{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:31:15Z","timestamp":1773664275793,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,29]],"date-time":"2008-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1209427200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Theory Biosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12064-008-0032-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,28]],"date-time":"2008-04-28T08:31:26Z","timestamp":1209371486000},"page":"69-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Genes, information and sense: complexity and knowledge retrieval"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Michael G.","family":"Sadovsky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia A.","family":"Putintseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander S.","family":"Shchepanovsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"32_CR1","first-page":"529","volume":"30","author":"NN Bugaenko","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bugaenko NN, Gorban AN, Sadovsky MG (1996) Towards the information content of nucleotide sequences. Mol Biol Mosc 30:529","journal-title":"Mol Biol Mosc"},{"key":"32_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009637019316","volume":"5","author":"NN Bugaenko","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bugaenko NN, Gorban AN, Sadovsky MG (1998) Maximum entropy method in analysis of genetic text and measurement of its information content. Open Syst Inf Dyn 5:265","journal-title":"Open Syst Inf Dyn"},{"key":"32_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg272","volume":"19","author":"A Carbone","year":"2003","unstructured":"Carbone A, Zinovyev A, Kepes F (2003) Codon Adaptation Index as a measure of dominating codon bias. Bioinformatics 19:2005","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"32_CR4","unstructured":"Durand B, Zvonkin A (2004) L\u2019h\u00e9ritage de Kolmogorov en Math\u00e9matiques, Berlin, pp 269\u2013287"},{"key":"32_CR5","first-page":"313","volume":"28","author":"AN Gorban","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gorban AN, Popova TG, Sadovsky MG (1994) Redundancy of genetic texts and mosaic structure of genomes. Mol Biology (Mosc) 28:313","journal-title":"Mol Biol (Moscow)"},{"key":"32_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gorban AN, Karlin IV (2005) Invariant manifolds for physical and chemical kinetics. Lect. Notes Phys, 660. Springer, Berlin","DOI":"10.1007\/b98103"},{"key":"32_CR7","first-page":"8023","volume":"19","author":"PM Nakamura","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nakamura PM (2000) Codon usage: mutational bias, translational selection and mutational biases. Nucleic Acids Res 19:8023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"32_CR8","first-page":"1365","volume":"31","author":"TG Popova","year":"1995","unstructured":"Popova TG, Sadovsky MG (1995) Introns differ from exons in their redundancy. Russ J Genet 31:1365","journal-title":"Russ J Genet"},{"key":"32_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rui H, Bin W (2001) Statistically significant strings are related to regulatory elements in the promoter regions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Physica A 290:464","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4371(00)00488-X"},{"key":"32_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014230928565","volume":"9","author":"MG Sadovsky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sadovsky MG (2002a) Information capacity of symbol sequences. Open Syst Inf Dyn 9:37","journal-title":"Open Syst Inf Dyn"},{"key":"32_CR11","first-page":"82","volume":"1","author":"MG Sadovsky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sadovsky MG (2002b) Towards the information capacity of symbol sequences. Electron Inform Control 1:82","journal-title":"Electronics Informatics Control"},{"key":"32_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015503617023","volume":"38","author":"MG Sadovsky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sadovsky MG (2002c) Towards the redundancy of viral and prokaryotic genomes. Russ J Genet 38:575","journal-title":"Russ J Genet"},{"key":"32_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022554613105","volume":"29","author":"MG Sadovsky","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sadovsky MG (2003) Comparison of real frequencies of strings vs. the expected ones reveals the information capacity of macromoleculae. J Biol Phys 29:23","journal-title":"J Biol Phys"},{"key":"32_CR14","unstructured":"Sadovsky MG (2005) Information capacity of biological macromoleculae reloaded ArXiv q-bio.GN 0501011 v1"},{"key":"32_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-005-9017-0","volume":"68","author":"MG Sadovsky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sadovsky MG (2006) Information capacity of nucleotide sequences and its applications. Bull Math Biol 68:156","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"},{"key":"32_CR16","unstructured":"Sadovsky MG, Putintzeva YA (2007) Codon usage bias measured through entropy approach, arXiv:0706.2077v1, 14 June 2007"},{"key":"32_CR17","volume-title":"The mathematical theory of communication","author":"CE Shannon","year":"1949","unstructured":"Shannon CE, Weaver W (1949) The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana"},{"key":"32_CR18","first-page":"8023","volume":"15","author":"PM Sharp","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sharp PM, Stenico M, Peden JF, Lloyd AT (1993) Codon usage: mutational bias, translational selection and mutational biases. Nucleic Acids Res 15:8023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"32_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1137\/1119017","volume":"19","author":"AM Zubkov","year":"1974","unstructured":"Zubkov AM, Mikhailov VG (1974) Limit distributions of random variables associated with long duplications in a sequence of independent trials. Probab Theory Appl 19:173","journal-title":"Probab Theory Appl"},{"issue":"6","key":"32_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1070\/RM1970v025n06ABEH001269","volume":"25","author":"AK Zvonkin","year":"1970","unstructured":"Zvonkin AK, Levin L (1970) The complexity of finite objects and development of the concepts of information and randomness by means of the theory of algorithms. Russ Math Surv 25(6):83","journal-title":"Russ Math Surv"}],"container-title":["Theory in Biosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12064-008-0032-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12064-008-0032-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12064-008-0032-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,2]],"date-time":"2019-06-02T03:33:20Z","timestamp":1559446400000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12064-008-0032-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,29]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,5]]}},"alternative-id":["32"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12064-008-0032-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1431-7613","1611-7530"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1431-7613","type":"print"},{"value":"1611-7530","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,29]]}}}