{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:49:50Z","timestamp":1774964990913,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-025-02192-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T10:12:23Z","timestamp":1771495943000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A dual framework for optimized data storage and retrieval using lightweight python blockchain and scalable smart contracts with IPFS"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Vatsala","family":"Upadhyay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kokila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhishek","family":"Vaish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2192_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2023.101014","volume":"25","author":"C Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee C et al (2024) Addressing IoT storage constraints: a hybrid architecture for decentralized data storage and centralized management. Internet of Things 25:101014","journal-title":"Internet of Things"},{"key":"2192_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li L et al (2023) A secure, reliable and low-cost distributed storage scheme based on blockchain and IPFS for firefighting IoT data. IEEE Access","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3311712"},{"issue":"2","key":"2192_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13020274","volume":"13","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Y et al (2023) Agricultural IoT data storage optimization and information security method based on blockchain. Agriculture 13(2):274","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"issue":"1","key":"2192_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7841","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58578-7","volume":"14","author":"EU Haque","year":"2024","unstructured":"Haque EU et al (2024) A scalable blockchain based framework for efficient IoT data management using lightweight consensus. Sci Rep 14(1):7841","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2192_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zareen H et al (2021) Blockchain and IPFS based service model for the internet of things. In: Complex, intelligent and software intensive systems: proceedings of the 15th international conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS-2021). Springer International Publishing","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-79725-6_25"},{"key":"2192_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alizadeh M, Andersson K, Schel\u00e9n O (2020) Efficient decentralized data storage based on public blockchain and IPFS. In: 2020 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Computer Science and Data Engineering (CSDE). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/CSDE50874.2020.9411599"},{"key":"2192_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arer MM, Dhulavvagol PM, Totad SG (2022) Efficient big data storage and retrieval in distributed architecture using blockchain and ipfs. In: 2022 IEEE 7th International conference for Convergence in Technology (I2CT). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/I2CT54291.2022.9824566"},{"issue":"1","key":"2192_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.62527\/joiv.8.1.1497","volume":"8","author":"AAG Agung","year":"2024","unstructured":"Agung AAG, Yuniar I, Hendriyanto R (2024) Smart contract and IPFS decentralized storage for halal certification process. JOIV: Int J Inf Visual 8(1):79\u201387","journal-title":"JOIV: Int J Inf Visual"},{"issue":"7","key":"2192_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12071545","volume":"12","author":"N Sangeeta","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sangeeta N, Nam SY (2023) Blockchain and interplanetary file system (IPFS)-based data storage system for vehicular networks with keyword search capability. Electronics 12(7):1545","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"2192_CR10","unstructured":"Rahman MU, Baiardi F, Ricci L (2020) Blockchain smart contract for scalable data sharing in IoT: a case study of smart agriculture. In: 2020 IEEE Global Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (GCAIoT). IEEE"},{"issue":"3","key":"2192_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.3390\/s23031570","volume":"23","author":"AA Maftei","year":"2023","unstructured":"Maftei AA et al (2023) Massive data storage solution for IoT devices using blockchain technologies. Sensors 23(3):1570","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2192_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saeed A et al (2024) Employing blockchain and IPFS in WSNs for malicious node detection and efficient data storage. Wirel Netw, 1\u201316","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-023-03648-3"},{"key":"2192_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu X et al (2024) Hierarchical classified storage and incentive consensus scheme for building IoT under blockchain. J King Saud Univ-Comput Inf Sci 102075","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2024.102075"},{"issue":"4","key":"2192_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5455","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2022.3174157","volume":"16","author":"M Shahjalal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shahjalal M et al (2022) Implementation of a secure lorawan system for industrial internet of things integrated with ipfs and blockchain. IEEE Syst J 16(4):5455\u20135464","journal-title":"IEEE Syst J"},{"key":"2192_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36978","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3164081","volume":"10","author":"Z Ullah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ullah Z et al (2022) Towards blockchain-based secure storage and trusted data sharing scheme for IoT environment. IEEE Access 10:36978\u201336994","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2192_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen B et al (2024) BSSN: enabling adjustable blockchain storage for resource-constrained IoT scenarios. IEEE Internet Things J","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3483898"},{"issue":"3","key":"2192_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.3390\/fi16030098","volume":"16","author":"M Bin Saif","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bin Saif M, Migliorini S, Spoto F (2024) Efficient and secure distributed data storage and retrieval using interplanetary file system and blockchain. Future Internet 16(3):98","journal-title":"Future Internet"},{"key":"2192_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Brito Gon\u00e7alves JP et al (2022) IoT data storage on a blockchain using smart contracts and IPFS. In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/Blockchain55522.2022.00078"},{"key":"2192_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra RK, Yadav RK, Nath P (2024) Integration of Blockchain and IPFS: healthcare data management & sharing for IoT Environment. Multimed Tools Appl, 1\u201322","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-024-20092-3"},{"key":"2192_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17707","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3149312","volume":"10","author":"HR Hasan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hasan HR et al (2022) Trustworthy IoT data streaming using blockchain and IPFS. IEEE Access 10:17707\u201317721","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"2192_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e348","DOI":"10.1002\/spy2.348","volume":"7","author":"D Rani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rani D, Kumar R, Chauhan N (2024) A