{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T18:00:29Z","timestamp":1778436029386,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62171051"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62171051"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-022-01348-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T07:03:06Z","timestamp":1664434986000},"page":"170-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Deep reinforcement learning-based task scheduling and resource allocation for NOMA-MEC in Industrial Internet of Things"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Lixia","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9242-5537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wen\u2019an","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhicheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianlong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1348_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3009103","volume":"22","author":"T Qiu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qiu T, Chi J, Zhou X, Ning Z, Atiquzzaman M, Wu DO (2020) Edge computing in industrial Internet of Things: Architecture, advances and challenges. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 22(4):2462\u20132488","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"key":"1348_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55162","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2872799","volume":"6","author":"PK Illa","year":"2018","unstructured":"Illa PK, Padhi N (2018) Practical guide to smart factory transition using IoT, big data and edge analytics. IEEE Access 6:55162\u201355170","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"11","key":"1348_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"11","author":"YC Hu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu YC, Patel M, Sabella D, Sprecher N, Young V (2015) Mobile edge computing - a key technology towards 5G. ETSI White Paper 11(11):1\u201316","journal-title":"ETSI white paper"},{"issue":"1","key":"1348_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2881191","volume":"68","author":"TX Tran","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tran TX, Pompili D (2019) Joint task offloading and resource allocation for multi-server mobile-edge computing networks. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 68(1):856\u2013868","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"1348_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-018-0695-4","volume":"12","author":"M Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao M, Wang W, Wang Y, Zhang Z (2019) Load scheduling for distributed edge computing: A communication-computation tradeoff. Peer Peer Netw Appl 12:1418\u20131432","journal-title":"Peer Peer Netw Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"1348_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2020.3003036","volume":"6","author":"M Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li M, Gao J, Zhao L, Shen X (2020) Deep reinforcement learning for collaborative edge computing in vehicular networks. IEEE Trans Cognit Commun Netw 6(4):1122\u20131135","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cognit Commun Netw"},{"key":"1348_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-021-01081-x","volume":"14","author":"C Bu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bu C, Wang J (2021) Computing tasks assignment optimization among edge computing servers via SDN. Peer Peer Netw Appl 14:1190\u20131206","journal-title":"Peer Peer Netw Appl"},{"key":"1348_CR8","unstructured":"Tan L, Kuang Z, Zhao L, Liu A (2021) Energy-efficient joint task offloading and resource allocation in OFDMA-based collaborative edge computing. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun Early Access 1\u201314"},{"issue":"10","key":"1348_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2725519","volume":"35","author":"Z Ding","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ding Z, Lei X, Karagiannidis GK, Schober R, Yuan J, Bhargava VK (2017) A survey on non-orthogonal multiple access for 5G networks: Research challenges and future trends. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 35(10):2181\u20132195","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1348_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2018.2870894","volume":"67","author":"Z Ding","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ding Z, Fan P, Poor HV (2019) Impact of non-orthogonal multiple access on the offloading of mobile edge computing. IEEE Trans Commun 67(1):375\u2013390","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"1348_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.3013514","volume":"22","author":"O Maraqa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Maraqa O, Rajasekaran AS, Al-Ahmadi S, Yanikomeroglu H, Sait SM (2020) A survey of rate-optimal power domain NOMA with enabling technologies of future wireless networks. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 22(4):2192\u20132235","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"key":"1348_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.107950","volume":"190","author":"A Akbar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akbar A, Jangsher S, Bhatti FA (2021) NOMA and 5G emerging technologies: A survey on issues and solution techniques. Comput Netw 190:107950","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"issue":"2","key":"1348_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2796542","volume":"5","author":"A Kiani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kiani A, Ansari N (2018) Edge computing aware NOMA for 5G networks. IEEE Internet Things J 5(2):1299\u20131306","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"1348_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108352","volume":"198","author":"R Roostaei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roostaei R, Dabiri Z, Movahedi Z (2021) A game-theoretic joint optimal pricing and resource allocation for Mobile Edge Computing in NOMA-based 5G networks and beyond. Comput Netw 198:108352","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"issue":"7","key":"1348_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4964","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.2988532","volume":"19","author":"J Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu J, Wang J, Huang Y, Fang F, Navaie K, Ding Z (2020) Resource allocation for hybrid NOMA MEC offloading. