{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T16:10:07Z","timestamp":1750003807153,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487721600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Theory Biosci."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12064-017-0242-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]],"date-time":"2017-02-22T11:26:50Z","timestamp":1487762810000},"page":"1-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Knowledge"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"136","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5258-6590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00fcrgen","family":"Jost","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"242_CR1","first-page":"131","volume-title":"Decision and organization","author":"KJ Arrow","year":"1971","unstructured":"Arrow KJ (1971) The value of and demand for information. In: McGuire CB, Radner R (eds) Decision and organization. Amsterdam, NorthHolland, pp 131\u2013139"},{"key":"242_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s12064-011-0137-9","volume":"131","author":"N Ay","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ay N, Bernigau H, Der R, Prokopenko M (2012) Information-driven self-organization: the dynamical system approach to autonomous robot behavior. Theory Biosci 131:161\u2013179","journal-title":"Theory Biosci"},{"key":"242_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s12064-015-0217-3","volume":"134","author":"N Ay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ay N, L\u00f6hr W (2015) The Umwelt of an embodied agent\u2014a measure-theoretic definition. Theory Biosci 134:105\u2013116","journal-title":"Theory Biosci"},{"key":"242_CR4","unstructured":"Bateson G (1972) Steps to an ecology of mind. In: Collected essays in anthropology, psychiatry, evolution and epistemology. Chandler Publishing Company"},{"key":"242_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1162\/089976603321780317","volume":"15","author":"M Belkin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Belkin M, Niyogi P (2003) Laplacian eigenmaps for dimensionality reduction and data representation. Neural Comput 15:1373\u20131396","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"key":"242_CR6","unstructured":"Bertschinger N, Wolpert D, Olbrich E, Jost J (2015) Value of information in noncooperative games. arXiv:1401.0001"},{"key":"242_CR7","unstructured":"Borges JL (1942) El idioma anal\u00edtico de John Wilkins, La Naci\u00f3n, Argentina. Reprinted in: Borges JL (1996) Obras completas, Vol. II. Edec\u00e9 Editores, Buenos Aires, 1976, pp 84\u201387"},{"key":"242_CR8","unstructured":"Breidbach O (2001) Hirn und Bewusstsein\u2014\u00dcberlegungen zu einer Geschichte der Neurowissenschaften. In: Pauen M, Roth G (eds) Neurowissenschaften und Philosophie. Eine Einf\u00fchrung. W.Fink Verlag, M\u00fcnchen, pp 11-58"},{"key":"242_CR9","volume-title":"Deutungen. Zur philosophischen Dimension der internen Repr\u00e4sentation","author":"O Breidbach","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breidbach O (2001) Deutungen. Zur philosophischen Dimension der internen Repr\u00e4sentation. Velbr\u00fcck, Weilerswist"},{"key":"242_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breidbach O (2003) Zur Repr\u00e4sentation des Wissens bei Athanasius Kircher. In: Schramm H, Schwarte L, Lazardzig J (eds) Kunstkammer, Laboratorium, B\u00fchne. Schaupl\u00e4tze des Wissens im 17. Jahrhundert. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 282\u2013302. English version: Breidbach O (2005) On the representation of knowledge in Athanasius Kircher. In: Schramm H, Schwarte L, Lanzardig J (eds) Collection, laboratory, theater. Scenes of Knowledge in the 17th Century, vol. 1. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, pp 63\u201376","DOI":"10.1515\/9783110201765.282"},{"key":"242_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30965\/9783846740873","volume-title":"Bilder des Wissens. Zur Kulturgeschichte der wissenschaftlichen Wahrnehmung","author":"O Breidbach","year":"2005","unstructured":"Breidbach O (2005) Bilder des Wissens. Zur Kulturgeschichte der wissenschaftlichen Wahrnehmung. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, M\u00fcnchen"},{"key":"242_CR12","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Athanasius Kircher. L\u2019idea di scienza universale","author":"O Breidbach","year":"2007","unstructured":"Breidbach O (2007) Rappresentazioni del sapere. Un confronto delle forme di rappresentazione della scienza universale barocca (Athanasius Kircher) con quelle della modernit\u00e0. In: Vercellone F, Bertinetto A (eds) Athanasius Kircher. L\u2019idea di scienza universale. Mimesis Edizioni, Milano, pp 29\u201357"},{"key":"242_CR13","volume-title":"Neue Wissensordnungen. Wie aus Informationen und Nachrichten kulturelles Wissen entsteht","author":"O Breidbach","year":"2008","unstructured":"Breidbach O (2008) Neue Wissensordnungen. Wie aus Informationen und Nachrichten kulturelles Wissen entsteht. Suhrkamp, Frankfurt\/M"},{"key":"242_CR14","volume-title":"Radikale Historisierung. Kulturelle Selbstversicherung im Postdarwinismus","author":"O Breidbach","year":"2011","unstructured":"Breidbach O (2011) Radikale Historisierung. Kulturelle Selbstversicherung im Postdarwinismus. Suhrkamp, Berlin"},{"key":"242_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30965\/9783846755440","volume-title":"Neuronale \u00c4sthetik. Zur Morpho-Logik des Anschauens","author":"O Breidbach","year":"2013","unstructured":"Breidbach O (2013) Neuronale \u00c4sthetik. Zur Morpho-Logik des Anschauens. