{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T12:54:08Z","timestamp":1763643248208},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Evol. Intel."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12065-021-00636-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]],"date-time":"2021-07-20T04:02:38Z","timestamp":1626753758000},"page":"2651-2666","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Seeking a balance between population diversity and premature convergence for real-coded genetic algorithms with crossover operator"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Fakhra Batool","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Yousaf","family":"Shad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"636_CR1","unstructured":"Holland J (1975) Adaptation in natural and artificial systems: an introductory analysis with application to biology. Control and Artificial Intelligence. MIT press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"8","key":"636_CR2","first-page":"1959","volume":"26","author":"SR Zheng","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zheng SR, Lai JM, Liu GL, Gang T (2006) Improved real coded hybrid genetic algorithm. Comput Appl 26(8):1959\u20131962","journal-title":"Comput Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"636_CR3","first-page":"390","volume":"33","author":"HH Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu HH, Cui C, Chen J (2013) An improved genetic algorithm for solving travel salesman problem. Trans Beijing Inst Technol 33(4):390\u2013393","journal-title":"Trans Beijing Inst Technol"},{"key":"636_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jingi W, Yang X, Lei C (2012) The application of GA-based PID parameter optimization for the control of superheated steam temperature. In: International conference on machine learning and cybernetics. vol 3,\u00a0pp 835\u2013839","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLC.2012.6359461"},{"key":"636_CR5","volume-title":"Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning","author":"DE Golberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Golberg DE (1989) Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, Boston"},{"issue":"3","key":"636_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1057\/palgrave.jors.2601089","volume":"52","author":"K Deb","year":"2001","unstructured":"Deb K (2001) Nonlinear goal programming using multi-objective genetic algorithms. J Op Res Soc 52(3):291\u2013302","journal-title":"J Op Res Soc"},{"issue":"4598","key":"636_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1126\/science.220.4598.671","volume":"220","author":"S Kirkpatrick","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt CD, Vecchi MP (1983) Optimization by simulated annealing. Sci 220(4598):671\u2013680","journal-title":"Sci"},{"key":"636_CR8","volume-title":"Differential evolution: a practical approach to global optimization","author":"K Price","year":"2006","unstructured":"Price K, Storn RM, Lampinen JA (2006) Differential evolution: a practical approach to global optimization. Springer Science and Business Media, Berlin"},{"key":"636_CR9","volume-title":"Swarm intelligence","author":"RC Eberhart","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eberhart RC, Shi Y, Kennedy J (2001) Swarm intelligence. Elsevier, Netherlands"},{"issue":"1","key":"636_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1162\/evco.1993.1.1.1","volume":"1","author":"T B\u00e4ck","year":"1993","unstructured":"B\u00e4ck T, Schwefel HP (1993) An overview of evolutionary algorithms for parameter optimization. Evol Comput 1(1):1\u201323","journal-title":"Evol Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"636_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAPT.2008.916855","volume":"31","author":"CT Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen CT, Wu CK, Hwang C (2008) Optimal design and control of CPU heat sink processes. IEEE Trans Compon Packag Technol 31(1):184\u2013195","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Compon Packag Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"636_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1109\/TSM.2009.2039186","volume":"23","author":"CT Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen CT, Chuang YC (2010) An intelligent run-to-run control strategy for chemical-mechanical polishing processes. IEEE Trans Semicond Manuf 23(1):109\u2013120","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Semicond Manuf"},{"issue":"9","key":"636_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2011.07.038","volume":"218","author":"JD Dyer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dyer JD, Hartfield RJ, Dozier GV, Burkhalter JE (2012) Aerospace design optimization using a steady state real-coded genetic algorithm. Appl Math Comput 218(9):4710\u20134730","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"636_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2009.2037620","volume":"16","author":"CW