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 19(7):4964\u20134977","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wirel Commun"},{"key":"1348_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hossain M, Ansari N (2022) Network slicing for NOMA-enabled edge computing. IEEE Trans Cloud Comput Early Access","DOI":"10.1109\/TCC.2021.3117754"},{"issue":"1","key":"1348_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2021.3064919","volume":"16","author":"L Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu L, Sun B, Tan X, Tsang D (2022) Energy-efficient resource allocation and subchannel assignment for NOMA-enabled multiaccess edge computing. IEEE Syst J 16(1):1558\u20131569","journal-title":"IEEE Syst J"},{"issue":"12","key":"1348_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7867","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3020068","volume":"68","author":"F Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang F, Xu Y, Ding Z, Shen C, Peng M, Karagiannidis GK (2020) Optimal resource allocation for delay minimization in NOMA-MEC Networks. IEEE Trans Commun 68(12):7867\u20137881","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"1348_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3049356","volume":"69","author":"K Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang K, Ding Z, So DKC, Karagiannidis GK (2021) Stackelberg game of energy consumption and latency in MEC systems with NOMA. IEEE Trans Commun 69(4):2191\u20132206","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"issue":"13","key":"1348_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10731","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3048937","volume":"8","author":"L Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi L, Ye Y, Chu X, Lu G (2021) Computation energy efficiency maximization for a NOMA-based WPT-MEC network. IEEE Internet Things J 8(13):10731\u201310744","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1348_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5724","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2021.3076782","volume":"15","author":"I Budhiraja","year":"2021","unstructured":"Budhiraja I, Kumar N, Tyagi S, Tanwar S (2021) Energy consumption minimization scheme for NOMA-based mobile edge computation networks underlaying UAV. IEEE Syst J 15(4):5724\u20135733","journal-title":"IEEE Syst J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1348_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3049862","volume":"70","author":"L Qian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qian L, Wu Y, Yu N, Jiang F (2021) Learning driven NOMA assisted vehicular edge computing via underlay spectrum sharing. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 70(1):977\u2013992","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1348_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2802","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3020542","volume":"8","author":"C Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li C, Wang H, Song R (2021) Intelligent offloading for NOMA-assisted MEC via dual connectivity. IEEE Internet Things J 8(4):2802\u20132813","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"9","key":"1348_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5898","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3070974","volume":"20","author":"Z Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang Z, Liu Y, Lok T, Huang K (2021) Multi-cell mobile edge computing: Joint service migration and resource allocation. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun 20(9):5898\u20135912","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Wirel Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"1348_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.311.2000511","volume":"28","author":"F Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo F, Lu H, Li B, Li D, Chen CW (2021) NOMA-assisted multi-MEC offloading for IoVT networks. IEEE Wirel Commun 28(4):26\u201333","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel Commun"},{"key":"1348_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108256","volume":"196","author":"Z Wan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wan Z, Xu D, Xu D, Ahmad I (2021) Joint computation offloading and resource allocation for NOMA-based multi-access mobile edge computing systems. Comput Netw 196:108256","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"key":"1348_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai P, He Q, Cui G, Chen F (2022) Cost-effective user allocation in 5G NOMA-based mobile edge computing systems. IEEE Trans Mob Comput Early Access","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2021.3077470"},{"key":"1348_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yilmaz S, \u00d6zbek B (2022) Multi-helper NOMA for cooperative mobile edge computing. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst Early Access","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3116421"},{"issue":"5","key":"1348_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3436","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3058964","volume":"69","author":"F Fang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fang F, Wang W, Ding Z, Leung VCM (2021) Energy-efficient resource allocation for NOMA-MEC networks with imperfect CSI. IEEE Trans Commun 69(5):3436\u20133449","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1348_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2021.3076582","volume":"5","author":"H Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu H, Zhou Z, Jia Z, Zhao X (2021) Multi-timescale multi-dimension resource allocation for NOMA-edge computing-based power IoT with massive connectivity. IEEE Trans Green Commun Netw 5(3):1101\u20131113","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Green Commun Netw"},{"key":"1348_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen X, Bi Y, Chen X, Zhao H (2022) Dynamic service migration and request routing for microservice in multi-cell mobile edge computing. IEEE Internet Things J Early Access","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3140183"},{"issue":"17","key":"1348_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13196","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3064995","volume":"8","author":"VD Tuong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tuong VD, Truong TP, Nguyen T, Noh W, Cho S (2021) Partial computation offloading in NOMA-assisted mobile-edge computing systems using deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Internet Things J 8(17):13196\u201313208","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"1","key":"1348_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2021.3093436","volume":"8","author":"Z Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Z, Zhang