{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T06:55:04Z","timestamp":1776236104357,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-025-01929-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T05:49:50Z","timestamp":1746769790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Blockchain technology for digital twin security in smart grids using interpretable generalized additive neural networks"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Ravi Kumar","family":"Suggala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jaydip","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Prateek","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Boddepalli Kiran","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"1929_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-023-09501-1","volume":"28","author":"NK Dewangan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dewangan NK, Chandrakar P (2024) Implementing blockchain and deep learning in the development of an educational digital twin. Soft Comput 28(9):6619\u20136636","journal-title":"Soft Comput"},{"key":"1929_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudarmozhi K, Iranian D, Alhazmi H, Reddy GS, Chandulal A, Khan I, Khuthaylah MA, Singh A (2024) Significance of heat generation in MHD channel flow of a maxwell fluid with heat suction and blowing effects. Case Stud Therm Eng 55:104134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2024.104134"},{"key":"1929_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sudarmozhi K, Iranian D, Khan I, Al-Otaibi S (2024) Effects of porous medium in MHD flow of Maxwell fluid with Soret\/Dufour impacts. J Porous Media 27(4)","DOI":"10.1615\/JPorMedia.2023048112"},{"key":"1929_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shobha A, Mageswari M, Alqahtani AM, Arulmozhi A, Rao MG, Sudarmozhi K, Khan I (2024) Suction effect on porous shrinking cylinder in MHD casson fluid with the impact of heat generation and radiation. J Porous Media 27(7)","DOI":"10.1615\/JPorMedia.2024050282"},{"issue":"13","key":"1929_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14808","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-023-05259-3","volume":"79","author":"NK Dewangan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dewangan NK, Chandrakar P (2023) TempChain: a blockchain scheme for telehealth data sharing between two blockchains using property mapping function. J Supercomput 79(13):14808\u201314826","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"key":"1929_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gong Y, Yao H, Xiong Z, Chen CP, Niyato D (2024) Blockchain-aided digital twin offloading mechanism in space-air-ground networks. IEEE Trans Mob Comput","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3455417"},{"issue":"7","key":"1929_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5000","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3119685","volume":"18","author":"SA Chaudhry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaudhry SA, Nebhan J, Yahya K, Al-Turjman F (2021) A privacy enhanced authentication scheme for securing smart grid infrastructure. IEEE Trans Industr Inf 18(7):5000\u20135006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Inf"},{"key":"1929_CR8","first-page":"102248","volume":"52","author":"A Badshah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Badshah A, Waqas M, Abbas G, Muhammad F, Abbas ZH, Vimal S, Bilal M (2022) LAKE-BSG: Lightweight authenticated key exchange scheme for blockchain-enabled smart grids. Sustain Energy Technol Assess 52:102248","journal-title":"Sustain Energy Technol Assess"},{"issue":"6","key":"1929_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4097","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3119963","volume":"18","author":"X Hao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hao X, Ren W, Choo KKR, Xiong NN (2021) A self-trading and authenticated roaming scheme based on blockchain for smart grids. IEEE Trans Industr Inf 18(6):4097\u20134106","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Inf"},{"issue":"5","key":"1929_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4426","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2021.3072244","volume":"12","author":"HMS Badar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Badar HMS, Qadri S, Shamshad S, Ayub MF, Mahmood K, Kumar N (2021) An identity based authentication protocol for smart grid environment using physical uncloneable function. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid 12(5):4426\u20134434","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid"},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9065768","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9065768","volume":"2022","author":"MK Hasan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hasan MK, Alkhalifah A, Islam S, Babiker NB, Habib AA, Aman AHM, Hossain MA (2022) Blockchain technology on smart grid, energy trading, and big data: security issues, challenges, and recommendations. Wirel Commun Mob Comput 2022(1):9065768","journal-title":"Wirel Commun Mob Comput"},{"key":"1929_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59848","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3071431","volume":"9","author":"R Khalid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khalid R, Samuel O, Javaid N, Aldegheishem A, Shafiq M, Alrajeh N (2021) A secure trust method for multi-agent system in smart grids using blockchain. IEEE Access 9:59848\u201359859","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"1929_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2021.107630","volume":"203","author":"X Xiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xiang X, Cao J (2022) An efficient authenticated key agreement scheme supporting privacy-preservation for smart grid communication. Electric Power Systems Res 203:107630","journal-title":"Electric Power Systems Res"},{"key":"1929_CR14","unstructured":"Ali ME, Cheema MA, Hashem T, Ulhaq A Babar MA (2023) Enabling spatial digital twins: technologies, challenges, and future research directions (pp 1\u201318).\u00a0arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.06600"},{"key":"1929_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kumar C, Chittora P (2024) Deep-learning and blockchain-empowered secure data sharing for smart grid infrastructure. Arab J Sci Eng\u00a049(12):16155\u201316168","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-024-08882-1"},{"issue":"8","key":"1929_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6224","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3113321","volume":"9","author":"C Feng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Feng C, Liu B, Guo Z, Yu K, Qin Z, Choo KKR (2021) Blockchain-based cross-domain authentication for intelligent 5 G-enabled internets of drones. IEEE Internet Things J 9(8):6224\u20136238","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"9","key":"1929_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8233","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-021-05446-5","volume":"46","author":"O Naseer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Naseer O, Ullah S, Anjum L (2021) Blockchain-based decentralized lightweight control access scheme for smart grids. Arab J Sci Eng 46(9):8233\u20138243","journal-title":"Arab J Sci Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"1929_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2019091","volume":"16","author":"Y Ren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ren Y, Leng Y, Cheng Y, Wang J (2019) Secure data storage based on blockchain and coding in edge computing. Math Biosci Eng 16(4):1874\u20131892","journal-title":"Math Biosci Eng"},{"issue":"1","key":"1929_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-08406-2","volume":"127","author":"G