Tsai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tsai CW, Lin CL, Huang CH (2010) Microbrushless DC motor control design based on real-coded structural genetic algorithm. IEEE\/ASME Trans Mech 16(1):151\u2013159","journal-title":"IEEE\/ASME Trans Mech"},{"issue":"8","key":"636_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2008.11.006","volume":"33","author":"K Valarmathi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Valarmathi K, Devaraj D, Radhakrishnan TK (2009) Real-coded genetic algorithm for system identification and controller tuning. Appl Math Model 33(8):3392\u20133401","journal-title":"Appl Math Model"},{"key":"636_CR16","volume-title":"Real-coded genetic algorithms, virtual alphabets and blocking","author":"DE Goldberg","year":"1990","unstructured":"Goldberg DE (1990) Real-coded genetic algorithms, virtual alphabets and blocking. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Champaign"},{"key":"636_CR17","unstructured":"Lawrence D (1991) Handbook of genetic algorithms.\u00a0Van Nostrand Reinhold"},{"key":"636_CR18","first-page":"205","volume":"1","author":"AH Wright","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wright AH (1991) Genetic algorithms for real parameter optimization. Found Genet Algorithms 1:205\u2013218","journal-title":"Found Genet Algorithms"},{"key":"636_CR19","unstructured":"Janikow CZ, Michalewicz Z (1991) An experimental comparison of binary and floating point representations in genetic algorithms. ICGA"},{"key":"636_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain A, Muhammad YS (2020) Trade-off between exploration and exploitation with genetic algorithm using a novel selection operator.\u00a0Complex Intell Sys\u00a06(1):1\u201314","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-019-0102-7"},{"key":"636_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eiben AE, Schut MC, de Wilde AR (2006) Is self-adaptation of selection pressure and population size possible?\u2013A case study. In:\u00a0Parallel problem solving from nature-PPSN IX, pp 900\u2013909","DOI":"10.1007\/11844297_91"},{"key":"636_CR22","unstructured":"Michalewicz Z, Logan T, Swaminathan S (1994) Evolutionary operators for continuous convex parameter spaces. In Proceedings of the 3rd annual conference on evolutionary programming, PP 84\u201397"},{"issue":"2","key":"636_CR23","first-page":"183","volume":"5","author":"NJ Radcliffe","year":"1991","unstructured":"Radcliffe NJ (1991) Equivalence class analysis of genetic algorithms. Complex Syst 5(2):183\u2013205","journal-title":"Complex Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"636_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1162\/evco.1993.1.1.25","volume":"1","author":"H M\u00fchlenbein","year":"1993","unstructured":"M\u00fchlenbein H, Schlierkamp-Voosen D (1993) Predictive models for the breeder genetic algorithm in continuous parameter optimization. Evol Comput 1(1):25\u201349","journal-title":"Evol Comput"},{"key":"636_CR25","first-page":"187","volume":"2","author":"LJ Eshelman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Eshelman LJ, Schaffer JD (1993) Real-coded genetic algorithms and interval-schemata. Found Genet Algorithms 2:187\u2013202","journal-title":"Found Genet Algorithms"},{"key":"636_CR26","unstructured":"Michalewicz Z, Janikow CZ (1991) Handling constraints in genetic algorithms. ICGA 151\u2013157"},{"key":"636_CR27","unstructured":"Voigt HM (1992)\u00a0Fuzzy evolutionary algorithms. International Computer Science Institute"},{"key":"636_CR28","unstructured":"Voigt HM, M\u00fchlenbein H, Cvetkovic D (1995) Fuzzy recombination for the breeder genetic algorithm. In:\u00a0Proceedings of\u00a0sixth international conferene on genetic algorithms"},{"key":"636_CR29","unstructured":"Tsutsui S, Yamamura M, Higuchi T (1999) Multi-parent recombination with simplex crossover in real coded genetic algorithms. In: Proceedings of the 1st annual conference on genetic and evolutionary computation, vol 1, pp 657\u2013664"},{"issue":"2","key":"636_CR30","first-page":"115","volume":"9","author":"K Deb","year":"1995","unstructured":"Deb K, Agrawal RB (1995) Simulated binary crossover for continuous search space. Complex Syst 9(2):115\u2013148","journal-title":"Complex Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"636_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2008.10.042","volume":"36","author":"N Tutkun","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tutkun N (2009) Optimization of multimodal continuous functions using a new crossover for the real-coded genetic algorithms. Expert Syst Appl 36(4):8172\u20138177","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"636_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2006.10.047","volume":"188","author":"K Deep","year":"2007","unstructured":"Deep K, Thakur M (2007) A new crossover operator for real coded genetic algorithms. Appl Math Comput 188(1):895\u2013911","journal-title":"Appl Math Comput"},{"key":"636_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ono I, Kita H, Kobayashi