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, M\u00fcnchen"},{"key":"242_CR16","first-page":"991","volume":"57","author":"O Breidbach","year":"2006","unstructured":"Breidbach O, Ghiselin M (2006) Athanasius Kircher (1602\u20131680) on Noahs Ark: Baroque \u201cIntelligent Design\u201d Theory. Proc Calif Acad Sci 57:991\u20131002","journal-title":"Proc Calif Acad Sci"},{"key":"242_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thbio.2006.02.001","volume":"125","author":"O Breidbach","year":"2006","unstructured":"Breidbach O, Jost J (2006) On the gestalt concept. Theory Biosci 125:19\u201336","journal-title":"Theory Biosci"},{"key":"242_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902970306","volume":"297","author":"O Breidbach","year":"1990","unstructured":"Breidbach O, Kutsch W (1990) Structural homology of identified motoneurons in larval and adult stages of hemi- and holometabolous insects. J Comp Neurol 297:392\u2013409","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"242_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30965\/9783846752494","volume-title":"Anschauung denken","author":"O Breidbach","year":"2011","unstructured":"Breidbach O, Vercellone F (2011) Anschauung denken. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, M\u00fcnchen"},{"key":"242_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/cpa.20124","volume":"59","author":"E Cand\u00e8s","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cand\u00e8s E, Romberg J, Tao T (2006) Stable signal recovery from incomplete and inaccurate measurements. Commun Pure Appl Math 59:1207\u20131223","journal-title":"Commun Pure Appl Math"},{"key":"242_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2307\/411334","volume":"35","author":"N Chomsky","year":"1959","unstructured":"Chomsky N (1959) Review of verbal behavior by B.F.Skinner. Language 35:26\u201358","journal-title":"Language"},{"key":"242_CR22","volume-title":"Aspects of the theory of syntax","author":"N Chomsky","year":"1965","unstructured":"Chomsky N (1965) Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"242_CR23","volume-title":"Lectures on government and binding","author":"N Chomsky","year":"1981","unstructured":"Chomsky N (1981) Lectures on government and binding. Foris, Dordrecht"},{"key":"242_CR24","volume-title":"The minimalist program","author":"N Chomsky","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chomsky N (1995) The minimalist program. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"242_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2006.871582","volume":"52","author":"D Donoho","year":"2006","unstructured":"Donoho D (2006) Compressed sensing. IEEE Trans Inform Theory 52:1289\u20131306","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inform Theory"},{"key":"242_CR26","volume-title":"Einfhrung in die Semiotik","author":"U Eco","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eco U (2002) Einfhrung in die Semiotik, 9th edn. Wilhelm Fink Verlag, M\u00fcnchen","edition":"9"},{"volume-title":"The pragmatic turn. Toward action-oriented views in cognitive science","year":"2015","key":"242_CR27","unstructured":"Engel A, Friston K, Kragic D (eds) (2015) The pragmatic turn. Toward action-oriented views in cognitive science. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"242_CR28","unstructured":"Exner S (1999) Entwurf zu einer physiologischen Erkl\u00e4rung der psychischen Erscheinungen, Frankfurt. Reprint of the original 1894 edition"},{"key":"242_CR29","unstructured":"Fried J (2003) Geschichte und Gehirn. Irritationen der Geschichtswissenschaft durch Ged\u00e4chtniskritik. Abh. Geistes- und Sozialwiss.Kl. d. Akad. Wiss.Lit. Mainz, Jg.2003, No. 7"},{"key":"242_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.17104\/9783406631764","volume-title":"Der Schleier der Erinnerung: Grundz\u00fcge einer historischen Memorik","author":"J Fried","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fried J (2012) Der Schleier der Erinnerung: Grundz\u00fcge einer historischen Memorik. Beck, M\u00fcnchen"},{"key":"242_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7678","DOI":"10.1038\/383076a0","volume":"383","author":"W Gerstner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gerstner W, Kempter R, van Hemmen J, Wagner H (1996) A neuronal learning rule for sub-millisecond temporal coding. Nature 