{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:35:30Z","timestamp":1762868130343},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588809600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evol. Intel."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12065-020-00406-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]],"date-time":"2020-05-07T19:02:38Z","timestamp":1588878158000},"page":"1475-1494","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Enhanced forensic speaker verification performance using the ICA-EBM algorithm under noisy and reverberant environments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ahmed Kamil Hasan","family":"Al-Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ganesh R.","family":"Naik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"406_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2008.931100","volume":"26","author":"JP Campbell","year":"2009","unstructured":"Campbell JP, Shen W, Campbell WM, Schwartz R, Bonastre J-F, Matrouf D (2009) Forensic speaker recognition. IEEE Signal Process Mag 26:95\u2013103","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Mag"},{"key":"406_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandasari MI, McLaren M, van Leeuwen DA (2012) The effect of noise on modern automatic speaker recognition systems. In: IEEE international conference on acoustic, speech and signal processing, pp 4249\u20134252","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2012.6288857"},{"key":"406_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ganapathy S, Pelecanos J, Omar MK (2011) Feature normalization for speaker verification in room reverberation. In: 2011 IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing, pp 4836\u20134839","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2011.5947438"},{"key":"406_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehmann EA, Johansson AM, Nordholm S (2007) Reverberation-time prediction method for room impulse responses simulated with the image-source model. IEEE workshop on applications of signal processing to audio and acoustics, pp 159\u2013162","DOI":"10.1109\/ASPAA.2007.4392980"},{"key":"406_CR5","unstructured":"Al-Ali AKH, Dean D, Senadji B, Chandran V (2016) Comparison of speech enhancement algorithms for forensic applications. In: 16th Australian international speech science and technology conference, pp 169\u2013172"},{"key":"406_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribas D, Vincent E, Calvo JR (2015) Full multicondition training for robust i-vector based speaker recognition. In: Proceedings of interspeech, pp 1057\u20131061","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2015-284"},{"key":"406_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rosca J, Balan R, Beaugeant C (2003) Multi-channel psychoacoustically motivated speech enhancement. In: Proceedings of international conference on multimedia and expo, pp I84\u2013I87","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME.2003.1221287"},{"key":"406_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Rodr\u00edguez J, Ortega-Garc\u00eda J, Mart\u00edn C, Hern\u00e1ndez L (1996) Increasing robustness in GMM speaker recognition systems for noisy and reverberant speech with low complexity microphone arrays. In: 4th international conference on spoken language, pp 1333\u20131336","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSLP.1996.607859"},{"issue":"8","key":"406_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1109\/78.934132","volume":"49","author":"S Gannot","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gannot S, Burshtein D, Weinstein E (2001) Signal enhancement using beamforming and nonstationarity with applications to speech. IEEE Trans Signal Process 49(8):1614\u20131626","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process"},{"issue":"3","key":"406_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.1986.1143832","volume":"34","author":"K Buckley","year":"1986","unstructured":"Buckley K, Griffiths L (1986) An adaptive generalized sidelobe canceller with derivative constraints. IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 34(3):311\u2013319","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Antennas Propag"},{"key":"406_CR11","first-page":"17","volume":"11","author":"A Borowicz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Borowicz A (2014) A robust generalized sidelobe canceller employing speech leakage masking. Adv Comput Sci Res 11:17\u201329","journal-title":"Adv Comput Sci Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"406_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2014.2302897","volume":"21","author":"YG Jin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jin YG, Shin JW, Kim NS (2014) Spectro-temporal filtering for multichannel speech enhancement in short-time Fourier transform domain. IEEE Signal Process Lett 21(3):352\u2013355","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"issue":"10","key":"406_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5151","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2010.2055859","volume":"58","author":"X-L Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li