S (2003) A real-coded genetic algorithm using the unimodal normal distribution crossover. In:\u00a0Advances in evolutionary computing, pp 213\u2013237","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-18965-4_8"},{"key":"636_CR34","unstructured":"Ono I, Kita H, Kobayashi S (1999) A robust real-coded genetic algorithm using unimodal normal distribution crossover augmented by uniform crossover: Effects of self-adaptation of crossover probabilities. In: Proceedings of the 1st annual conference on genetic and evolutionary computation. vol 1, pp 496\u2013503"},{"issue":"4","key":"636_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1162\/106365602760972767","volume":"10","author":"K Deb","year":"2002","unstructured":"Deb K, Anand A, Joshi D (2002) A computationally efficient evolutionary algorithm for real-parameter optimization. Evol Comput 10(4):371\u2013395","journal-title":"Evol Comput"},{"key":"636_CR36","first-page":"514","volume":"1","author":"A Sinha","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sinha A, Tiwari S, Deb K (2005) A population-based, steady-state procedure for real-parameter optimization. IEEE Congr Evol Comput 1:514\u2013521","journal-title":"IEEE Congr Evol Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"636_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-006-0049-7","volume":"11","author":"SH Ling","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ling SH, Leung FH (2007) An improved genetic algorithm with average-bound crossover and wavelet mutation operations. Soft Comput 11(1):7\u201331","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"issue":"3","key":"636_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1002\/int.10091","volume":"18","author":"F Herrera","year":"2003","unstructured":"Herrera F, Lozano M, Sanchez AM (2003) A taxonomy for the crossover operator for real-coded genetic algorithms: An experimental study. Int J Intell Syst 18(3):309\u2013338","journal-title":"Int J Intell Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"636_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0363(19990530)30:2<149::AID-FLD829>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"30","author":"RA M\u00e4kinen","year":"1999","unstructured":"M\u00e4kinen RA, P\u00e9riaux J, Toivanen J (1999) Multidisciplinary shape optimization in aerodynamics and electromagnetics using genetic algorithms. Int J Numer Methods Fluids 30(2):149\u2013159","journal-title":"Int J Numer Methods Fluids"},{"issue":"4","key":"636_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026065325419","volume":"27","author":"K Miettinen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Miettinen K, M\u00e4kel\u00e4 MM, Toivanen J (2003) Numerical comparison of some penalty-based constraint handling techniques in genetic algorithms. J Global Optim 27(4):427\u2013446","journal-title":"J Global Optim"},{"key":"636_CR41","volume-title":"Genetic algorithms+ data structures= evolution programs","author":"Z Michalewicz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Michalewicz Z (2013) Genetic algorithms+ data structures= evolution programs. Springer Science and Business Media, Berlin"},{"key":"636_CR42","unstructured":"Michalewicz Z (1995) Genetic algorithms, numerical optimization, and constraints. In: Proceedings of the sixth international conference on genetic algorithms. vol 195, pp 151\u2013158"},{"key":"636_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2017.05.054","volume":"275","author":"MZ Ali","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ali MZ, Awad NH, Suganthan PN, Shatnawi AM, Reynolds RG (2018) An improved class of real-coded Genetic Algorithms for numerical optimization. Neurocomput 275:155\u2013166","journal-title":"Neurocomput"},{"issue":"9","key":"636_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1080\/17415977.2016.1259315","volume":"25","author":"YF Jin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jin YF, Yin ZY, Shen SL, Zhang DM (2017) A new hybrid real-coded genetic algorithm and its application to parameters identification of soils. Inverse Probl Sci Eng 25(9):1343\u20131366","journal-title":"Inverse Probl Sci Eng"},{"issue":"3","key":"636_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesit.2018.03.002","volume":"5","author":"JK Pattanaik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pattanaik JK, Basu M, Dash DP (2018) Improved real coded genetic algorithm for dynamic economic dispatch. J Electr Syst Inf Technol 5(3):349\u2013362","journal-title":"J Electr Syst Inf Technol"},{"key":"636_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2013.09.013","volume":"27","author":"SM Elsayed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Elsayed SM, Sarker RA, Essam DL (2014) A new genetic algorithm for solving optimization problems. Eng Appl Artif Intell 27:57\u201369","journal-title":"Eng Appl Artif Intell"},{"issue":"7","key":"636_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-013-0990-1","volume":"17","author":"A Al-Naqi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al-Naqi A, Erdogan AT, Arslan T (2013) Adaptive three-dimensional cellular genetic algorithm for balancing exploration and exploitation processes. Soft Comput 17(7):1145\u20131157","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"636_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmad I, Almanjahie IM (2020) A novel parent centric crossover with the log-logistic probabilistic approach using multimodal test problems for real-coded genetic algorithms.