{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T00:12:39Z","timestamp":1760746359375,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752883200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-025-02076-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]],"date-time":"2025-07-19T13:59:52Z","timestamp":1752933592000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi-objective M-Lion optimization for energy proficient multi-path approach for scalable WSNs"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Omkar","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vinay","family":"Rishiwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mano","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2076_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"2022","author":"V Rishiwal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rishiwal V, Singh O, Yadav M (2022) ECMR: energy constrained mobile routing for wireless sensor networks. Wirel Pers Commun 2022:1\u201326","journal-title":"Wirel Pers Commun"},{"key":"2076_CR2","first-page":"106","volume":"94","author":"X Hao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hao X, Yao N, Wang L, Wang J (2020) Joint resource allocation algorithm based on multi-objective optimization for wireless sensor networks. Appl Soft Comput 94:106\u2013147","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"issue":"4","key":"2076_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2010.09.001","volume":"9","author":"D Kandris","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kandris D, Tsagkaropoulos M, Politis I, Tzes A, Kotsopoulos S (2011) Energy-efficient and perceived QoS aware video routing over wireless multimedia sensor networks. Ad Hoc Netw 9(4):591\u2013607","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"key":"2076_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-019-01449-1","volume":"11","author":"V Srivastava","year":"2020","unstructured":"Srivastava V, Tripathi S, Singh K, Son LH (2020) Energy efficient optimized rate-based congestion control routing in wireless sensor network. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput 11:1325\u20131338","journal-title":"J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput"},{"issue":"5","key":"2076_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2010.10.008","volume":"9","author":"S Kajioka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kajioka S, Wakamiya N, Satoh H, Monden K, Hayashi M, Matsui S, Murata M (2011) A QoS-aware routing mechanism for multi-channel multi-interface ad-hoc networks. Ad Hoc Netw 9(5):911\u2013927","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"key":"2076_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2016.10.015","volume":"52","author":"T Revathi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Revathi T, Muneeswaran K (2017) Multi-constraint multi-objective QoS aware routing heuristics for query driven sensor networks using fuzzy soft sets. Appl Soft Comput 52:532\u2013548","journal-title":"Appl Soft Comput"},{"issue":"17","key":"2076_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2010.05.014","volume":"54","author":"L Cobo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cobo L, Quintero A, Pierre S (2010) Ant-based routing for wireless multimedia sensor networks using multiple QoS metrics. Comput Netw 54(17):2991\u20133010","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"key":"2076_CR8","first-page":"100406","volume":"28","author":"D Mehta","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mehta D, Saxena S (2020) MCH-EOR: multi-objective cluster head based energy-aware optimized routing algorithm in wireless sensor networks. Sustain Comput: Inform Syst 28:100406","journal-title":"Sustain Comput: Inform Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"2076_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2012.11.003","volume":"36","author":"Y Peng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Peng Y, Yu Y, Guo L, Jiang D, Gai Q (2013) An efficient joint channel assignment and QoS routing protocol for IEEE 802.11 multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks. J Netw Comput Appl 36(2):843\u2013857","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"key":"2076_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnca.2016.08.008","volume":"74","author":"M Sepulcre","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sepulcre M, Gozalvez J, Coll-Perales B (2016) Multipath QoS-driven routing protocol for industrial wireless networks. J Netw Comput Appl 74:121\u2013132","journal-title":"J Netw Comput Appl"},{"issue":"5","key":"2076_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S1007-0214(11)70067-0","volume":"16","author":"M Radi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Radi M, Dezfouli B, Bakar KA, AbdRazak S, Nematbakhsh MA (2011) Interference-aware multi-path routing protocol for QoS improvement in event-driven wireless sensor networks. Tsinghua Sci Technol 16(5):475\u2013490","journal-title":"Tsinghua Sci Technol"},{"key":"2076_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-020-01523-5","volume":"25","author":"M Shafiq","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shafiq M, Ashraf H, Ullah A, Tahira S (2020) Systematic literature review on energy efficient routing schemes in WSN \u2013 a survey. Mob Netw Appl 25:882\u2013895","journal-title":"Mob Netw Appl"},{"issue":"2","key":"2076_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1109\/SURV.2011.020211.00058","volume":"14","author":"S Ehsan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ehsan S, Hamdaoui B (2012) A survey on energy-efficient routing techniques with QoS assurances for wireless multimedia sensor networks. IEEE Comm Surv Tutorials 14(2):265\u2013278","journal-title":"IEEE Comm Surv Tutorials"},{"key":"2076_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2015.08.003","volume":"96","author":"SL Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang SL, Luo M (2016) Jointly optimized QoS-aware virtualization and routing in software defined network\u2019s. Comput Netw 96:69\u201378","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"key":"2076_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2015.08.022","volume":"37","author":"D Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen D (2016) An energy-efficient QoS routing for wireless sensor networks using self-stabilizing algorithm. Ad Hoc Netw 37:240\u2013255","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"key":"2076_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2013.02.005","volume":"22","author":"M Hammoudeha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hammoudeha M, Newman R (2015) Adaptive routing in wireless sensor networks: QoS optimisation for enhanced application performance. Inform Fusion 22:3\u201315","journal-title":"Inform Fusion"},{"key":"2076_CR17","first-page":"1","volume":"2022","author":"S Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang S, Long X, Peng H et al (2022) Optimization of heterogeneous clustering routing protocol for internet of things in wireless sensor networks. J Sensors 2022:1\u20139","journal-title":"J Sensors"},{"key":"2076_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"2020","author":"L Shao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shao L, Yang J, Fang J (2020) A Distributed optimization algorithm for energy of wireless sensor networks based on potential game. Int J Photoenergy 2020:1\u201312","journal-title":"Int J Photoenergy"},{"key":"2076_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133577","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3010313","volume":"8","author":"Z Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Z, Ding H, Li B et al (2020) An energy efficient routing protocol based on improved artificial bee colony algorithm for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access 8:133577\u2013133596","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2076_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185816","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3029683","volume":"8","author":"A Mohamed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mohamed A, Saber W, Elnahary I et al (2020) Coyote optimization based on a fuzzy logic algorithm for energy-efficiency in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access 8:185816\u2013185829","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2076_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167715","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3135311","volume":"9","author":"RA Ramadan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramadan RA, Sharif MH, Alreshidi EJ et al (2021) Energy coherent fog networks using multi-sink wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access 9:167715\u2013167735","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2076_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149176","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3122526","volume":"9","author":"M Moshref","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moshref M, Sayyed RA, Sharaeh SA (2021) An enhanced multi-objective non-dominated sorting genetic routing algorithm for improving the QoS in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access 9:149176\u2013149195","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2076_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83751","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3087602","volume":"9","author":"SA Otaibi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Otaibi SA, Rasheed AA, Mansour RF et al (2021) Hybridization of metaheuristic algorithm for dynamic cluster-based routing protocol in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access 9:83751\u201383761","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2076_CR24","first-page":"1","volume":"2021","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghosh S, De S, Chatterjee S et al (2021) Learning-based adaptive sensor selection framework for multi-sensing WSN. IEEE Sens J 2021:1\u201312","journal-title":"IEEE Sens J"},{"key":"2076_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82833","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3087086","volume":"9","author":"BR Kaseem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaseem BR, Taha ZK, Abdulmajeed SW et al (2021) Optimized energy\u2013efficient path planning strategy in WSN with multiple mobile sinks. IEEE Access 9:82833\u201382847","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"2076_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2432","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.3004527","volume":"15","author":"VR Sabbella","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sabbella VR, Edla DR, Lipare A et al (2020) An efficient localization approach in wireless sensor networks using krill herd optimization algorithm. IEEE Syst J 15(2):2432\u20132442","journal-title":"IEEE Syst J"},{"issue":"1","key":"2076_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2019.2953889","volume":"68","author":"M Rathee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rathee M, Kumar S, Gandomi AH et al (2019) Ant colony optimization based quality of service aware energy balancing secure routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Eng Manage 68(1):170\u2013182","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Eng Manage"},{"key":"2076_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153382","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3124737","volume":"9","author":"GA Montoya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Montoya GA, Garzon CL, Donoso Y (2021) Energy-efficient and delay sensitive routing paths using mobility prediction in mobile WSN: mathematical