X-L, Adali T (2010) Independent component analysis by entropy bound minimization. IEEE Trans Signal Process 58(10):5151\u20135164","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Signal Process"},{"key":"406_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sedl\u00e1k V, \u010eura\u010dkov\u00e1 D, Z\u00e1lusk\u1ef3 R (2012) Investigation impact of environment for performance of ICA for speech separation. IEEE ELEKTRO, pp 89\u201393","DOI":"10.1109\/ELEKTRO.2012.6225578"},{"issue":"7","key":"406_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2018.2805423","volume":"18","author":"SC Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee SC, Wang JF, Chen MH (2018) Threshold-based noise detection and reduction for automatic speech recognition system in human\u2013robot interactions. Sens J 18(7):1\u201312","journal-title":"Sens J"},{"issue":"1","key":"406_CR16","first-page":"1279","volume":"7","author":"N Shanmugapriya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shanmugapriya N, Chandra E (2016) Evaluation of sound classification using modified classifier and speech enhancement using ICA algorithm for hearing aid application. ICTACT J Commun Technol 7(1):1279\u20131288","journal-title":"ICTACT J Commun Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"406_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(00)00026-5","volume":"13","author":"A Hyv\u00e4rinen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hyv\u00e4rinen A, Oja E (2000) Independent component analysis: algorithms and applications. Neural Netw 13(4):411\u2013430","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"issue":"3","key":"406_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1109\/72.761722","volume":"10","author":"A Hyv\u00e4rinen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hyv\u00e4rinen A (1999) Fast and robust fixed-point algorithms for independent component analysis. IEEE Trans Neural Netw 10(3):626\u2013634","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Netw"},{"issue":"6","key":"406_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1995.7.6.1129","volume":"7","author":"AJ Bell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bell AJ, Sejnowski TJ (1995) An information\u2013maximization approach to blind separation and blind deconvolution. Neural Comput 7(6):1129\u20131159","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"issue":"12","key":"406_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2009.04.021","volume":"89","author":"Z Koldovsk\u1ef3","year":"2009","unstructured":"Koldovsk\u1ef3 Z, M\u00e1lek J, Tichavsk\u1ef3 P, Deville Y, Hosseini S (2009) Blind separation of piecewise stationary non-Gaussian sources. Signal Process 89(12):2570\u20132584","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"key":"406_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Ali AKH, Senadji B, Naik GR (2017) Enhanced forensic speaker verification using multi-run ICA in the presence of environmental noise and reverberation conditions. In: IEEE international conference on signal and image processing applications, pp 174\u2013179","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSIPA.2017.8120601"},{"issue":"3","key":"406_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1684(94)90029-9","volume":"36","author":"P Comon","year":"1994","unstructured":"Comon P (1994) Independent component analysis, a new concept? Signal Process 36(3):287\u2013314","journal-title":"Signal Process"},{"key":"406_CR23","unstructured":"Morrison GS, Zhang C, Enzinger E, Ochoa F, Bleach D, Johnson M et al (2015) Forensic database of voice recordings of 500+ Australian English speakers. http:\/\/databases.forensic-voice-comparison.net\/#australian_english_500"},{"issue":"2","key":"406_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/00450618.2011.630412","volume":"44","author":"GS Morrison","year":"2012","unstructured":"Morrison GS, Rose P, Zhang C (2012) Protocol for the collection of databases of recordings for forensic-voice-comparison research and practice. Aust J Forensic Sci 44(2):155\u2013167","journal-title":"Aust J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"406_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Ali AKH, Senadji B, Chandran V (2017) Hybrid DWT and MFCC feature warping for noisy forensic speaker verification in room reverberation. In: IEEE international conference on signal and image processing applications, pp 434\u2013439","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSIPA.2017.8120650"},{"key":"406_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dean DB, Sridharan S, Vogt RJ, Mason MW (2010) The QUT-NOISE- TIMIT corpus for the evaluation of voice activity detection algorithms. In: Proceedings of interspeech","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2010-774"},{"key":"406_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novotny O, Plchot O, Glembek O, Cernocky JH, Burget L (2018) Analysis of DNN speech signal enhancement for robust speaker recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.07629, pp 1\u201316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2019.06.004"},{"issue":"3","key":"406_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.3813\/AAA.919191","volume":"104","author":"M Lee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee M, Chang JH (2018) Deep neural network based blind estimation of reverberation time based on multi-channel microphones. Acta Acust United Acust 104(3):486\u2013495","journal-title":"Acta Acust United Acust"},{"key":"406_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Plinge A, Gannot S (2016) Multi-microphone speech enhancement informed by auditory scene analysis. In: 2016 IEEE sensor array and multichannel signal processing workshop, pp 1\u20135","DOI":"10.1109\/SAM.2016.7569625"},{"issue":"3","key":"406_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6393(93)90095-3","volume":"12","author":"A Varga","year":"1993","unstructured":"Varga A, Steeneken HJM (1993) Assessment for automatic speech recognition: II. NOISEX-92: a database and an experiment to study the effect of additive noise on speech recognition systems. Speech Commun 12(3):247\u2013251","journal-title":"Speech Commun"},{"key":"406_CR31","unstructured":"Ferrer L, Bratt H, Burget L, Cernocky H, Glembek O, Graciarena M et al (2011) Promoting robustness for speaker modeling in the community: the PRISM evaluation set. In: Proceedings of NIST 2011 workshop, pp 1\u20137"},{"key":"406_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pearce D, Hirsch, HG (2000) The AURORA experimental framework for the performance evaluation of speech recognition systems under noisy conditions. In: 6th international conference of spoken language processing, pp 181\u2013188","DOI":"10.21437\/ICSLP.2000-743"},{"issue":"1","key":"406_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/97.736233","volume":"6","author":"J Sohn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sohn J, Kim NS, Sung W (1999) A statistical model-based voice activity detection. IEEE Signal Process Lett 6(1):1\u20133","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Lett"},{"key":"406_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Ali AKH, Dean D, Senadji B, Baktashmotlagh M, Chandran V (2017) Speaker verification with multi-run ICA based speech enhancement. In: 11th international conference on signal processing and communication systems, pp 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSPCS.2017.8270505"},{"key":"406_CR35","unstructured":"Taddese BT (2006) Sound source localization and separation, Mathematics and Computer Science. Macalester College"},{"issue":"1","key":"406_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2936367","volume":"124","author":"EA Lehmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lehmann EA, Johansson AM (2008) Prediction of energy decay in room impulse responses simulated with an image-source model. J Acoust Soc Am 124(1):269\u2013277","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"406_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2014.2300511","volume":"31","author":"T Adali","year":"2014","unstructured":"Adali T, Anderson M, Fu G-S (2014) Diversity in independent component and vector analyses: identifiability, algorithms, and applications in medical imaging. IEEE Signal Process Mag 31(3):18\u201333","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Mag"},{"key":"406_CR38","unstructured":"Boukouvalas Z, Mowakeaa R, Fu G-S, Adali T (2016) Independent component analysis by entropy maximization with kernels. arXiv preprint, pp 1\u20136"},{"issue":"4","key":"406_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1109\/89.326623","volume":"2","author":"DA Reynolds","year":"1994","unstructured":"Reynolds DA (1994) Experimental evaluation of features for robust speaker identification. IEEE Trans Speech Audio Process 2(4):639\u2013643","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Speech Audio Process"},{"key":"406_CR40","unstructured":"Pelecanos J, Sridharan S (2001) Feature warping for robust speaker verification. In: Proceedings of speaker odyssey-speaker recognition workshop, pp 1\u20136"},{"key":"406_CR41","unstructured":"Tzanetakis G, Essl G, Cook P (2001) Audio analysis using the discrete wavelet transform. In: Proceedings conference in acoustic and music theory applications, pp 1\u20136"},{"issue":"7","key":"406_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1109\/34.192463","volume":"11","author":"SG Mallat","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mallat SG (1989) A theory for multiresolution signal decomposition: the wavelet representation. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 11(7):674\u2013693","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell"},{"key":"406_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2014.01.004","volume":"59","author":"A Kanagasundaram","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kanagasundaram A, Dean D, Sridharan S, Gonzalez-Dominguez J, Gonzalez-Rodriguez J, Ramos D (2014) Improving short utterance i-vector speaker verification using utterance variance modelling and compensation techniques. Speech Commun 59:69\u201382","journal-title":"Speech Commun"},{"key":"406_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dehak N, Dehak R, Kenny P, Br\u00fcmmer N, Ouellet P, Dumouchel P (2009) Support vector machines versus fast scoring in the low dimensional total variability space for speaker verification. In: Proceedings of interspeech, pp 1559\u20131562","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2009-385"},{"issue":"4","key":"406_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2010.2064307","volume":"19","author":"N Dehak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dehak N, Kenny PJ, Dehak R, Dumouchel P, Ouellet P (2011) Front-end factor analysis for speaker verification. IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process 19(4):788\u2013798","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process"},{"issue":"5","key":"406_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2008.925147","volume":"16","author":"P Kenny","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kenny P, Ouellet P, Dehak N, Gupta V, Dumouchel P (2008) A study of interspeaker variability in speaker verification. IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process 16(5):980\u2013988","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Audio Speech Lang Process"},{"key":"406_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McLaren M, van Leeuwen D (2011) Improved speaker recognition when using i-vectors from multiple speech sources. In: IEEE international conference on acoustic, speech and signal processing, pp 5460\u20135463","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2011.5947594"},{"key":"406_CR48","unstructured":"Kenny P (2010) Bayesian speaker verification with heavy-tailed priors. Odyssey speaker and language recognition workshop, pp 1\u201310"},{"key":"406_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Romero D, Espy-Wilson CY (2011) Analysis of i-vector length normalization in speaker recognition systems. In: Proceedings of interspeech, pp 249\u2013252","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2011-53"},{"issue":"4","key":"406_CR50","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"SO Sadjadi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sadjadi SO, Slaney M, Heck L (2013) MSR identity toolbox v1. 0: a MATLAB toolbox for speaker-recognition research. Speech Lang Process Tech Comm Newsl 1(4):1\u201332","journal-title":"Speech Lang Process Tech Comm Newsl"},{"issue":"99","key":"406_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15400","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2728801","volume":"5","author":"AKH Al-Ali","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al-Ali AKH, Dean D, Senadji B, Chandran V, Naik GR (2017) Enhanced forensic speaker verification using a combination of DWT and MFCC feature warping in the presence of noise and reverberation conditions. IEEE Access 5(99):15400\u201315413","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"406_CR52","unstructured":"Al-Ali AKH (2019) Forensic speaker recognition under adverse conditions. PhD Thesis. Queensland University of Technology, Australia"},{"key":"406_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shabtai NR, Zigel Y, Rafaely B (2008) The effect of GMM order and CMS on speaker recognition with reverberant speech. In: Proceedings of hands-free speech communication and microphone arrays, pp 144\u2013147","DOI":"10.1109\/HSCMA.2008.4538707"},{"key":"406_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mandasari MI, McLaren M, van Leeuwen DA (2011) Evaluation of i-vector speaker recognition systems for forensic application. In: Proceedings of interspeech, pp 21\u201324","DOI":"10.21437\/Interspeech.2011-6"},{"issue":"6","key":"406_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2012.2205029","volume":"29","author":"T Yoshioka","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yoshioka T, Sehr A, Delcroix M, Kinoshita K, Maas R, Nakatani T et al (2012) Making machines understand us in reverberant rooms: robustness against reverberation for automatic speech recognition. IEEE Signal Process Mag 29(6):114\u2013126","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Mag"}],"container-title":["Evolutionary Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12065-020-00406-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12065-020-00406-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12065-020-00406-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,23]],"date-time":"2022-10-23T07:54:32Z","timestamp":1666511672000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12065-020-00406-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12065-020-00406-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5909","1864-5917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5909","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-5917","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 April 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}