secure framework for IoT-based healthcare using blockchain and IPFS. Secur Privacy 7(2):e348","journal-title":"Secur Privacy"},{"key":"2192_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang T-Y et al (2023) A secure and IoT-enabled data sharing system based on IPFS and IOTA blockchain. In: Proceedings of the 2023 5th blockchain and Internet of Things conference","DOI":"10.1145\/3625078.3625085"},{"issue":"2","key":"2192_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e7485","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.7485","volume":"35","author":"M Antony Saviour","year":"2023","unstructured":"Antony Saviour M, Samiappan D (2023) IPFS based file storage access control and authentication model for secure data transfer using block chain technique. Concurr Comput Pract Exp 35(2):e7485","journal-title":"Concurr Comput Pract Exp"},{"issue":"1","key":"2192_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-022-04702-1","volume":"79","author":"Q Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Zhao Z (2023) Distributed storage scheme for encryption speech data based on blockchain and IPFS. J Supercomput 79(1):897\u2013923","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"issue":"1","key":"2192_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-022-01376-7","volume":"16","author":"SK Dwivedi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dwivedi SK, Amin R, Vollala S (2023) Smart contract and IPFS-based trustworthy secure data storage and device authentication scheme in fog computing environment. Peer-to- Peer Netw Appl 16(1):1\u201321","journal-title":"Peer-to- Peer Netw Appl"},{"issue":"3","key":"2192_CR26","first-page":"1","volume":"23","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Yu Y, Wang X (2023) Three-tier storage framework based on TBchain and IPFS for protecting IoT security and privacy. ACM Trans Internet Technol 23(3):1\u201328","journal-title":"ACM Trans Internet Technol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2192_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1134\/S0361768824700786","volume":"50","author":"RG Reyes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Reyes RG et al (2024) AMI\/IoT data model for public lighting in M\u00e9xico using Lz4 compression, IPFS and blockchain. Program Comput Softw 50(8):816\u2013828","journal-title":"Program Comput Softw"},{"key":"2192_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali MS, Dolui K, Antonelli F (2017) IoT data privacy via blockchains and IPFS. In: Proceedings of the seventh international conference on the internet of things","DOI":"10.1145\/3131542.3131563"},{"key":"2192_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim W et al (2024) IPFS viewer: IoT surveillance camera system using IPFS and MQTT. In: 2024 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCE59016.2024.10444244"},{"issue":"1","key":"2192_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2367549","DOI":"10.1080\/09540091.2024.2367549","volume":"36","author":"S Basudan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Basudan S (2024) IPFS-blockchain-based delegation model for internet of medical robotics things telesurgery system. Connect Sci 36(1):2367549","journal-title":"Connect Sci"},{"key":"2192_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khobragade P, Turuk AK (2023) On-chain off-chain blockchain model for IoT using IPFS. In: 27th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications (ADCOM 2022), vol 2023. IET","DOI":"10.1049\/icp.2023.1452"},{"key":"2192_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bisht A et al (2023) Efficient personal-health-records sharing in internet of medical things using searchable symmetric encryption, blockchain and IPFS. IEEE Open J Commun Soc","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2023.3316922"},{"key":"2192_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chain T, Oh A-S, Shin S-S (2024) Blockchain and IPFS-based IoT massive data-management model, 296\u2013302","DOI":"10.56977\/jicce.2024.22.4.296"},{"key":"2192_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lai J, Zha W (2024) Research on industrial IoT data storage and access security countermeasures based on solana blockchain and IPFS technology. In: 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Next Generation Networks (ICNGN). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICNGN63705.2024.10871621"},{"key":"2192_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhadula S, Sharma S, Johri A (2023) Hybrid blockchain and IPFS for secure industry 4.0 framework of IoT-based skin monitoring system. In: 2023 9th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS), vol 1. IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ICACCS57279.2023.10112751"},{"issue":"4","key":"2192_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10040391","volume":"10","author":"D Na","year":"2021","unstructured":"Na D, Park S (2021) Fusion chain: a decentralized lightweight blockchain for IoT security and privacy. Electronics 10(4):391","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"2192_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Son M, Kim H (2019) Blockchain-based secure firmware management system in IoT environment. In: 2019 21st International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology (ICACT). IEEE","DOI":"10.23919\/ICACT.2019.8701959"},{"key":"2192_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karada\u015e HB, Kalkan K (2023) IBAM: IPFS and blockchain based authentication for MQTT protocol in IoT. In: 2023 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC). IEEE","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCC58397.2023.10217960"},{"issue":"10","key":"2192_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10101130","volume":"10","author":"H Ye","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ye H, Park S (2021) Reliable vehicle data storage using blockchain and IPFS. Electronics 10(10):1130","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"2","key":"2192_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-024-01855-z","volume":"18","author":"D Rani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rani D et al (2025) A secure digital evidence preservation system for an iot-enabled smart environment using ipfs, blockchain, and smart contracts. Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl 18(2):1\u201329","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl"},{"issue":"6","key":"2192_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2024.102117","volume":"36","author":"C Liang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liang C et al (2024) Study on data storage and verification methods based on improved Merkle mountain range in IoT scenarios. J King Saud Univ-Comput Inf Sci 36(6):102117","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ-Comput Inf Sci"}],"container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02192-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02192-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02192-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:54:17Z","timestamp":1774961657000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02192-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12083-025-02192-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-6450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-6450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"No animals or humans were involved in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical statement declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Publish"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical Trial study details"}}],"article-number":"49"}}