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Recent technological advances have improved SPECT quantification and reliability, making it increasingly useful for studying rCBF abnormalities and perfusion\u2013network alterations in psychiatric and neurological disorders. To characterize large-scale functional organization in SPECT data, data-driven decomposition methods such as independent component analysis (ICA) have been used to extract covarying perfusion patterns that map onto interpretable brain networks. Blind ICA provides a data-driven approach to estimate these networks without strong prior assumptions. More recently, a hybrid approach that leverages spatial priors to guide a spatially constrained ICA (sc-ICA) have been used to fully automate the ICA analysis while also providing participant-specific network estimates. While this has been reliably demonstrated in fMRI with the NeuroMark template, there is currently no comparable SPECT template. A SPECT template would enable automatic estimation of functional SPECT networks with participant-specific expressions that correspond across participants and studies. The current study introduces a new replicable NeuroMark SPECT template for estimating canonical perfusion covariance patterns (networks). We first identify replicable SPECT networks using blind ICA applied to two large sample SPECT datasets. We then demonstrate the use of the resulting template by applying sc-ICA to an independent schizophrenia dataset. In sum, this work presents and shares the first NeuroMark SPECT template and demonstrating its utility in an independent cohort, providing a scalable and robust framework for network-based analyses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s12021-026-09798-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:09:23Z","timestamp":1783649363000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Replicable NeuroMark Template for Whole-Brain SPECT Reveals Data-Driven Perfusion Networks and Their Alterations in Schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6681-7756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amritha","family":"Harikumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Amen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Keator","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vince D.","family":"Calhoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"9798_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.025","volume":"54","author":"BB Avants","year":"2011","unstructured":"Avants, B. 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Approval Date: 9\/19\/2014. Study Title: Retrospective Review of Clinical Cases in a Brain SPECT Imaging Database. Investigator: Daniel Amen, M.D. Integ Review IRB was acquired by Advarra IRB.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Statement of Informed Consent\/Approval"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work the primary author used Grammarly, Microsoft Copilot, and ChatGPT to check content for flow and clarity, verify simple summation totals for tables, create and streamline MATLAB code for efficiency, and proofread the work for grammar and spelling errors. After using this tool\/service, the primary author reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the published article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration of Generative AI and AI Assisted Technologies in the Writing Process"}},{"value":"The imaging data was collected by the Amen Clinics as part of their routine patient intake for clinical treatment. Upon consent (Integ Review Board (004-Amen Clinics Inc.)), patients provide their de-identified data for research use, made available by the non-profit Change Your Brain Foundation to academic and research institutions. TReNDS used the retrospective imaging data from Change Your Brain Foundation to study functional connectivity in schizophrenia across imaging modalities. Dr. Keator is currently the chief research officer at the Amen Clinic, and receives a salary from the clinic to perform neuroimaging research. Dr. Amen is the founder and CEO of Amen Clinics, receives salary, and owns private stock of the company. Amritha Harikumar is funded jointly by the Amen Clinics\/TReNDS Center since July 2025.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"41"}}