{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T00:19:02Z","timestamp":1775089142318,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-025-02144-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T12:52:38Z","timestamp":1761828758000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A blockchain-based framework for enhancing fraud detection, transparency, and efficiency in health insurance claims"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Prasad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Chandrakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vipin","family":"Kumar Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2144_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2022.3219256","volume":"10","author":"A Elhence","year":"2023","unstructured":"Elhence A, Goyal A, Chamola V, Sikdar B (2023) IEEE Trans Comput Soc Syst 10(4):1642\u20131653","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Soc Syst"},{"key":"2144_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahu BL, Chandrakar P (2025) Secure blockchain-based iov architecture integrated with pufs for secure vehicular communication. Comput Electr Eng 123:110069. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0045790625000126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2025.110069"},{"key":"2144_CR3","unstructured":"NHCA-FA (NHCAA) (2020) The cost of fraud in health insurance. https:\/\/www.nhcaa.org\/resources\/fraud-resources\/the-cost-of-health-care-fraud\/. Accessed 05 Jun 2025"},{"key":"2144_CR4","unstructured":"LocalCircles (2025) 60% health insurance claimants face discharge delays, want web processing. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/finance\/personal-finance\/60-of-health-insurance-claimants-discharge-delays-want-web-processing-125010300284_1.html. Accessed 25 Jul 2025"},{"key":"2144_CR5","unstructured":"MediLedger (2019) Mediledger project: Blockchain in pharmaceutical supply chain. https:\/\/www.mediledger.com\/. Accessed 05 Jun 2025"},{"key":"2144_CR6","unstructured":"Forum WE (2018) Shaping the future of health and healthcare. https:\/\/www.weforum.org\/reports\/shaping-the-future-of-health-and-healthcare. Accessed 05 Jun 2025"},{"key":"2144_CR7","unstructured":"Katuwal G, Pandey S, Hennessey M, Lamichhane B (2018) Applications of blockchain in healthcare: Current landscape and challenges. In Proceedings of the 2018 international conference on bioinformatics and computational biology (ACM BICOB). ACM, pp 1\u20136"},{"key":"2144_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sahu BL, Chandrakar P, Kumari S, Chen C-M, Amoon M (2024) Blockchain and machine learning integrated secure driver behavior centric electric vehicle insurance model. IEEE Trans Intell Trans Syst 25(11):19\u00a0073\u201319\u00a0087","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3439822"},{"key":"2144_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raikwar M, Mazumdar S, Ruj S, Sen\u00a0Gupta S, Chattopadhyay A, Lam K-Y (2018) A blockchain framework for insurance processes. In 2018 9th IFIP International conference on new technologies, mobility and security (NTMS), pp 1\u20134","DOI":"10.1109\/NTMS.2018.8328731"},{"key":"2144_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuo T-T, Kim H-E, Ohno-Machado L (2017) Blockchain distributed ledger technologies for biomedical and health care applications. J Am Med Inform Assoc 24(6):1211\u20131220. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jamia\/ocx068","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx068"},{"key":"2144_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Banate H, Jagtap Y, Choudhary D, Dhage S (2023) Decentralised application for health insurance management using blockchain. In 2023 14th International conference on computing communication and networking technologies (ICCCNT), pp 1\u20137","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCNT56998.2023.10308050"},{"key":"2144_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saldamli G, Reddy V, Bojja KS, Gururaja MK, Doddaveerappa Y, Tawalbeh L (2020) Health care insurance fraud detection using blockchain. In 2020 Seventh international conference on software defined systems (SDS), pp 145\u2013152","DOI":"10.1109\/SDS49854.2020.9143900"},{"key":"2144_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Juntachat S, Prueksaaroon S (2023) Blockchain in healthcare: A case study of healthcare insurance, pp 132\u2013137","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSEC59635.2023.10329632"},{"key":"2144_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhamidipati NR, Vakkavanthula V, Stafford G, Dahir M, Neupane R, Bonnah E, Wang S, Murthy JVR, Hoque KA, Calyam P (2021) Claimchain: Secure blockchain platform for handling insurance claims processing. In 2021 IEEE International conference on blockchain (blockchain), pp 55\u201364","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain53845.2021.00019"},{"key":"2144_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oladejo MT, Jack L (2020) Fraud prevention and detection in a blockchain technology environment: challenges posed to forensic accountants. Int J Econ Account 9(4):315\u2013335. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.inderscienceonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1504\/IJEA.2020.110162","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEA.2020.110162"},{"key":"2144_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sharma A, Chandrakar P, Kumari S, Chen C-M (2025) FinSec: A Consortium Blockchain-Enabled Privacy-Preserving and Scalable Framework For Customer Data Protection In FinTech. Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl 18(3):131\u2013149. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12083-025-01955-4","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-025-01955-4"},{"key":"2144_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nath I (2016) Data exchange platform to fight insurance fraud on blockchain. In 2016 IEEE 16th international conference on data mining workshops (ICDMW). IEEE Computer Society, pp 821\u2013825","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDMW.2016.0121"},{"key":"2144_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hassan A, Ali MI, Ahammed R, Khan MM, Alsufyani N, Alsufyani A (2021) Secured insurance framework using blockchain and smart contract. Sci Program 2021(1):6787406. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1155\/2021\/6787406","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6787406"},{"key":"2144_CR19","first-page":"2260","volume":"167","author":"K Patel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel K, Dave M, Vyas OP (2020) Smart contract development for health insurance claim settlement using ethereum. Procedia Comput Sci 167:2260\u20132267","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"key":"2144_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sawalka S, Lahiri A, Saveetha D (2022) Ethinsurance: a blockchain based alternative approach for health insurance claim. In 2022 International conference on computer communication and informatics (ICCCI). IEEE, pp 1\u20139","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCI54379.2022.9740765"},{"key":"2144_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yaqoob S, Khan MM, Talib R, Butt AD, Saleem S, Arif F, Nadeem A (2019) Use of blockchain in healthcare: a systematic literature review. Int J Adv Comput Sci Appl 10(5)","DOI":"10.14569\/IJACSA.2019.0100581"},{"key":"2144_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saveetha D, Maragatham G (2022) A decentralized blockchain based system for secure health record and claims processing. In 2022 International conference on computer communication and informatics (ICCCI). IEEE, pp 1\u20138","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCCI54379.2022.9740838"},{"key":"2144_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh A, Srivastava AP, Choudhary P, Pandey H, Singh AK (2021) Blockchain in healthcare. In 2021 International conference on technological advancements and innovations (ICTAI). IEEE, pp 168\u2013172","DOI":"10.1109\/ICTAI53825.2021.9673187"},{"key":"2144_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah P, Patel C, Patel J, Shah A, Pandya S, Sojitra B (2024) Utilizing blockchain technology for healthcare and biomedical research: a review. Cureus 16(10)","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.72040"},{"key":"2144_CR25","unstructured":"Zhang X, Liu Y, Li L, Zhou J, Yu R (2022) Blockchain-based ehr sharing with access control: A smart contract implementation. IEEE Access 10:12\u00a0154\u201312\u00a0166"},{"issue":"2","key":"2144_CR26","first-page":"1348","volume":"26","author":"V Sharma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sharma V, Agarwal S, Jaiswal A, Singh R (2020) A privacy-preserving blockchain framework for health care. Health Informatics J 26(2):1348\u20131361","journal-title":"Health Informatics J"},{"issue":"9","key":"2144_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3000","DOI":"10.3390\/s21093000","volume":"21","author":"R Patel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel R, Singh Y, Mistry V, Tanwar S, Kumar N (2021) Gas-optimized smart contract design for healthcare applications using blockchain. Sensors 21(9):3000","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"4","key":"2144_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1049\/ccs2.12112","volume":"6","author":"C Krishna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Krishna C, Kumar D, Kushwaha DS (2024) Medblocksure: blockchain-based insurance system. Cognit Comput Syst 6(4):98\u2013107","journal-title":"Cognit Comput Syst"},{"issue":"6","key":"2144_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3109","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSS.2022.3194872","volume":"10","author":"NK Dewangan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dewangan NK, Chandrakar P (2022) Patient-centric token-based healthcare blockchain implementation using secure internet of medical things. IEEE Trans Comput Soc Syst 10(6):3109\u20133119","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Comput Soc Syst"},{"key":"2144_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alnuaimi A, Alshehhi A, Salah K, Jayaraman R, Omar IA, Battah A (2022) Blockchain-based processing of health insurance claims for prescription drugs. Ieee Access 10:118\u00a0093\u2013118\u00a0107","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3219837"},{"key":"2144_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al\u00a0Amin M, Shah R, Tummala H, Ray I (2024) Utilizing blockchain and smart contracts for enhanced fraud prevention and minimization in health insurance through multi-signature claim processing. In 2024 International conference on emerging trends in networks and computer communications (ETNCC). IEEE, pp 1\u20139","DOI":"10.1109\/ETNCC63262.2024.10767491"},{"key":"2144_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ananna TN, Saifuzzaman M, Chowdhury MJM, Ferdous MS (2023) Managing health insurance using blockchain technology. arXiv preprint arXiv:2306.10329","DOI":"10.1049\/PBHE048E_ch4"},{"key":"2144_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2023.03.060","volume":"220","author":"R Kaafarani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaafarani R, Ismail L, Zahwe O (2023) An adaptive decision-making approach for better selection of blockchain platform for health insurance frauds detection with smart contracts: development and performance evaluation. Procedia Comput Sci 220:470\u2013477","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"}],"container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02144-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02144-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02144-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T10:37:35Z","timestamp":1765622255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02144-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2144"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02144-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-6442","1936-6450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-6442","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-6450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals carried out by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All authors agree to publish the article and related research results of the article.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}],"article-number":"316"}}