{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T19:38:19Z","timestamp":1777491499188,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,10]],"date-time":"2007-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1178755200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Theory Biosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,24]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12064-007-0007-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,9]],"date-time":"2007-05-09T14:19:12Z","timestamp":1178720352000},"page":"35-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["The mitochondrial DNA of Xenoturbella bocki: genomic architecture and phylogenetic analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Marleen","family":"Perseke","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hankeln","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Weich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Fritzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter F.","family":"Stadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olle","family":"Israelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Detlef","family":"Bernhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Schlegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"7_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bti263","volume":"21","author":"F Abascal","year":"2005","unstructured":"Abascal F, Zardoya R, Posada D (2005) ProtTest : selection of best-fit models of protein evolution. Bioinformatics 21:2104\u20132105","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"7_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkl044","volume":"34","author":"F Abascal","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abascal F, Zardoya R, Posada D (2006) GenDecoder : genetic code prediction for metazoan mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res 34:389\u2013393","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"7_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02498640","volume":"42","author":"J Adachi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Adachi J, Hasegawa M (1996) Model of amino acid substitution in proteins encoded by mitochondrial DNA. J Mol Evol 42:459\u2013468","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"7_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.17.3389","volume":"25","author":"SF Altschul","year":"1997","unstructured":"Altschul SF, Madden TL, Schaffer AA, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Miller W, Lipman DJ, (1997) Gapped BLAST and PSI-BLAST : a new generation of protein database search programs. Nucleic Acids Res 25:3389\u20133402","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"7_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.8.1767","volume":"27","author":"JL Boore","year":"1999","unstructured":"Boore JL (1999) Animal mitochondrial genomes. Nucleic Acids Res 27:1767\u20131780","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"7_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01851","volume":"424","author":"SJ Bourlat","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bourlat SJ, Nielsen C, Lockyer AE, Littlewood DT, Telford MJ (2003) Xenoturbella is a deuterostome that eats molluscs. Nature 424:925\u2013928","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05241","volume":"444","author":"SJ Bourlat","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bourlat SJ, Juliusdottir T, Lowe CJ, Freeman R, Aronowicz J, Kirschner M, Lander ES, Thorndyke M, Nakano H, Kohn AB, Heyland A, Moroz LL, Copley RR, Telford MJ (2006) Deuterostome phylogeny reveals monophyletic chordates and the new phylum xenoturbellida. Nature 444:85\u201388","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3703","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.7.3703","volume":"95","author":"J Castresana","year":"1998","unstructured":"Castresana J, Feldmaier-Fuchs G, P\u00e4 \u00e4bo S (1998a). Codon reassignment and amino acid composition in hemichordate mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:3703\u20133707","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"7_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/150.3.1115","volume":"150","author":"J Castresana","year":"1998","unstructured":"Castresana J, Feldmaier-Fuchs G, Yokobori S, Satoh N, P\u00e4\u00e4bo S, (1998b). The mitochondrial genome of the hemichordata Balanoglossus carnosus and the evolution of deuterostome mitochondria. Genetics 150:1115\u20131123","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"7_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00027611","volume":"227","author":"U Ehlers","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ehlers U (1991) Comparative morphology of statocysts in the Platyhelminthes and the Xenoturbellida. Hydrobiologia 227:263\u2013271","journal-title":"Hydrobiologia"},{"key":"7_CR11","first-page":"168","volume":"90","author":"U Ehlers","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ehlers U, Sopott-Ehlers B (1997a) Xenoturbella bocki: organisation and phylogenetic position as sister taxon of the bilateria. Verh Dtsch Zool Ges 90:168","journal-title":"Verh Dtsch Zool Ges"},{"key":"7_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s004350050032","volume":"117","author":"U Ehlers","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ehlers U, Sopott-Ehlers B (1997b) Ultrastructure of the subepidermal musculature of Xenoturbella bocki, the adelphotaxon of the bilateria. Zoomorphology 117:71\u201379","journal-title":"Zoomorphology"},{"key":"7_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fitch DH (2005) (ed) Introduction to nematode evolution and ecology. In: The C. elegans research community. WormBook. doi: \/10.1895\/wormbook.1.19.1 (31 August, 2005)","DOI":"10.1895\/wormbook.1.19.1"},{"key":"7_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.1987.tb00046.x","volume":"16","author":"\u00c5 Franz\u00e9n","year":"1987","unstructured":"Franz\u00e9n \u00c5, Afzelius BA (1987) The ciliated epidermis of Xenoturbella bocki (Platyhelminthes, Xenoturbellida) with some phylogenetic considerations. Zool Scr 16:9\u201317","journal-title":"Zool Scr"},{"key":"7_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2005.10.010","volume":"240","author":"G Fritzsch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fritzsch G, Schlegel M, Stadler P (2006) Alignments of mitochondrial genome arrangements: applications to metazoan phylogeny. J Theor