\u00a0Math Probl Eng 2020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/2874528","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2874528"},{"key":"636_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang J, Cheng Z, Ersoy OK, Zhang P, Dai W, Dong Z (2018) Improvement analysis and application of real-coded genetic algorithm for solving constrained optimization problems.\u00a0Math Probl Eng 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2018\/5760841","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/5760841"},{"key":"636_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2015.01.026","volume":"305","author":"YC Chuang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chuang YC, Chen CT, Hwang C (2015) A real-coded genetic algorithm with a direction-based crossover operator. Inf Sci 305:320\u2013348","journal-title":"Inf Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"636_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-018-1364-2","volume":"49","author":"AK Das","year":"2019","unstructured":"Das AK, Pratihar DK (2019) A directional crossover (DX) operator for real parameter optimization using genetic algorithm. Appl Intell 49(5):1841\u20131865","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"key":"636_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Das AK, Pratihar DK (2020) A direction-based exponential crossover operator for real-coded genetic algorithm.\u00a0 In: Singh B, Roy A, Maiti D (eds) Recent advances in theoretical, applied, computational and experimental mechanics. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1189-9_25"},{"key":"636_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2015.09.036","volume":"38","author":"YC Chuang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chuang YC, Chen CT, Hwang C (2016) A simple and efficient real-coded genetic algorithm for constrained optimization. Appl Soft Comput 38:87\u2013105","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"issue":"17","key":"636_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17955","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-016-3493-0","volume":"76","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Cai Y, Cheng D (2017) A novel local exploitation scheme for conditionally breeding real-coded genetic algorithm. Multimed Tools Appl 76(17):17955\u201317969","journal-title":"Multimed Tools Appl"},{"issue":"1","key":"636_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0263574714001362","volume":"34","author":"L Rolland","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rolland L, Chandra R (2016) The forward kinematics of the 6\u20136 parallel manipulator using an evolutionary algorithm based on generalized generation gap with parent-centric crossover. Robotica 34(1):1","journal-title":"Robotica"},{"issue":"4","key":"636_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2012.11.003","volume":"13","author":"CC Da Ronco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Da Ronco CC, Benini E (2013) A simplex crossover based evolutionary algorithm including the genetic diversity as objective. Appl Soft Comput 13(4):2104\u20132123","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"636_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1080\/00949655.2020.1832093","volume":"91","author":"FB Naqvi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naqvi FB, Yousaf Shad M, Khan S (2021) A new logistic distribution based crossover operator for real-coded genetic algorithm. J Stat Comput Simul 91(4):817\u2013835","journal-title":"J Stat Comput Simul"}],"container-title":["Evolutionary Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12065-021-00636-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12065-021-00636-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12065-021-00636-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,6]],"date-time":"2023-11-06T07:10:04Z","timestamp":1699254604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12065-021-00636-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12065-021-00636-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1864-5909","1864-5917"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1864-5909","type":"print"},{"value":"1864-5917","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 November 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 March 2021","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2021","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2021","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}