{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T13:49:52Z","timestamp":1774964992001,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773100800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No.2022YFB3104901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2022YFB3104901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Netw. Appl."],"DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-026-02216-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T12:00:27Z","timestamp":1773144027000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A dynamic security evaluation model for vehicular edge computing information system"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9392-0655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyu","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinxin","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weixuan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yueming","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ziping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruohan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"2216_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oliveira F, Costa DG, Assis F, Silva I (2024) Internet of intelligent things: A convergence of embedded systems, edge computing and machine learning. Internet Things 101153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2024.101153"},{"key":"2216_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sharma M, Tomar A, Hazra A (2024) Edge computing for industry 5.0: Fundamental, applications and research challenges. IEEE Internet Things J","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3359297"},{"issue":"4","key":"2216_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3143529","volume":"10","author":"C Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen C, Zeng Y, Li H, Liu Y, Wan S (2022) A multihop task offloading decision model in mec-enabled internet of vehicles. IEEE Internet Things J 10(4):3215\u20133230","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"2216_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan G, Liu K, Liu C, Zhang J (2024) Edge intelligence for internet of vehicles: A survey. IEEE Trans Consumer Electron","DOI":"10.1109\/TCE.2024.3378509"},{"issue":"7","key":"2216_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7712","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3349546","volume":"25","author":"W Fan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fan W, Zhang Y, Zhou G, Liu Y (2024) Deep reinforcement learning-based task offloading for vehicular edge computing with flexible rsu-rsu cooperation. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 25(7):7712\u20137725","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst"},{"key":"2216_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123436","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3224032","volume":"10","author":"L Hou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hou L, Gregory MA, Li S (2022) A survey of multi-access edge computing and vehicular networking. IEEE Access 10:123436\u2013123451","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"10","key":"2216_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5780","DOI":"10.1002\/dac.5780","volume":"37","author":"A Souri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Souri A, Zarei M, Hemmati A, Gao M (2024) A systematic literature review of vehicular connectivity and v2x communications: Technical aspects and new challenges. Int J Commun Syst 37(10):e5780","journal-title":"Int J Commun Syst"},{"key":"2216_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farsimadan E, Moradi L, Palmieri F (2025) A review on security challenges in v2x communications technology for vanets. IEEE Access","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3541035"},{"issue":"3","key":"2216_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3384132","volume":"26","author":"J Clancy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Clancy J, Mullins D, Deegan B, Horgan J, Ward E, Eising C, Denny P, Jones E, Glavin M (2024) Wireless access for v2x communications: Research, challenges and opportunities. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 26(3):2082\u20132119","journal-title":"IEEE Commun Surv Tutor"},{"key":"2216_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haddaji A, Ayed S, Chaari Fourati L (2024) Iov security and privacy survey: issues, countermeasures, and challenges. J Supercomput 80(15):23018\u201323082","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-024-06269-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"2216_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.26599\/TST.2024.9010083","volume":"30","author":"E Khezri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khezri E, Hassanzadeh H, Yahya RO, Mir M (2025) Security challenges in internet of vehicles (iov) for its: A survey. Tsinghua Sci Technol 30(4):1700\u20131723","journal-title":"Tsinghua Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2216_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3390\/fi15050175","volume":"15","author":"PV Wadatkar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wadatkar PV, Garroppo RG, Nencioni G (2023) 5g-mec testbeds for v2x applications. Future Internet 15(5):175","journal-title":"Future Internet"},{"issue":"8","key":"2216_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5920","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3065970","volume":"9","author":"Y Hui","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hui Y, Cheng N, Su Z, Huang Y, Zhao P, Luan TH, Li C (2021) Secure and personalized edge computing services in 6g heterogeneous vehicular networks. IEEE Internet Things J 9(8):5920\u20135931","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"2216_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.108797","volume":"206","author":"L Br\u00e9hon-Grataloup","year":"2022","unstructured":"Br\u00e9hon-Grataloup L, Kacimi R, Beylot AL (2022) Mobile edge computing for v2x architectures and applications: A survey. Comput Netw 206:108797","journal-title":"Comput Netw"},{"key":"2216_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136741","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3339192","volume":"11","author":"J Deng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Deng J, Deng J, Liu P, Wang H, Yan J, Pan D, Liu J (2023) A survey on vehicular cloud network security. IEEE Access 11:136741\u2013136757","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"2216_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Costantino G, De Vincenzi M, Matteucci I (2022) A comparative analysis of UNECE WP. 29 R155 and ISO\/SAE 21434. In: 2022 IEEE European symposium on security and privacy workshops (EuroS&PW) (IEEE), pp 340\u2013347","DOI":"10.1109\/EuroSPW55150.2022.00041"},{"key":"2216_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2025.104398","volume":"153","author":"N Sun","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun N, Wang W, Liu K, Li D, L\u00fc J (2025) Hybrid framework for security evaluation in internet of vehicles. Comput Sec 153:104398","journal-title":"Comput Sec"},{"issue":"3","key":"2216_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2387","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2023.3316224","volume":"21","author":"K Fang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fang K, Wang T, Tong L, Fang X, Pan Y, Wang W, Li J (2023) Non-intrusive security assessment methods for future autonomous transportation iov. IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng 21(3):2387\u20132399","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Autom Sci Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"2216_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.2023.3333545","volume":"38","author":"Q Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Q, Zuo J, Cao R, Zhang Y, Chen J, Liu Q, Wang J (2023) A security evaluation framework for intelligent connected vehicles based on attack chains. IEEE Network 38(2):148\u2013155","journal-title":"IEEE Network"},{"issue":"22","key":"2216_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3830","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11223830","volume":"11","author":"J Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen J, Li H, Hu Z, Liu K, Hou Y (2022) Evaluation index for ivis integration test under a closed condition based on the analytic hierarchy process. Electronics 11(22):3830","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"2216_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106515","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2021.106515","volume":"165","author":"SK Khan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khan SK, Shiwakoti N, Stasinopoulos P (2022) A conceptual system dynamics model for cybersecurity assessment of connected and autonomous vehicles. Accident Anal Prevent 165:106515","journal-title":"Accident Anal Prevent"},{"issue":"5","key":"2216_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11051509","volume":"11","author":"Q Meng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meng Q, Wu J, Wang H (2023) Research on new energy power system stability situation awareness based on index screening and dynamic evaluation. Processes 11(5):1509","journal-title":"Processes"},{"issue":"15","key":"2216_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5738","DOI":"10.3390\/en15155738","volume":"15","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Li J, Lan X, Lu S, Yu J (2022) Research on evaluation method of digital project cloud model considering weight sensitivity. Energies 15(15):5738","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"2216_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang Q, Gao H (2022) Research and evaluation analysis of power Internet of Things standard evaluation system based on structure entropy-factor analysis. In: 2022 China automation congress (CAC) (IEEE), pp 2466\u20132470","DOI":"10.1109\/CAC57257.2022.10056010"},{"issue":"3","key":"2216_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1504\/IJIPT.2021.117413","volume":"14","author":"J Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen J, Miao Y (2021) Research on security evaluation system of network information system based on rough set theory. Int J Internet Protoc Technol 14(3):155\u2013161","journal-title":"Int J Internet Protoc Technol"},{"key":"2216_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dua A, Sharma P, Ganju S, Jindal A, Aujla GS, Kumar N, Rodrigues JJ (2018) RoVAN: A rough set-based scheme for cluster head selection in vehicular ad-hoc networks. In: 2018 IEEE Global communications conference (GLOBECOM) (IEEE), pp 206\u2013212","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647576"},{"key":"2216_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu Y, Zheng Z, Cheng Y (2020) Improved Matrix-based Attribute Reduction Algorithm Based on Minimal Elements for Mobile Edge Computing. In: 2020 20th IEEE\/ACM International symposium on cluster, cloud and internet computing (CCGRID) (IEEE), pp 818\u2013822","DOI":"10.1109\/CCGrid49817.2020.000-4"},{"key":"2216_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huo H, Liu Y, Xu D, Fan Y, Wang S (2022) An Operational Value Index of Energy Storage Systems on a Power Grid Side for a Novel Power System. In: 2022 IEEE Asia-Pacific conference on image processing, electronics and computers (IPEC) (IEEE), pp 1507\u20131510","DOI":"10.1109\/IPEC54454.2022.9777580"},{"issue":"10","key":"2216_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0270859","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0270859","volume":"17","author":"J Su","year":"2022","unstructured":"Su J, Su K, Wang S (2022) Evaluation of digital economy development level based on multi-attribute decision theory. PLoS ONE 17(10):e0270859","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2216_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi Y, Li J, Lv L (2021) Complexity Assessment with K-Weighted Entropy for Cloud-Edge-Vehicle System. In: 2021 IEEE International conference on smart internet of things (SmartIoT) (IEEE), pp 294\u2013300","DOI":"10.1109\/SmartIoT52359.2021.00054"},{"issue":"5","key":"2216_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2021.12.001","volume":"9","author":"Y Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li Y, Yang J, Wen J (2023) Entropy-based redundancy analysis and information screening. Digit Commun Netw 9(5):1061\u20131069","journal-title":"Digit Commun Netw"},{"issue":"6","key":"2216_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13060973","volume":"13","author":"AR Krishnan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krishnan AR, Kasim MM, Hamid R, Ghazali MF (2021) A modified critic method to estimate the objective weights of decision criteria. Symmetry 13(6):973","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2216_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1109\/TFUZZ.2022.3190613","volume":"31","author":"M Deveci","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deveci M, Mishra AR, Gokasar I, Rani P, Pamucar D, \u00d6zcan E (2022) A decision support system for assessing and prioritizing sustainable urban transportation in metaverse. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 31(2):475\u2013484","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst"},{"key":"2216_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8240","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2024.3395649","volume":"71","author":"X Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li X (2024) Personal information security risk assessment for e-waste recycling based on fuzzy-gra-topsis and fmea. IEEE Trans Eng Manage 71:8240\u20138250","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Eng Manage"},{"key":"2216_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhol SG (2025) Applications of multi criteria decision making methods in cyber security. Cyber-Phys Syst Sec 233\u2013258","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-5734-3_11"},{"key":"2216_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kholidy HA, Karam A, Sidoran JL, Rahman MA (2021) 5g core security in edge networks: A vulnerability assessment approach. In: 2021 IEEE Symposium on computers and communications (ISCC) (IEEE), pp 1\u20136","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCC53001.2021.9631531"}],"container-title":["Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-026-02216-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12083-026-02216-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12083-026-02216-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T12:54:19Z","timestamp":1774961659000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12083-026-02216-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2216"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12083-026-02216-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1936-6450"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1936-6450","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of Interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they agree to publish.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"62"}}