Vasukidevi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vasukidevi G, Sethukarasi T (2022) BBSSE: Blockchain-based safe storage, secure sharing and energy scheme for smart grid network. Wireless Pers Commun 127(1):793\u2013814","journal-title":"Wireless Pers Commun"},{"issue":"23","key":"1929_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17120","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3078175","volume":"8","author":"L Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhu Y, Ren W, Wang Y, Choo KKR, Xiong NN (2021) An energy-efficient authentication scheme based on Chebyshev chaotic map for smart grid environments. IEEE Internet Things J 8(23):17120\u201317130","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"1929_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8042","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2021.08.125","volume":"7","author":"T Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen T, Yin X, Wang G (2021) Securing communications between smart grids and real users; providing a methodology based on user authentication. Energy Rep 7:8042\u20138050","journal-title":"Energy Rep"},{"key":"1929_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Almasabi S, Shaf A, Ali T, Zafar M, Irfan M Alsuwian T (2024) Securing smart grid data with blockchain and wireless sensor networks: a collaborative approach.\u00a0IEEE Access 12:19181\u201319198","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3361752"},{"key":"1929_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2020.09.019","volume":"115","author":"Y Ren","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren Y, Leng Y, Qi J, Sharma PK, Wang J, Almakhadmeh Z, Tolba A (2021) Multiple cloud storage mechanism based on blockchain in smart homes. Futur Gener Comput Syst 115:304\u2013313","journal-title":"Futur Gener Comput Syst"},{"key":"1929_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solener.2023.111921","volume":"263","author":"P Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar P, Kumar R, Aljuhani A, Javeed D, Jolfaei A, Islam AN (2023) Digital twin-driven SDN for smart grid: A deep learning integrated blockchain for cybersecurity. Sol Energy 263:111921","journal-title":"Sol Energy"},{"issue":"8","key":"1929_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5178","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3068092","volume":"22","author":"K Kaur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaur K, Kaddoum G, Zeadally S (2021) Blockchain-based cyber-physical security for electrical vehicle aided smart grid ecosystem. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 22(8):5178\u20135189","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"1929_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.121128","volume":"342","author":"W Hua","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hua W, Stephen B, Wallom DC (2023) Digital twin based reinforcement learning for extracting network structures and load patterns in planning and operation of distribution systems. Appl Energy 342:121128","journal-title":"Appl Energy"},{"key":"1929_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clet.2022.100481","volume":"8","author":"V Dehalwar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dehalwar V, Kolhe ML, Deoli S, Jhariya MK (2022) Blockchain-based trust management and authentication of devices in smart grid. Cleaner Eng Technol 8:100481","journal-title":"Cleaner Eng Technol"},{"key":"1929_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2023.103296","volume":"57","author":"G Sharma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sharma G, Joshi AM, Mohanty SP (2023) sTrade: Blockchain based secure energy trading using vehicle-to-grid mutual authentication in smart transportation. Sustain Energy Technol Assessments. 57:103296","journal-title":"Sustain Energy Technol Assessments."},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2020.01.002","volume":"34","author":"AAG Agung","year":"2022","unstructured":"Agung AAG, Handayani R (2022) Blockchain for smart grid. J King Saud University-Computer Inform Sci 34(3):666\u2013675","journal-title":"J King Saud University-Computer Inform Sci"},{"key":"1929_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103708","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csi.2022.103708","volume":"85","author":"YN Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao YN, Wang Y, Ding Y, Guo Z, Wu Q, Liang H (2023) Blockchain-empowered security and privacy protection technologies for smart grid. Computer Standards Interfaces 85:103708","journal-title":"Computer Standards Interfaces"},{"key":"1929_CR31","unstructured":"Kashif M. N-BaIoT Dataset. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/datasets\/mkashifn\/nbaiot-dataset. Accessed 10 Apr 2025"},{"key":"1929_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu W, Zhao H, Lv S (2024) Constrained normalized subband adaptive filter algorithm and its performance analysis.\u00a0Circuits Syst Signal Process 43(7):4605\u20134623","DOI":"10.1007\/s00034-024-02685-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"1929_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2023.3234862","volume":"20","author":"N Weerasinghe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weerasinghe N, Mishra R, Porambage P, Liyanage M, Ylianttila M (2023) Proof-of-monitoring (pom): A novel consensus mechanism for blockchain-based secure service level agreement management. IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manage 20(3):2783\u20132803","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Netw Serv Manage"},{"issue":"2","key":"1929_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.06.032","volume":"317","author":"M Kraus","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kraus M, Tschernutter D, Weinzierl S, Zschech P (2024) Interpretable generalized additive neural networks. Eur J Oper Res 317(2):303\u2013316","journal-title":"Eur J Oper Res"},{"key":"1929_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fang N, Cao Q (2024) Leaf in Wind Optimization: A New Metaheuristic Algorithm for Solving Optimization Problems.\u00a0IEEE Access.","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3390670"},{"key":"1929_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu Y (2024) Optimized multiscale deep bidirectional gated recurrent neural network fostered practical teaching of university music course. J Intell Fuzzy Systems, (Preprint), pp 1\u201314","DOI":"10.3233\/JIFS-236893"}],"container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-025-01929-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12083-025-01929-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-025-01929-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T15:21:17Z","timestamp":1758986477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12083-025-01929-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12083-025-01929-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-6442","1936-6450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-6442","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-6450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 February 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None of the authors of this article have conducted any research involving human subjects.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval and Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not relevant.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not relevant.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest\/Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not relevant.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Ethics"}},{"value":"Not relevant.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Materials and Methods"}},{"value":"Not relevant.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Results and Discussions"}}],"article-number":"172"}}