L, Pei Y, Jiang C (2022) NOMA-based multi-user mobile edge computation offloading via cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Trans Cognit Commun Netw 8(1):350\u2013364","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cognit Commun Netw"},{"key":"1348_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu H, Wu Q, Wu X, Fan Q (2021) Decentralized power allocation for MIMO-NOMA vehicular edge computing based on deep reinforcement learning. IEEE Internet Things J Early Access","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3138434"},{"key":"1348_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.108834","volume":"207","author":"M Nduwayezu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nduwayezu M, Yun J (2022) Latency and energy aware rate maximization in MC-NOMA-based multi-access edge computing: A two-stage deep reinforcement learning approach. Comput Netw 207:108834","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"issue":"5","key":"1348_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.2980908","volume":"38","author":"K Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang K, Zhou Y, Liu Z, Shao Z, Luo X, Yang Y (2020) Online task scheduling and resource allocation for intelligent NOMA-based industrial Internet of Things. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 38(5):803\u2013815","journal-title":"IEEE J Sel Areas Commun"},{"key":"1348_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tuong VD, Noh W, Cho S (2021) Delay minimization for NOMA-enabled mobile edge computing in industrial Internet of Things. IEEE Trans Ind Inf Early Access 1\u201310","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3117968"},{"issue":"8","key":"1348_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5688","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.3001355","volume":"17","author":"L Qian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qian L, Wu Y, Jiang F, Yu N, Lu W, Lin B (2021) NOMA assisted multi-task multi-access mobile edge computing via deep reinforcement learning for industrial Internet of Things. IEEE Trans Industr Inf 17(8):5688\u20135698","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Inf"},{"issue":"4","key":"1348_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2416","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2020.2978856","volume":"7","author":"H Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng H, Shen X (2020) Deep reinforcement learning based resource management for multi-access edge computing in vehicular networks. IEEE Trans Netw Sci Eng 7(4):2416\u20132428","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Netw Sci Eng"},{"key":"1348_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang M, Wong V (2020) Deep reinforcement learning for task offloading in mobile edge computing systems. IEEE Tran Mob Comput Early Access 1\u201312","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCWorkshops49005.2020.9145133"},{"issue":"5","key":"1348_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2019.1800309","volume":"33","author":"Z Ning","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ning Z, Huang J, Wang X, Rodrigues J, Guo L (2019) Mobile edge computing-enabled internet of vehicles: Toward energy-efficient scheduling. IEEE Network 33(5):198\u2013205","journal-title":"IEEE Network"},{"issue":"10","key":"1348_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8210","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3044057","volume":"8","author":"F Liang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liang F, Yu W, Liu X, Griffith D, Golmie N (2021) Toward computing resource reservation scheduling in industrial Internet of Things. IEEE Internet Things J 8(10):8210\u20138222","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1348_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3009540","volume":"8","author":"J Baek","year":"2021","unstructured":"Baek J, Kaddoum G (2021) Heterogeneous task offloading and resource allocations via deep recurrent reinforcement learning in partial observable multifog networks. IEEE Internet Things J 8(2):1041\u20131056","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"1348_CR44","unstructured":"Kapetanakis S, Kudenko D (2002) Reinforcement learning of coordination in cooperative multi-agent systems. Proc Natl Conf Artif Intell Conf Innov Appl Artif Intell (AAAI\/IAAI), Menlo Park, CA, USA, pp:326\u2013331"},{"issue":"5","key":"1348_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5203","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2980861","volume":"69","author":"S Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang S, Lv T, Zhang X, Lin Z, Huang P (2020) Learning-based multi-channel access in 5G and beyond networks with fast time-varying channels. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 69(5):5203\u20135218","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1348_CR46","first-page":"1735","volume":"9","author":"S Hochreiter","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hochreiter S, Schmidhuber J (1997) Long short-term memory. Neural. Computing 9(8):1735\u20131780","journal-title":"Computing"},{"key":"1348_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14236","volume":"518","author":"V Mnih","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mnih V, Kavukcuoglu K, Silver D, Rusu A, Veness J, Bellemare M (2015) Human-level control through deep reinforcement learning. Nature 518:529\u2013533","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"1348_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2018.1700101","volume":"32","author":"X Lyu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lyu X, Tian H, Jiang L, Vinel A, Maharjan S, Gjessing S, Zhang Y (2018) Selective offloading in mobile edge computing for the green Internet of Things. IEEE Network 32(1):54\u201360","journal-title":"IEEE Network"}],"container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-022-01348-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12083-022-01348-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-022-01348-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T04:56:56Z","timestamp":1679374616000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12083-022-01348-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12083-022-01348-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-6442","1936-6450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-6442","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-6450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 December 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}