{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:49:37Z","timestamp":1774964977402,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-026-02196-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T10:00:00Z","timestamp":1772532000000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Secure-energy efficient hybrid optimal cluster-based routing with improved AES in WSN for secure data transmission"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Dr.Gowdham","family":"C","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dr.John Deva Prasanna","family":"D S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Arun Anthonisamy","family":"A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"2196_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2023.101803","volume":"35","author":"V Pandiyaraju","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pandiyaraju V, Ganapathy S, Mohith N, Kannan A (2023) An optimal energy utilization model for precision agriculture in WSNs using multi-objective clustering and deep learning. J King Saud Univ 35(10):101803","journal-title":"J King Saud Univ"},{"issue":"15","key":"2196_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5471","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155471","volume":"22","author":"M Bilal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bilal M, Munir EU, Alarfaj FK (2022) Hybrid clustering and routing algorithm with threshold-based data collection for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Sensors (Basel) 22(15):5471","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"13","key":"2196_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7712","DOI":"10.3390\/su14137712","volume":"14","author":"K Lakshmanna","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lakshmanna K, Subramani N, Alotaibi Y, Alghamdi S, Khalafand OI, Nanda AK (2022) Improved metaheuristic-driven energy-aware cluster-based routing scheme for IoT-assisted wireless sensor networks. Sustainability 14(13):7712","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"12","key":"2196_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.3390\/s19122752","volume":"19","author":"K Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu K, Zhao Z, Luo Y, Hui G, Hu L (2019) An energy-efficient clustering routing protocol based on a high-QoS node deployment with an inter-cluster routing mechanism in WSNs. Sensors (Basel) 19(12):2752","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"issue":"23","key":"2196_CR5","first-page":"3922","volume":"11","author":"S Firdous","year":"2022","unstructured":"Firdous S, Bibi N, Wahid M, Alhazmi S (2022) Efficient clustering based routing for energy management in wireless sensor network-assisted internet of things. Electronics (Basel) 11(23):3922","journal-title":"Electronics (Basel)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2196_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3390\/sym12050837","volume":"12","author":"H Koyuncu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koyuncu H, Tomar GS, Sharma D (2020) A new energy efficient multitier deterministic energy-efficient clustering routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Symmetry (Basel) 12(5):837","journal-title":"Symmetry (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2196_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-08679-7","volume":"121","author":"P Nandhini","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nandhini P, Suresh A (2021) Energy efficient cluster-based routing protocol using charged system harmony search algorithm in WSN. Wirel Pers Commun 121(3):1457\u20131470","journal-title":"Wirel Pers Commun"},{"key":"2196_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2020.102317","volume":"110","author":"P Maheshwari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maheshwari P, Sharma AK, Verma K (2021) Energy efficient cluster-based routing protocol for WSN using butterfly optimization algorithm and ant colony optimization. Ad Hoc Networks 110:102317","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Networks"},{"issue":"5","key":"2196_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-wss.2018.5227","volume":"9","author":"M Pavani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pavani M, Trinatha Rao P (2019) Adaptive PSO with optimised firefly algorithms for secure cluster-based routing in wireless sensor networks. IET Wirel Sens Syst 9(5):274\u2013283","journal-title":"IET Wirel Sens Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"2196_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s18030881","volume":"18","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liu M, Liu Q (2018) An energy-balanced clustering protocol based on an improved CFSFDP algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Sensors 18(3):881","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"24","key":"2196_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22249921","volume":"22","author":"S Gurumoorthy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gurumoorthy S, Subhash P, de P\u00e9rez Prado R, Wozniak M (2022) Optimal cluster head selection in WSN with convolutional neural network-based energy level prediction. Sensors 22(24):9921","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"3","key":"2196_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-020-07469-x","volume":"114","author":"S Sujanthi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sujanthi S, Nithya Kalyani S (2020) Secdl: qos-aware secure deep learning approach for dynamic cluster-based routing in WSN assisted IoT. Wirel Pers Commun 114(3):2135\u20132169","journal-title":"Wirel Pers Commun"},{"issue":"4","key":"2196_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24041348","volume":"24","author":"Z Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang Z, Duan J, Xing P (2024) Multi-hop clustering and routing protocol based on enhanced snake optimizer and golden jackal optimization in WSNs. Sensors 24(4):1348","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"12","key":"2196_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14127304","volume":"14","author":"RK Lenka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lenka RK, Kolhar M, Mohapatra H, Al-Turjman F, Altrjman C (2022) Cluster-based routing protocol with static hub (CRPSH) for WSN-assisted IoT networks. Sustainability 14(12):7304","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"21","key":"2196_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12214174","volume":"12","author":"K Haseeb","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haseeb K, Almogren A, Islam N, Ud Din I, Jan Z (2019) An energy-efficient and secure routing protocol for intrusion avoidance in IoT-based WSN. Energies 12(21):4174","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"13","key":"2196_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24134105","volume":"24","author":"H Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang H, Liu K, Wang C, Hu H (2024) Energy-efficient, cluster-based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks using fuzzy logic and quantum annealing algorithm. Sensors 24(13):4105","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"2196_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-019-03040-z","volume":"76","author":"V Vijayalakshmi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vijayalakshmi V, Senthilkumar A (2020) Uscdrp: unequal secure cluster-based distributed routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. J Supercomput 76:989\u20131004","journal-title":"J Supercomput"},{"issue":"5","key":"2196_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3026","DOI":"10.3390\/app13053026","volume":"13","author":"RB Pedditi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pedditi RB, Debasis K (2023) Energy efficient routing protocol for an IoT-based WSN system to detect forest fires. Appl Sci 13(5):3026","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"2196_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145421","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3345218","volume":"11","author":"KV Prasad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prasad KV, Periyasamy S (2023) Secure-energy efficient bio-inspired clustering and deep learning based routing using blockchain for edge assisted WSN environment. IEEE Access 11:145421\u2013145440","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2196_CR20","volume":"29","author":"S Anitha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Anitha S, Saravanan S, Chandrasekar A (2023) Trust management based multidimensional secure cluster with RSA cryptography algorithm in WSN for secure data transmission. Measurement: Sensors 29:100889","journal-title":"Measurement: Sensors"},{"issue":"3","key":"2196_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-021-08335-0","volume":"119","author":"PS Khot","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khot PS, Naik U (2021) Particle-water wave optimization for secure routing in wireless sensor network using cluster head selection. Wirel Pers Commun 119(3):2405\u20132429","journal-title":"Wirel Pers Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"2196_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-020-01038-6","volume":"14","author":"V Kavitha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kavitha V (2021) Privacy preserving using multi-hop dynamic clustering routing protocol and elliptic curve cryptosystem for WSN in IoT environment. Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl 14(2):821\u2013836","journal-title":"Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl"},{"key":"2196_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2024.05.078","volume":"101","author":"MK Roberts","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roberts MK, Thangavel J, Aldawsari H (2024) An improved dual-phased meta-heuristic optimization-based framework for energy efficient cluster-based routing in wireless sensor networks. Alexandria Eng J 101:306\u2013317","journal-title":"Alexandria Eng J"},{"key":"2196_CR24","volume":"33","author":"V Prasad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Prasad V, Roopashree HR (2024) Energy aware and secure routing for hierarchical cluster through trust evaluation. Meas: Sensors 33:101132","journal-title":"Meas: Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"2196_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vrih.2022.10.002","volume":"6","author":"S Tabbassum","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tabbassum S, Pathak RK (2024) Effective data transmission through energy-efficient clus-tering and fuzzy-based IDS routing approach in WSNs. Virtual Real Intell Hardw 6(1):1\u201316","journal-title":"Virtual Real Intell Hardw"},{"key":"2196_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198254","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3030629","volume":"8","author":"WC Yeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yeh WC, Jiang Y, Huang CL, Xiong NN, Hu CF, Yeh YH (2020) Improve energy consumption and signal transmission quality of routings in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Access 8:198254\u2013198264","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2196_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2019.09.239","volume":"159","author":"N Rouissi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rouissi N, Gharsellaoui H, Bouamama S (2019) Improvement of watermarking-LEACH algorithm based on trust for wireless sensor networks. Procedia Comput Sci 159:803\u2013813","journal-title":"Procedia Comput Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2196_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics9020065","volume":"9","author":"O Al-Baik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Al-Baik O, Alomari S, Alssayed O, Gochhait S, Leonova I, Dutta U, Dehghani M (2024) Pufferfish optimization algorithm: a new bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for solving optimization problems. Biomimetics 9(2):65","journal-title":"Biomimetics"},{"issue":"6","key":"2196_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics8060470","volume":"8","author":"M Dehghani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dehghani M, Montazeri Z, Bektemyssova G, Malik OP, Dhiman G, Ahmed AE (2023) Kookaburra optimization algorithm: a new bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for solving optimization problems. Biomimetics 8(6):470","journal-title":"Biomimetics"},{"key":"2196_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou C, Mei L, Chellali R, Zhao Y (2018) An improved bird swarm algorithm with adaptive characteristics. In: 2018 international symposium on communication engineering & computer science (CECS 2018). Atlantis Press, pp 230\u2013235","DOI":"10.2991\/cecs-18.2018.40"},{"key":"2196_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abderrahim M, Hakim H, Boujemaa H, Touati F (2019) A clustering routing based on dijkstra algorithm for WSNs. In: 2019 19th international conference on sciences and techniques of automatic control and computer engineering (STA). IEEE, pp 605\u2013610","DOI":"10.1109\/STA.2019.8717279"},{"key":"2196_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su N, Zhang Y, Li M (2019) Research on data encryption standard based on AES algorithm in internet of things environment. In: 2019 IEEE 3rd information technology, networking, electronic and automation control conference (ITNEC). IEEE, pp 2071\u20132075","DOI":"10.1109\/ITNEC.2019.8729488"},{"key":"2196_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arman S, Rehnuma T, Rahman M (2020) Design and implementation of a modified AES cryptography with fast key generation technique. In: 2020 IEEE international women in engineering (WIE) conference on electrical and computer engineering (WIECON-ECE). IEEE, pp 191\u2013195","DOI":"10.1109\/WIECON-ECE52138.2020.9397992"},{"issue":"2","key":"2196_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcc.2023.100126","volume":"3","author":"DS Misbha","year":"2023","unstructured":"Misbha DS (2023) Lightweight key distribution for secured and energy efficient communication in wireless sensor network: an optimization assisted model. High Confid Comput 3(2):100126","journal-title":"High Confid Comput"}],"container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-026-02196-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12083-026-02196-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-026-02196-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:53:55Z","timestamp":1774961635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12083-026-02196-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2196"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12083-026-02196-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-6450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-6450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"55"}}