{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T09:37:09Z","timestamp":1773221829056,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-025-02161-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T10:34:55Z","timestamp":1765622095000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Lightweight authentication framework for iot-centric smart healthcare systems"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Muhammad Jawad","family":"Akhtar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdullah G.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Tanveer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2161_CR1","first-page":"519","volume":"2","author":"SA Farooqi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Farooqi SA, Zafar F (2024) Security and privacy challenges in the internet of medical things(iomt): A comprehensive review. International Journal of Social Sciences Bulletin 2(4):519\u2013532","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Sciences Bulletin"},{"issue":"5","key":"2161_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/spy2.409","volume":"7","author":"RUZ Wani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wani RUZ, Thabit F, Can O (2024) Security and privacy challenges, issues, and enhancing techniques for internet of medical things: A systematic review. Security and Privacy 7(5):e409","journal-title":"Security and Privacy"},{"issue":"1","key":"2161_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1760","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-84713-5","volume":"15","author":"M Asif","year":"2025","unstructured":"Asif M, Abrar M, Salam A, Amin F, Ullah F, Shah S, AlSalman H (2025) Intelligent two-phase dual authentication framework for internet of medical things. Sci Rep 15(1):1760","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2161_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2024.104097","volume":"148","author":"P Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun P, Wan Y, Wu Z, Fang Z, Li Q (2025) A survey on privacy and security issues in iot-based environments: Technologies, protection measures and future directions. Computers & Security 148:104097","journal-title":"Computers & Security"},{"issue":"1","key":"2161_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3390\/fi17010030","volume":"17","author":"E Dritsas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Dritsas E, Trigka M (2025) A survey on cybersecurity in iot. Future Internet 17(1):30","journal-title":"Future Internet"},{"key":"2161_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hasan MK, Weichen Z, Safie N, Ahmed FRA, Ghazal TM (2024) A survey on key agreement and authentication protocol for internet of things application. IEEE Access","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3393567"},{"key":"2161_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun P, Shen S, Wan Y, Wu Z, Fang Z, Gao Xz (2024) A survey of iot privacy security: Architecture, technology, challenges, and trends. IEEE Internet of Things Journal","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3372518"},{"issue":"11","key":"2161_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8205","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3142084","volume":"9","author":"P Mall","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mall P, Amin R, Das AK, Leung MT, Choo K-KR (2022) Puf-based authentication and key agreement protocols for iot, wsns, and smart grids: A comprehensive survey. IEEE Internet Things J 9(11):8205\u20138228","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"12","key":"2161_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2710","DOI":"10.3390\/math11122710","volume":"11","author":"H Alasmary","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alasmary H (2023) Rdaf-iiot: Reliable device-access framework for the industrial internet of things. Mathematics 11(12):2710","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2161_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3084946","volume":"9","author":"M Tanveer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanveer M, Kumar N, Hassan MM et al (2021) Ramp-iod: A robust authenticated key management protocol for the internet of drones. IEEE Internet Things J 9(2):1339\u20131353","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"2161_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-014-0016-2","volume":"38","author":"Z Tan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tan Z (2014) A user anonymity preserving three-factor authentication scheme for telecare medicine information systems. J Med Syst 38:1\u20139","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"2161_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-010-0512-1","volume":"63","author":"E-J Yoon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yoon E-J, Yoo K-Y (2013) Robust biometrics-based multi-server authentication with key agreement scheme for smart cards on elliptic curve cryptosystem. J Supercomput 63:235\u2013255","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"issue":"4","key":"2161_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2009.2031942","volume":"4","author":"C-I Fan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fan C-I, Lin Y-H (2009) Provably secure remote truly three-factor authentication scheme with privacy protection on biometrics. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 4(4):933\u2013945","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur"},{"issue":"5","key":"2161_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-019-1251-3","volume":"43","author":"K Renuka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Renuka K, Kumari S, Li X (2019) Design of a secure three-factor authentication scheme for smart healthcare. J Med Syst 43(5):133","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"2161_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3085595","volume":"9","author":"M Tanveer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tanveer M, Abbas G, Abbas ZH, Bilal M, Mukherjee A, Kwak KS (2021) Lake-6sh: Lightweight user authenticated key exchange for 6lowpan-based smart homes. IEEE Internet Things J 9(4):2578\u20132591","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"2161_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-016-0574-6","volume":"40","author":"X Yue","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yue X, Wang H, Jin D, Li M, Jiang W (2016) Healthcare data gateways: found healthcare intelligence on blockchain with novel privacy risk control. J Med Syst 40:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"issue":"2","key":"2161_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3390\/info8020044","volume":"8","author":"Q Xia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xia Q, Sifah EB, Smahi A, Amofa S, Zhang X (2017) Bbds: Blockchain-based data sharing for electronic medical records in cloud environments. Information 