{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T08:06:28Z","timestamp":1773043588399,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evol. Intel."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12065-019-00246-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]],"date-time":"2019-06-07T06:02:54Z","timestamp":1559887374000},"page":"395-420","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Chemical reaction optimization: survey on variants"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Md. Rafiqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"C. M. Khaled","family":"Saifullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Md. Riaz","family":"Mahmud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"246_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plrev.2005.10.001","volume":"2","author":"C Blum","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blum C (2005) Ant colony optimization: introduction and recent trends. Phys Life Rev 2(4):353\u2013373","journal-title":"Phys Life Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"246_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1109\/MIS.2004.1265875","volume":"19","author":"N Shadbolt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shadbolt N (2004) Nature-inspired computing. IEEE Intell Syst 19(1):2\u20133","journal-title":"IEEE Intell Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"246_CR3","first-page":"340","volume":"44","author":"MR Garey","year":"1979","unstructured":"Garey MR (1979) Computers and intractability: a guide to the theory of np-completeness. Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da USP 44(2):340","journal-title":"Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da USP"},{"key":"246_CR4","volume-title":"Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms","author":"XS Yang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yang XS (2010) Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. Luniver Press, Osaka"},{"issue":"1","key":"246_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12001","volume":"22","author":"K S\u00f6rensen","year":"2015","unstructured":"S\u00f6rensen K (2015) Metaheuristics\u2014the metaphor exposed. Int Trans Oper Res 22(1):3\u201318","journal-title":"Int Trans Oper Res"},{"key":"246_CR6","unstructured":"Fister\u00a0Jr I, Yang XS, Fister I, Brest J, Fister D (2013) A brief review of nature-inspired algorithms for optimization. arXiv preprint \n                    arXiv:1307.4186"},{"key":"246_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-05094-1","volume-title":"Introduction to evolutionary computing","author":"AE Eiben","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eiben AE, Smith JE et al (2003) Introduction to evolutionary computing, vol 53. Springer, Berlin"},{"issue":"4","key":"246_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3844\/ajeassp.2009.789.795","volume":"2","author":"NM Al-Salami","year":"2009","unstructured":"Al-Salami NM (2009) Evolutionary algorithm definition. Am J Eng Appl Sci 2(4):789\u2013795","journal-title":"Am J Eng Appl Sci"},{"key":"246_CR9","volume-title":"Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning","author":"J Holland","year":"1989","unstructured":"Holland J, Goldberg D (1989) Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning. Addison-Wesley, Boston"},{"key":"246_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-55860-595-4.X5000-1","volume-title":"Swarm intelligence","author":"J Kennedy","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kennedy J, Eberhart RC, Shi Y (2001) Swarm intelligence. Elsevier, Amsterdam. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-1-55860-595-4.X5000-1"},{"issue":"4","key":"246_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1109\/MCI.2006.329691","volume":"1","author":"M Dorigo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dorigo M, Birattari M, St\u00fctzle T (2006) Ant colony optimization\u2014artificial ants as a computational intelligence technique. IEEE Comput Intell Mag 1(4):28\u201339","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Intell Mag"},{"key":"246_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2307\/2348448","volume":"44","author":"SP Brooks","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brooks SP, Morgan BJ (1995) Optimization using simulated annealing. The Statistician 44:241\u2013257","journal-title":"The Statistician"},{"issue":"3","key":"246_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2009.2033580","volume":"14","author":"AY Lam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lam AY, Li VO (2010) Chemical-reaction-inspired metaheuristic for optimization. IEEE Trans Evolut Comput 14(3):381\u2013399","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evolut Comput"},{"key":"246_CR14","unstructured":"Xu J, Lam AY, Li VO (2010) Parallel chemical reaction optimization for the quadratic assignment problem. In: World congress in computer science, computer engineering, and applied computing, Worldcomp 2010"},{"issue":"10","key":"246_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2011.35","volume":"22","author":"J Xu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xu J, Lam AY, Li VO (2011) Chemical reaction optimization for task scheduling in grid computing. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 22(10):1624\u20131631","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst"},{"key":"246_CR16","unstructured":"Lam AY, Li VO (2010) Chemical reaction optimization for cognitive radio spectrum allocation. In: Global telecommunications conference (GLOBECOM 2010), 2010 IEEE. IEEE, pp 1\u20135"},{"issue":"4","key":"246_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2012.11.048","volume":"13","author":"TK Truong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Truong TK, Li K, Xu Y (2013) Chemical reaction optimization with greedy strategy for the 0\u20131 knapsack problem. Appl Soft Comput 13(4):1774\u20131780","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"key":"246_CR18","unstructured":"Truong TK, Li K, Xu Y, Ouyang A, Tang X (2013) An artificial chemical reaction optimization algorithm for multiple-choice knapsack problem. In: Proceedings on the international conference on artificial intelligence (ICAI). The steering committee of the world congress in computer science, computer engineering and applied computing (WorldComp), p 1"},{"key":"246_CR19","unstructured":"Xu J, Lam AY, Li VO (2011) Stock portfolio selection using chemical reaction optimization. In: Proceedings of international conference on operations research and financial engineering (ICORFE 2011), pp 458\u2013463"},{"key":"246_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ngambusabongsopa R, Li Z, Eldesouky E (2015) A hybrid mutation chemical reaction optimization algorithm for global numerical optimization. Math Probl Eng 2015, Article ID 375902. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/375902","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/375902"},{"key":"246_CR21","unstructured":"Islam MR, Asha ZT, Ahmed R (2015) Longest common subsequence using chemical reaction optimization. In: 2015 2nd international conference on electrical information and communication technology (EICT). IEEE, pp 29\u201333"},{"key":"246_CR22","unstructured":"Saifullah CK, Islam MR (2016) Solving shortest common supersequence problem using chemical reaction optimization. In: 2016 5th international conference on informatics, electronics and vision (ICIEV). IEEE, pp 50\u201355"},{"key":"246_CR23","unstructured":"Eldos T, Kanan A, Nazih W, Khatatbih A (2015) Adapting the chemical reaction optimization algorithm to the printed circuit board drilling problem. In: International conference on computer, computational and mathematical sciences. Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"},{"issue":"9","key":"246_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpdc.2013.05.005","volume":"73","author":"Y Xu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xu Y, Li K, He L, Truong TK (2013) A dag scheduling scheme on heterogeneous computing systems using double molecular structure-based chemical reaction optimization. J Parallel Distrib Comput 73(9):1306\u20131322","journal-title":"J Parallel Distrib Comput"},{"key":"246_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2017.02.037","volume":"79","author":"J Nayak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nayak J, Naik B, Behera HS, Abraham A (2017) Hybrid chemical reaction based metaheuristic with fuzzy c-means algorithm for optimal cluster analysis. Expert Syst Appl 79:282\u2013295","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"246_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bensedira B, Layeb A, Bouzoubia S, Habbas Z (2016) CRO-CARP: a chemical reaction optimization for capacitated arc routing problem. In: 2016 8th international conference on modelling, identification and control (ICMIC). IEEE, pp 757\u2013762","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMIC.2016.7804214"},{"issue":"3","key":"246_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1504\/IJDATS.2016.079059","volume":"8","author":"SR Sahu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sahu SR, Behera HS (2016) A hybrid CRO-based FLANN for financial stock market forecasting. Int J Data Anal Tech Strateg 8(3):261\u2013279","journal-title":"Int J Data Anal Tech Strateg"},{"key":"246_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2016.05.005","volume":"47","author":"W Szeto","year":"2016","unstructured":"Szeto W, Liu Y, Ho SC (2016) Chemical reaction optimization for solving a static bike repositioning problem. Transp Res Part D Transp Environ 47:104\u2013135","journal-title":"Transp Res Part D Transp Environ"},{"issue":"21","key":"246_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6421","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-016-2200-4","volume":"21","author":"TL Dam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dam TL, Li K, Fournier-Viger P (2017) Chemical reaction optimization with unified tabu search for the vehicle routing problem. Soft Comput 21(21):6421\u20136433","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"246_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahmud MR, Pritom RM, Islam MR (2017) Optimization of collaborative transportation scheduling in supply chain management with TPL using chemical reaction optimization. In: 2017 20th international conference of computer and information technology (ICCIT). IEEE, pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCITECHN.2017.8281767"},{"issue":"1","key":"246_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s12293-012-0075-1","volume":"4","author":"AY Lam","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lam AY, Li VO (2012) Chemical reaction optimization: a tutorial. Memet Comput 4(1):3\u201317","journal-title":"Memet Comput"},{"issue":"10","key":"246_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2051","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2363878","volume":"45","author":"S Bechikh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bechikh S, Chaabani A, Said LB (2015) An efficient chemical reaction optimization algorithm for multiobjective optimization. IEEE Trans Cybern 45(10):2051\u20132064","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"issue":"9","key":"246_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2847","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-017-1115-9","volume":"48","author":"A Chaabani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chaabani A, Bechikh S, Said LB (2018) A new co-evolutionary decomposition-based algorithm for bi-level combinatorial optimization. Appl Intell 