optimization, Markov chains, and deep learning approaches. IEEE Access 9:153382\u2013153400","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2076_CR29","first-page":"1","volume":"2020","author":"M Fattoum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fattoum M, Jellali Z, Atallah LN (2020) A joint clustering and routing algorithm based on GA for multi objective optimization in WSN. ComNet 2020:1\u20135","journal-title":"ComNet"},{"key":"2076_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32546","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3157719","volume":"10","author":"YV Lakshmi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lakshmi YV, Singh P, Abouhawwash M et al (2022) Improved chan algorithm based optimum UWB sensor node localization using hybrid particle swarm optimization. IEEE Access 10:32546\u201332565","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"5","key":"2076_CR31","first-page":"3689","volume":"8","author":"YH Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu YH, Gong S, Chi K et al (2020) Optimizing superframe and data buffer to achieve maximum throughput for 802.15. 4-based energy harvesting wireless sensor networks. IEEE Int Things J 8(5):3689\u20133704","journal-title":"IEEE Int Things J"},{"issue":"24","key":"2076_CR32","first-page":"17429","volume":"8","author":"CA Oroza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Oroza CA, Giraldo J, Parvania M et al (2021) Wireless-sensor network topology optimization in complex terrain: a Bayesian approach. IEEE Int Things J 8(24):17429\u201317435","journal-title":"IEEE Int Things J"},{"key":"2076_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3046693","volume":"9","author":"MU Younus","year":"2021","unstructured":"Younus MU, Khan MK, Afridi S et al (2021) Optimizing the lifetime of software defined wireless sensor network via reinforcement learning. IEEE Access 9:259\u2013272","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2076_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2021.102660","volume":"122","author":"A Chowdhury","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chowdhury A, De D (2021) Energy-efficient coverage optimization in wireless sensor networks based on Voronoi-glowworm swarm optimization-k-means algorithm. Ad Hoc Netw 122:1\u201316","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw"},{"issue":"1","key":"2076_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2020.3039338","volume":"5","author":"G Tsoumanis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tsoumanis G, Oikonomou K, A\u00efssa S et al (2020) Energy and distance optimization in rechargeable wireless sensor networks. IEEE Trans Green Commun Netw 5(1):378\u2013391","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Green Commun Netw"},{"issue":"6","key":"2076_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-021-01167-6","volume":"14","author":"A Verma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verma A, Kumar S, Gautam PR et al (2021) Neural-Fuzzy based effective clustering for large-scale wireless sensor networks with mobile sink. Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl 14(6):3518\u20133539","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"2076_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-021-01105-6","volume":"14","author":"M Tariq","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tariq M, Ayaz M, Subhan F et al (2021) Energy efficient and link reliable routing (E2LR) scheme for underwater sensor networks. Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl 14(4):1870\u20131888","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl"},{"key":"2076_CR38","first-page":"126","volume":"6","author":"BR Rajkumar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rajkumar BR (2012) The lion\u2019s algorithm: a new nature-inspired search algorithm. ICCCS 6:126\u2013135","journal-title":"ICCCS"},{"issue":"1","key":"2076_CR39","first-page":"162","volume":"29","author":"C Luo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luo C, Satpute MN, Li D et al (2020) Fine-grained trajectory optimization of multiple UAVs for efficient data gathering from WSNs. IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw 29(1):162\u2013175","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans Netw"},{"key":"2076_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-021-01116-3","volume":"14","author":"E Yousefpoor","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yousefpoor E, Barati H, Barati A (2021) A hierarchical secure data aggregation method using the dragonfly algorithm in wireless sensor networks. Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl 14:1917\u20131942","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl"},{"issue":"4","key":"2076_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-021-01124-3","volume":"14","author":"X Qin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Qin X, Huang G, Zhang B et al (2021) Energy efficient data correlation aware opportunistic routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl 14(4):1963\u20131975","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl"}],"container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02076-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02076-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02076-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T06:38:28Z","timestamp":1760683108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02076-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2076"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02076-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-6442","1936-6450"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1936-6442"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1936-6450"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 March 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"250"}}