8(2):44","journal-title":"Information"},{"issue":"6","key":"2161_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1093\/jamia\/ocx068","volume":"24","author":"T-T Kuo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuo T-T, Kim H-E, Ohno-Machado L (2017) Blockchain distributed ledger technologies for biomedical and health care applications. J Am Med Inform Assoc 24(6):1211\u20131220","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"issue":"8","key":"2161_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-018-0995-5","volume":"42","author":"A Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang A, Lin X (2018) Towards secure and privacy-preserving data sharing in e-health systems via consortium blockchain. J Med Syst 42(8):140","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"2161_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-018-0993-7","volume":"42","author":"K Fan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fan K, Wang S, Ren Y, Li H, Yang Y (2018) Medblock: Efficient and secure medical data sharing via blockchain. J Med Syst 42:1\u201311","journal-title":"J Med Syst"},{"key":"2161_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2023.100902","volume":"23","author":"M Tanveer","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tanveer M, Badshah A, Alasmary H, Chaudhry SA et al (2023) Cmaf-iiot: Chaotic map-based authentication framework for industrial internet of things. Internet of Things 23:100902","journal-title":"Internet of Things"},{"issue":"2","key":"2161_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2022.3209868","volume":"17","author":"Y Ming","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ming Y, Yang P, Mahdikhani H, Lu R (2022) A secure one-to-many authentication and key agreement scheme for industrial iot. IEEE Syst J 17(2):2225\u20132236","journal-title":"IEEE Syst J"},{"key":"2161_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alruwaili O, Alotaibi FM, Tanveer M, Chaoui S, Armghan A (2024) Psaf-iot: Physically secure authentication framework for the internet of things. IEEE Access","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3407353"},{"key":"2161_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60534","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3181182","volume":"10","author":"S Yu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu S, Park K (2022) Sals-tmis: Secure, anonymous, and lightweight privacy-preserving scheme for iomt-enabled tmis environments. IEEE Access 10:60534\u201360549","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2161_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tu S, Badshah A, Alasmary H, Waqas M (2023) Eake-wc: Efficient and anonymous authenticated key exchange scheme for wearable computing. IEEE Trans Mob Comput","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2023.3297854"},{"issue":"4","key":"2161_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3474","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2970974","volume":"7","author":"D Fang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fang D, Qian Y, Hu RQ (2020) A flexible and efficient authentication and secure data transmission scheme for iot applications. IEEE Internet Things J 7(4):3474\u20133484","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"3","key":"2161_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3453","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-023-08047-6","volume":"49","author":"M Tanveer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tanveer M, Bhutta MNM, Alzahrani BA, Albeshri A, Alsubhi K, Chaudhry SA (2024) Cmap-iot: Chaotic map-based authentication protocol for crowdsourcing internet of things. Arab J Sci Eng 49(3):3453\u20133466","journal-title":"Arab J Sci Eng"},{"issue":"7","key":"2161_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4425","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.3011849","volume":"17","author":"J Srinivas","year":"2020","unstructured":"Srinivas J, Das AK, Li X, Khan MK, Jo M (2020) Designing anonymous signature-based authenticated key exchange scheme for internet of things-enabled smart grid systems. IEEE Trans Industr Inf 17(7):4425\u20134436","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Inf"},{"issue":"7","key":"2161_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5000","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3119685","volume":"18","author":"SA Chaudhry","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chaudhry SA, Nebhan J, Yahya K, Al-Turjman F (2021) A privacy enhanced authentication scheme for securing smart grid infrastructure. IEEE Trans Industr Inf 18(7):5000\u20135006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Inf"},{"key":"2161_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2024.101459","volume":"29","author":"O Alruwaili","year":"2025","unstructured":"Alruwaili O, Tanveer M, Aldossari SA, Alanazi S, Armghan A (2025) Raaf-mec: Reliable and anonymous authentication framework for iot-enabled mobile edge computing environment. Internet of Things 29:101459","journal-title":"Internet of Things"},{"key":"2161_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2021.100493","volume":"18","author":"R Hajian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hajian R, Haghighat A, Erfani SH (2022) A secure anonymous d2d mutual authentication and key agreement protocol for iot. Internet of Things 18:100493","journal-title":"Internet of Things"},{"issue":"1","key":"2161_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-023-03473-8","volume":"30","author":"Y Rajkumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rajkumar Y, Kumar SS (2024) An elliptic curve cryptography based certificate-less signature aggregation scheme for efficient authentication in vehicular ad hoc networks. Wireless Netw 30(1):335\u2013362","journal-title":"Wireless Netw"},{"issue":"8","key":"2161_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.3390\/app14083187","volume":"14","author":"S Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu S, Jiang S, Miao Q, Yang F, Zhou W, Duan P (2024) Provably secure ecc-based anonymous authentication and key agreement for iot. Appl Sci 14(8):3187","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2161_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.2981049","volume":"15","author":"F Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu F, Li X, Xu L, Vijayakumar P, Kumar N (2020) A novel three-factor authentication protocol for wireless sensor networks with iot notion. IEEE Syst J 15(1):1120\u20131129","journal-title":"IEEE Syst J"},{"issue":"8","key":"2161_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3599","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2773666","volume":"14","author":"X Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li X, Niu J, Bhuiyan MZA, Wu F, Karuppiah M, Kumari S (2017) A robust ecc-based provable secure authentication protocol with privacy preserving for industrial internet of things. IEEE Trans Industr Inf 