Biol 240:511\u2013520","journal-title":"J Theor Biol"},{"key":"7_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(87)90139-9","volume":"56","author":"H Himeno","year":"1987","unstructured":"Himeno H, Masaki H, Kawai T, Ohta T, Kumagai I, Miura K, Watanabe K (1987) Unusual genetic codes and a novel gene structure for tRNA(AGYSer) in starfish mitochondrial DNA. Gene 56:219\u2013230","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"7_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00818163","volume":"125","author":"IL Hofacker","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hofacker IL, Fontana W, Stadler PF, Bonhoeffer LS, Tacker M, Schuster P (1994) Fast folding and comparison of RNA secondary structures. Monatsh Chem 125:167\u2013188","journal-title":"Monatsh Chem"},{"key":"7_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/36246","volume":"390","author":"O Israelsson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Israelsson O (1997) ... and molluscan embryogenesis. Nature 390:32","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0713","volume":"266","author":"O Israelsson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Israelsson O (1999) New light on the enigmatic Xenoturbella (phylum uncertain): ontogeny and phylogeny. Proc R Soc Lond Ser B 266:835\u2013841","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond Ser B"},{"key":"7_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1007\/s00427-005-0485-x","volume":"215","author":"O Israelsson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Israelsson O, Budd GE (2005) Eggs and embryos in Xenoturbella (phylum uncertain) are not ingested prey. Dev Genes Evol 215:358\u2013363","journal-title":"Dev Genes Evol"},{"key":"7_CR21","first-page":"79","volume":"33","author":"G J\u00e4gersten","year":"1959","unstructured":"J\u00e4gersten G (1959) Further remarks on the early phylogeny of metazoa. Zoologiska Bidrag 33:79\u2013108","journal-title":"Zoologiska Bidrag"},{"key":"7_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msh112","volume":"21","author":"N Lartillot","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lartillot N, Philippe H (2004) A Bayesian mixture model for across-site heterogeneities in the amino-acid replacement process. Mol Biol Evol 21:1095\u20131109","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"7_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150500433722","volume":"55","author":"N Lartillot","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lartillot N, Philippe H (2006) Computing Bayes factors using thermodynamic integration. Syst Biol 55:195\u2013207","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"7_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/157.2.621","volume":"157","author":"DV Lavrov","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lavrov DV, Brown WM (2001) Trichinella spiralis mtDNA: a nematode mitochondrial genome that encodes a putative ATP8 and normally structured tRNAs and has a gene arrangement relatable to those of coelomate metazoans. Genetics 157:621\u2013637","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"7_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1080\/10635150500221044","volume":"54","author":"DV Lavrov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lavrov DV, Lang BF (2005) Poriferan mtDNA and animal phylogeny based on mitochondrial gene arrangements. Syst Biol 54:651\u2013659","journal-title":"Syst Biol"},{"key":"7_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/25.5.955","volume":"25","author":"TM Lowe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lowe TM, Eddy SR (1997) tRNAscan-SE : a program for improved detection of transfer RNA genes in genomic sequence. Nucleic Acids Res 25:955\u2013964","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"7_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6409.1998.tb00440.x","volume":"27","author":"K Lundin","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lundin K (1998) The epidermal ciliary rootlets of Xenoturbella bocki (Xenoturbellida) revisited: new support for a possible kinship with the acoelomorpha (Platyhelminthes). Zool Scr 27:263\u2013270","journal-title":"Zool Scr"},{"key":"7_CR28","first-page":"526","volume":"60","author":"M Nohara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nohara M, Nishida M, Miya M, Nishikawa T (2005) Evolution of the mitochondrial genome in cephalochordata as inferred from complete nucleotide sequences from two Epigonichthys species. J Mol Biol 60:526\u2013537","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"7_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/36242","volume":"390","author":"M Noren","year":"1997","unstructured":"Noren M, Jondelius U (1997) Xenoturbella\u2019s molluscan relatives. Nature 390:31\u201332","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2000.4042","volume":"302","author":"C Notredame","year":"2000","unstructured":"Notredame C, Higgins D, Heringa J (2000) T-Coffee : a novel method for multiple sequence alignments. J Mol Biol 302:205\u2013217","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"7_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1986.tb00854.x","volume":"67","author":"KJ Pedersen","year":"1986","unstructured":"Pedersen KJ, Pedersen LR (1986) Fine structural observations on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of Xenoturbella bocki Westblad, 1949. Acta Zool 67:103\u2013113","journal-title":"Acta Zool"},{"key":"7_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-6395.1988.tb00920.x","volume":"69","author":"KJ Pedersen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Pedersen KJ, Pedersen LR (1988) Ultrastructural observations on the epidermis of Xenoturbella bocki Westblad, 1949; with a discussion of epidermal cytoplasmic filament systems of invertebrates. Acta Zool 69:231\u2013246","journal-title":"Acta Zool"},{"key":"7_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1007\/s004350000028","volume":"120","author":"OI Raikova","year":"2000","unstructured":"Raikova OI, Reuter M, Jondelius U, Gustafsson MKS (2000) An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study of the nervous and muscular systems of Xenoturbella westbladi (bilateria inc. sed.). Zoomorphology 120:107\u2013118","journal-title":"Zoomorphology"},{"key":"7_CR34","first-page":"188","volume":"164","author":"E Reisinger","year":"1960","unstructured":"Reisinger E (1960) Was ist Xenoturbella? Z Wiss Zool 164:188\u2013198","journal-title":"Z Wiss Zool"},{"key":"7_CR35","unstructured":"Rieger RM, Tyler S, Smith III JPS, Rieger G (1991) Platyhelminthes: Turbellaria. In: Harrison FW, Bogitsh BJ (eds) Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates. Volume 3: Platyhelminthes and Nemertinea. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp 7\u2013140"},{"key":"7_CR36","first-page":"759","volume":"20","author":"K Rohde","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rohde K, Watson N, Cannon LRG (1988) Ultrastructure of epidermal cilia of Pseudactinoposthia sp. (Platyhelminthes, Acoela): implications for the phylogenetic status of the Xenoturbellida and Acoelomorpha. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 20:759\u2013767","journal-title":"J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol"},{"key":"7_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg180","volume":"19","author":"F Ronquist","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ronquist F, Huelsenbeck JP (2003) MrBayes 3 : Bayesian phylogenetic inference under mixed models. Bioinformatics 19:1572\u20131574","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"7_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11246","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.172390199","volume":"99","author":"I Ruiz-Trillo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ruiz-Trillo I, Paps J, Loukota M, Ribera C, Jondelius U, Bagu\u00f1\u00e0 J, Riutort M (2002) A phylogenetic analysis of myosin heavy chain type II sequences corroborates that Acoela and Nemertodermatida are basal bilaterians. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:11246\u201311251","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"7_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2004.06.002","volume":"33","author":"I Ruiz-Trillo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ruiz-Trillo I, Riutort M, Fourcade HM, Bagun\u00f1\u00e0 J, Boore JL (2004) Mitochondrial genome data support the basal position of Acoelomorpha and the polyphyly of the Platyhelminthes. Mol Phylogenet Evol 33:321\u2013332","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol"},{"key":"7_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6575","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.14.6575","volume":"89","author":"D Sankoff","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sankoff D, Leduc G, Antoine N, Paquin B, Lang BF (1992) Gene order comparisons for phylogenetic inference: evolution of the mitochondrial genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89:6575\u20136579","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"7_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/18.3.502","volume":"18","author":"HA Schmidt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schmidt HA, Strimmer K, Vingron M, von Haeseler A (2002) TREEPUZZLE : maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis using quartets and parallel computing. Bioinformatics 18:502\u2013504","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"7_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025315405012725","volume":"85","author":"T Stach","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stach T, Dupont S, Isrealson O, Fauville G, Nakano H, K\u00e5nneby T, horndyke M (2005) Nerve cells of Xenoturbella bocki (phylum uncertain) and Harrimania kupfferi (enteropneusta) are positively immunoreactive to antibodies raised against echinoderm neuropeptides. J Mar Biol Assoc UK 85:1519\u20131524","journal-title":"J Mar Biol Assoc UK"},{"key":"7_CR43","unstructured":"Swofford DL (2002) PAUP* : Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*and Other Methods) Version 4.0b10. Sinauer Associates, Sunderland (Handbook and Software)"},{"key":"7_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2003.2342","volume":"270","author":"MJ Telford","year":"2003","unstructured":"Telford MJ, Lockyer AE, Cartwright-Finch C, Littlewood DT (2003) Combined large and small subunit ribosomal RNA phylogenies support a basal position of the acoelomorph flatworms. Proc Biol Sci 270:1077\u20131083","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"7_CR45","first-page":"3","volume":"1","author":"E Westblad","year":"1949","unstructured":"Westblad E (1949) Xenoturbella bocki n.g., n.sp., a peculiar, primitive Turbellarian type. Ark Zool 1:3\u201329","journal-title":"Ark Zool"},{"key":"7_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-003-2511-9","volume":"57","author":"SI Yokobori","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yokobori SI, Watanabe Y, Oshima T (2003) Mitochondrial genome of Ciona savignyi (Urochordata, Ascidiacea, Enterogona): comparison of gene arrangement and tRNA genes with Halocynthia roretzi mitochondrial genome. J Mol Evol 57:574\u2013587","journal-title":"J Mol Evol"},{"key":"7_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ympev.2004.10.002","volume":"34","author":"S Yokobori","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yokobori S, Oshima T, Wada H (2005) Complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Doliolum nationalis with implications for evolution of Urochordates. Mol Phylogenet Evol 34:273\u2013283","journal-title":"Mol Phylogenet Evol"},{"key":"7_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1096-0031.1998.tb00338.x","volume":"14","author":"J Zrzavy","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zrzavy J, Mihulka S, Kepka P, Bezdek A, Tietz D (1998) Phylogeny of the metazoa based on morphological and 18S ribosomal DNA evidence. Cladistics 14:249\u2013285","journal-title":"Cladistics"}],"container-title":["Theory in Biosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12064-007-0007-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12064-007-0007-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12064-007-0007-7","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]],"date-time":"2021-08-13T07:11:12Z","timestamp":1628838672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12064-007-0007-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,10]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,24]]}},"alternative-id":["7"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12064-007-0007-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1431-7613","1611-7530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1431-7613","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-7530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,10]]}}}