48(9):2847\u20132872","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"key":"246_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deb K (2014) Multi-objective optimization. In: Search methodologies. Springer, pp 403\u2013449","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-6940-7_15"},{"key":"246_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bechikh S, Said LB, Gh\u00e9dira K (2011) Negotiating decision makers\u2019 reference points for group preference-based evolutionary multi-objective optimization. In: 2011 11th international conference on hybrid intelligent systems (HIS). IEEE, pp 377\u2013382","DOI":"10.1109\/HIS.2011.6122135"},{"issue":"5","key":"246_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2012.2227973","volume":"17","author":"AY Lam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lam AY, Li VO, Xu J (2013) On the convergence of chemical reaction optimization for combinatorial optimization. IEEE Trans Evolut Comput 17(5):605\u2013620","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Evolut Comput"},{"key":"246_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3200-3","author":"MR Islam","year":"2018","unstructured":"Islam MR, Saifullah CK, Asha ZT, Ahamed R (2018) Chemical reaction optimization for solving longest common subsequence problem for multiple string. Soft Comput. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00500-018-3200-3","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"2","key":"246_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-018-1281-4","volume":"49","author":"R Kabir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kabir R, Islam R (2018) Chemical reaction optimization for RNA structure prediction. Appl Intell 49(2):352\u2013375","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"key":"246_CR39","unstructured":"Guggenheim EA (1985) Thermodynamics\u2014an advanced treatment for chemists and physicists. Amsterdam, North-Holland, p 414"},{"key":"246_CR40","unstructured":"Yu JJQ, Lam AYS, Li VOK (2012) Real-coded chemical reaction optimization with different perturbation functions. In: 2012 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation (CEC). IEEE, pp 1\u20138"},{"issue":"1","key":"246_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2006.07.014","volume":"177","author":"H Dong","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dong H, He J, Huang H, Hou W (2007) Evolutionary programming using a mixed mutation strategy. Inf Sci 177(1):312\u2013327","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"246_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2013.09.012","volume":"41","author":"TT Nguyen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nguyen TT, Li Z, Zhang S, Truong TK (2014) A hybrid algorithm based on particle swarm and chemical reaction optimization. Expert Syst Appl 41(5):2134\u20132143","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"key":"246_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocs.2015.09.003","volume":"17","author":"H Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li H, Wang L, Hei X (2016) Decomposition-based chemical reaction optimization (CRO) and an extended CRO algorithms for multiobjective optimization. J Comput Sci 17:174\u2013204","journal-title":"J Comput Sci"},{"key":"246_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asej.2015.07.015","volume":"8","author":"S Nayak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nayak S, Misra B, Behera H (2017) Artificial chemical reaction optimization of neural networks for efficient prediction of stock market indices. Ain Shams Eng J 8:371\u2013390","journal-title":"Ain Shams Eng J"},{"key":"246_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2016.05.004","volume":"64","author":"CK Saifullah","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saifullah CK, Islam MR (2016) Chemical reaction optimization for solving shortest common supersequence problem. Comput Biol Chem 64:82\u201393","journal-title":"Comput Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"246_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12033","volume":"29","author":"WY Szeto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Szeto WY, Wang Y, Wong SC (2014) The chemical reaction optimization approach to solving the environmentally sustainable network design problem. Comput-Aided Civ Infrastruct Eng 29(2):140\u2013158","journal-title":"Comput-Aided Civ Infrastruct Eng"},{"key":"246_CR47","unstructured":"Yu JJQ, Lam AYS, Li VOK (2011) Evolutionary artificial neural network based on chemical reaction optimization. In: 2011 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation (CEC). IEEE, pp 2083\u20132090"},{"key":"246_CR48","unstructured":"Yu JJQ, Lam AYS, Li VOK (2014) Chemical reaction optimization for the set covering problem. In: 2014 IEEE congress on evolutionary computation (CEC). IEEE, pp 512\u2013519"}],"container-title":["Evolutionary Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12065-019-00246-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12065-019-00246-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12065-019-00246-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,5]],"date-time":"2020-06-05T23:09:53Z","timestamp":1591398593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12065-019-00246-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["246"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12065-019-00246-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5909","1864-5917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5909","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-5917","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 April 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 May 2019","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 May 2019","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2019","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}