skeletal muscle from mitochondrial damages in a rat model of cisplatin-induced cachexia. Scientific Reports, 7(1), Article 13017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-13504-y","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"9767_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00033.2014","volume":"95","author":"LionelA Tintignac","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tintignac, Lionel A., et al. (2015). Mechanisms regulating neuromuscular junction development and function and causes of muscle wasting. Physiological Reviews, 95(3), 809. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00033.2014","journal-title":"Physiological Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"9767_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.062166","volume":"557","author":"S Trappe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Trappe, S., Trappe, T., Gallagher, P., Harber, M., Alkner, B., & Tesch, P. (2004). Human single muscle fibre function with 84\u00a0day bed-rest and resistance exercise. The Journal of Physiology, 557(2), 501\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.062166","journal-title":"The Journal of Physiology"}],"container-title":["Neuroinformatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12021-026-09767-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12021-026-09767-4","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12021-026-09767-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T02:07:10Z","timestamp":1776737230000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12021-026-09767-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["9767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12021-026-09767-4","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8282268\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1559-0089"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1559-0089","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Used fully de-identified data rendered this study exempt from institutional review board (IRB) oversight.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Andrew G. Lee, MD has served as a consultant for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Football League (NFL), US Department of Justice, and is a consultant for Amgen, AstraZeneca, Argenx, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Alexion, Celgene, Stoke, Ethyreal, Catalyst, Dompe, and Viridian. Dr. Lee is also on the editorial board of Frontiers in Ophthalmology, Eye, JNO, CJO, JJO, Survey of Ophthalmology, and JAMA Ophthalmology.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statements"}}],"article-number":"8"}}