14(8):3599\u20133609","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Inf"},{"issue":"2","key":"2161_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-020-02523-9","volume":"27","author":"H Abdi Nasib Far","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdi Nasib Far H, Bayat M, Kumar Das A, Fotouhi M, Pournaghi SM, Doostari MA (2021) Laptas: lightweight anonymous privacy-preserving three-factor authentication scheme for wsn-based iiot. Wirel Netw 27(2):1389\u20131412","journal-title":"Wirel Netw"},{"key":"2161_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.06.012","volume":"160","author":"M Shuai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shuai M, Xiong L, Wang C, Yu N (2020) A secure authentication scheme with forward secrecy for industrial internet of things using rabin cryptosystem. Comput Commun 160:215\u2013227","journal-title":"Comput Commun"},{"issue":"12","key":"2161_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11713","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2999510","volume":"7","author":"H Xiong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiong H, Wu Y, Jin C, Kumari S (2020) Efficient and privacy-preserving authentication protocol for heterogeneous systems in iiot. IEEE Internet Things J 7(12):11713\u201311724","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2161_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3801","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3024703","volume":"8","author":"R Vinoth","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vinoth R, Deborah LJ, Vijayakumar P, Kumar N (2020) Secure multifactor authenticated key agreement scheme for industrial iot. IEEE Internet Things J 8(5):3801\u20133811","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"11","key":"2161_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8039","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3156629","volume":"18","author":"F Rafique","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rafique F, Obaidat MS, Mahmood K, Ayub MF, Ferzund J, Chaudhry SA (2022) An efficient and provably secure certificateless protocol for industrial internet of things. IEEE Trans Industr Inf 18(11):8039\u20138046","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Industr Inf"},{"issue":"9","key":"2161_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16243","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3355228","volume":"11","author":"Y Han","year":"2024","unstructured":"Han Y, Guo H, Liu J, Ehui BB, Wu Y, Li S (2024) An enhanced multifactor authentication and key agreement protocol in industrial internet of things. IEEE Internet Things J 11(9):16243\u201316254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3355228","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"issue":"4","key":"2161_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2020.3029784","volume":"8","author":"J Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang J, Cui J, Zhong H, Bolodurina I, Liu L (2020) Intelligent drone-assisted anonymous authentication and key agreement for 5g\/b5g vehicular ad-hoc networks. IEEE transactions on network science and engineering 8(4):2982\u20132994","journal-title":"IEEE transactions on network science and engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"2161_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2018.2850966","volume":"67","author":"D Abbasinezhad-Mood","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abbasinezhad-Mood D, Nikooghadam M (2018) Efficient design of a novel ecc-based public key scheme for medical data protection by utilization of nanopi fire. IEEE Trans Reliab 67(3):1328\u20131339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TR.2018.2850966","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Reliab"},{"issue":"8","key":"2161_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8116","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3173076","volume":"71","author":"A Shahidinejad","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shahidinejad A, Abbasinezhad-Mood D (2022) Ultra-lightweight and secure blockchain-assisted charging scheduling scheme for vehicular edge networks by utilization of nanopi neo. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 71(8):8116\u20138123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TVT.2022.3173076","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2161_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-025-02016-6","volume":"18","author":"M Tanveer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tanveer M, Alharbi AG, Akhtar MJ (2025) A secure and resource-efficient authenticated key agreement framework for mobile edge computing. Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications 18(4):200","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications"},{"issue":"5","key":"2161_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4493","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2024.3428916","volume":"11","author":"H Ghaemi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghaemi H, Abbasinezhad-Mood D (2024) Novel blockchain-integrated quantum-resilient self-certified authentication protocol for cross-industry communications. IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering 11(5):4493\u20134502. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TNSE.2024.3428916","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"10","key":"2161_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13407","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3410114","volume":"25","author":"D Abbasinezhad-Mood","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbasinezhad-Mood D, Ghaemi H (2024) Dual-signature blockchain-based key sharing protocol for secure v2v communications in multi-domain iov environments. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 25(10):13407\u201313416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TITS.2024.3410114","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"2161_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanveer M, Alharbi AG, Aldossari SA (2025) Repuf-iot: Reconfigurable puf-based authentication protocol for iot-driven healthcare systems. IEEE Internet of Things Journal","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3602311"}],"container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02161-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02161-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02161-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T12:19:27Z","timestamp":1773145167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02161-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02161-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-6480560\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1936-6442","1936-6450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-6442","type":"print"},{"value":"1936-6450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"28"}}