383:7678","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"242_CR32","unstructured":"Grelling K, Oppenheim P (1988) Der Gestaltbegriff im Lichte der neuen Logik, Erkenntnis 7, 1937\/38, pp 211\u201325. English translation: The concept of Gestalt in the light of modern logic. In: Smith B (ed) Foundations of Gestalt Theory. Philosophia Verlag, M\u00fcnchen, pp 191\u2013205"},{"key":"242_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-28027-6","volume-title":"Tensor spaces and numerical tensor calculus","author":"W Hackbusch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hackbusch W (2012) Tensor spaces and numerical tensor calculus. Springer, Heidelberg"},{"key":"242_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haken H (1990) Synergetik, 3rd edn. Springer, Berlin","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-10186-5"},{"key":"242_CR35","unstructured":"Hebb D (1949) The organization of behavior, New York"},{"key":"242_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thbio.2003.10.001","volume":"123","author":"J Jost","year":"2004","unstructured":"Jost J (2004) External and internal complexity of complex adaptive systems. Theory Biosci 123:69\u201388","journal-title":"Theory Biosci"},{"key":"242_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thbio.2006.03.001","volume":"125","author":"J Jost","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jost J (2006) Temporal correlation based learning in neuron models. Theory Biosci 125:37\u201353","journal-title":"Theory Biosci"},{"key":"242_CR39","volume-title":"Dynamical systems. Examples of complex behavior","author":"J Jost","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jost J (2005) Dynamical systems. Examples of complex behavior. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"242_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20436-9","volume-title":"Mathematical concepts","author":"J Jost","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jost J (2015a) Mathematical concepts. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York"},{"key":"242_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Jost J (2015b) Object oriented models vs. data analysis\u2014is this the right alternative? In: Carrier M, Lenhard J (eds) Mathematics as a Tool, vol 327. Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-319-54469-4_14","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-54469-4_14"},{"key":"242_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/9780262034326.003.0008","volume-title":"The pragmatic turn. Toward action-oriented views in cognitive science","author":"J Jost","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jost J (2016) Sensorimotor contingencies and the dynamical creation of structural relations underlying percepts. In: Engel A, Friston K, Kragic D (eds) The pragmatic turn. Toward action-oriented views in cognitive science. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 121\u2013138"},{"key":"242_CR41","unstructured":"Jost J (2017a) Biologie und Mathematik (monograph in preparation)"},{"key":"242_CR42","unstructured":"Jost J (2017b) Neural networks (monograph in preparation)"},{"key":"242_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jost J (2017c) Relations and dependencies between morphological characters (in press)","DOI":"10.1007\/s12064-017-0248-z"},{"key":"242_CR46","first-page":"125","volume":"116","author":"J Jost","year":"1997","unstructured":"Jost J, Holthausen K, Breidbach O (1997) On the mathematical foundations of a theory of neural representation. Theory Biosci 116:125\u2013139","journal-title":"Theory Biosci"},{"key":"242_CR47","volume-title":"Zeichentheorie","author":"R Keller","year":"1995","unstructured":"Keller R (1995) Zeichentheorie. A. Francke Verlag, T\u00fcbingen and Basel"},{"key":"242_CR48","unstructured":"Kircher A (1669) Ars Magna Sciendi, sive combinatoria, Amsterdam. In: Sommer A (ed) Vienna (2005)"},{"key":"242_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1126\/science.275.5297.213","volume":"275","author":"H Markram","year":"1997","unstructured":"Markram H, L\u00fcbke J, Frotscher M, Sakmann B (1997) Regulation of synaptic efficacy by coincidence of synaptic APs and EPSPs. Science 275:213\u2013215","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"242_CR50","unstructured":"Needham (2017) Science and civilization in China, vol 2. Cambr. Univ. Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"242_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-00757-7","volume-title":"Wissen begreifen. Zur Selbstorganisation von Erfahrung, Handlung und Begriff","author":"W Neuser","year":"2013","unstructured":"Neuser W (2013) Wissen begreifen. Zur Selbstorganisation von Erfahrung, Handlung und Begriff. Springer, Berlin"},{"key":"242_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6979.001.0001","volume-title":"Understanding intelligence","author":"R Pfeifer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pfeifer R, Scheier C (1999) Understanding intelligence. MIT Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"242_CR53","unstructured":"Quine WVO (1953) From a logical point of view. Cambridge (1980)"},{"key":"242_CR54","unstructured":"Rossi P (1983) Clavis universalis: Arti delle memoria e logica combinatoria da Lullo a Leibniz, Societ\u00e0 editrice il Mulino, Bologna. English translation: Rossi P (2006) Logic and the art of memory. The quest for a universal language. Continuum, London"},{"key":"242_CR55","volume-title":"Geschichte der chinesischen Literatur","author":"H Schmidt-Glintzer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Schmidt-Glintzer H (1990) Geschichte der chinesischen Literatur. Scherz, Bern"},{"key":"242_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16961","volume":"529","author":"D Silver","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silver D et al (2016) Mastering the game of Go with deep neural networks and tree search. Nature 529:484\u2013503","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"242_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smith JD, Minda JP (2002) Distinguishing prototype-based and exemplar-based processes in dotpattern category learning. J Exp Psychol Learn Memory Cogn 28:800\u2013811","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.28.4.800"},{"key":"242_CR58","volume-title":"The mathematical theory of communication","author":"C Shannon","year":"1949","unstructured":"Shannon C, Weaver W (1949) The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana u. Chicago"},{"key":"242_CR59","unstructured":"Spence J (1984) The memory palace of Matteo Ricci. Penguin"},{"key":"242_CR60","volume-title":"The cultural origins of human cognition","author":"M Tomasello","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tomasello M (1999) The cultural origins of human cognition. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"242_CR61","volume-title":"Constructing a language. A usage-based theory of language acquisition","author":"M Tomasello","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tomasello M (2003) Constructing a language. A usage-based theory of language acquisition. Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"242_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vapnik VN (1995) The nature of statistical learning theory. Springer, New York","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-2440-0"},{"key":"242_CR63","volume-title":"Statistical learning theory","author":"VN Vapnik","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vapnik VN (1998) Statistical learning theory. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"242_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"von Ehrenfels Chr (1980) \u00dcber \u201cGestaltqualit\u00e4ten\u201d, Vierteljahresschrift f\u00fcr wissenschaftliche Philosophie 14, pp 242\u2014292. English translation: (1988) On \u2019Gestalt qualities\u2019. In: Smith B (ed) Foundations of gestalt theory. Philosophia Verlag, M\u00fcnchen, pp 82\u2013117","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv2x8v91j.5"},{"key":"242_CR65","unstructured":"Von Neumann J (1967) In: Burks AW (ed) Theory of self-reproducing automata. University of Illinois Press, Urbana"},{"key":"242_CR66","volume-title":"Klassische Texte der Wissenschaft","author":"J Uexk\u00fcll Von","year":"2014","unstructured":"Von Uexk\u00fcll J (2014) Umwelt und Innenwelt der Tiere. In: Mildenberger F, Herrmann B (eds) Klassische Texte der Wissenschaft. Springer, New York"},{"key":"242_CR67","unstructured":"Weinberg S (1993) The first three minutes. A modern view of the origin of the universe, Basic Books"},{"key":"242_CR68","volume-title":"Knowledge and its limits","author":"T Williamson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Williamson T (2000) Knowledge and its limits. Oxford University Press, Oxford"},{"key":"242_CR69","volume-title":"The art of memory","author":"F Yates","year":"1966","unstructured":"Yates F (1966) The art of memory. Routledge and Kegan Paul, London"},{"volume-title":"Repr\u00e4sentationismus Was sonst?","year":"1996","key":"242_CR70","unstructured":"Ziemke A, Breidbach O (eds) (1996) Repr\u00e4sentationismus Was sonst? Vieweg, Braunschweig\/Wiesbaden"}],"container-title":["Theory in Biosciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12064-017-0242-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12064-017-0242-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12064-017-0242-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,15]],"date-time":"2025-06-15T15:39:53Z","timestamp":1750001993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12064-017-0242-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,6]]}},"alternative-id":["242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12064-017-0242-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1431-7613","1611-7530"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1431-7613"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1611-7530"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,22]]}}}