{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T21:53:41Z","timestamp":1772747621913,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531094400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earth Sci Inform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-018-0356-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]],"date-time":"2018-07-09T03:36:14Z","timestamp":1531107374000},"page":"31-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Three-dimensional Forest growth simulation in virtual geographic environments"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Liyu","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xianmin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Chongcheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hongyu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ding","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"356_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"31","author":"C Chen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chen C (2004) Studies of compilation of standard yield table of seedling stand of cunninghamia lanceolata in general product area in Fujian journal of Fujian forestry. Sci Technol 31:1\u20133","journal-title":"Sci Technol"},{"key":"356_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2017.1419452","volume":"11","author":"M Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen M, Lin H (2018) Virtual geographic environments (VGEs): originating from or beyond virtual reality (VR)? International Journal of Digital Earth 11:329\u2013333","journal-title":"International Journal of Digital Earth"},{"key":"356_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chen M, Lin H, L\u00fc G (2017) Virtual geographic environments. Wiley and the American Association of Geographers (AAG). \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781118786352.wbieg0448","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118786352.wbieg0448"},{"key":"356_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2005.02.003","volume":"49","author":"NL Crookston","year":"2005","unstructured":"Crookston NL, Dixon GE (2005) The forest vegetation simulator: a review of its structure, content, and applications. Comput Electron Agric 49:60\u201380","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"356_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1145\/378456.378505","volume":"22","author":"P Reffye de","year":"1988","unstructured":"de Reffye P, Edelin C, Fran\u00e7on J, Jaeger M, Puech C (1988) Plant models faithful to botanical structure and development. ACM SIGGRAPH 22:151\u2013158","journal-title":"ACM SIGGRAPH"},{"key":"356_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2005.04.026","volume":"191","author":"U Di\u00e9guez-Aranda","year":"2006","unstructured":"Di\u00e9guez-Aranda U, Dorado FC, Gonz\u00e1lez JG\u00c1, Alboreca AR (2006) Dynamic growth model for scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plantations in Galicia (North-Western Spain). Ecol Model 191:225\u2013242","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"356_CR7","first-page":"221","volume":"69","author":"S Dufour-Kowalski","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dufour-Kowalski S, Courbaud B, Dreyfus P, Meredieu C (2012) De Coligny F. Capsis: an open software framework and community for forest growth modelling Ann For Sci 69:221\u2013233","journal-title":"Capsis: an open software framework and community for forest growth modelling Ann For Sci"},{"key":"356_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s13595-011-0144-5","volume":"69","author":"L Feng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Feng L, de Reffye P, Dreyfus P, Auclair D (2012) Connecting an architectural plant model to a forest stand dynamics model\u2014application to Austrian black pine stand visualization. Ann For Sci 69:245\u2013255","journal-title":"Ann For Sci"},{"key":"356_CR9","first-page":"3","volume":"1","author":"MF Goodchild","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goodchild MF (2010) Twenty years of progress: GIScience in 2010. J Spat Info Sci 1:3\u201320","journal-title":"J Spat Info Sci"},{"key":"356_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2014.02.016","volume":"279","author":"S Kolmani\u010d","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kolmani\u010d S, Guid N, Diaci J (2014) ForestMAS\u2013A single tree based secondary succession model employing Ellenberg indicator values. Ecol Model 279:100\u2013113","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"356_CR11","unstructured":"Larsen DR, Scott I (2010) The Sylview graphical interface to the SYLVAN STAND STRUCTURE model with examples from southern bottomland hardwood forests. In: A S (ed) Proceedings of the 14th biennial southern silvicultural research conference., Gen Tech. Rep SRS-121. Asheville, NC:U.S., Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station,"},{"key":"356_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2014.977292","volume":"29","author":"Y Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Y, Gong J, Liu H, Zhu J, Song Y, Liang J (2015) Real-time flood simulations using CA model driven by dynamic observation data. Int J Geogr Inf Sci 29:523\u2013535","journal-title":"Int J Geogr Inf Sci"},{"key":"356_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2012.12.030","volume":"251","author":"J Liao","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liao J, Li Z, Quets JJ, Nijs I (2013) Effects of space partitioning in a plant species diversity model. Ecol Model 251:271\u2013278","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"356_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1080\/19475683.2015.1099568","volume":"21","author":"H Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin H, Chen M (2015) Managing and sharing geographic knowledge in virtual geographic environments (VGEs). Annals Gis 21:261\u2013263","journal-title":"Annals Gis"},{"key":"356_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2013.08.001","volume":"126","author":"H Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin H et al (2013) Virtual geographic environments (vges): a new generation of geographic analysis tool. Earth-Sci Rev 126:74\u201384","journal-title":"Earth-Sci Rev"},{"key":"356_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.12167","volume":"19","author":"H Lin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lin H et al (2015) Virtual environments begin to embrace process-based geographic analysis. Trans Gis 19:493\u2013498","journal-title":"Trans Gis"},{"key":"356_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/38.736469","volume":"19","author":"B Lintermann","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lintermann B, Deussen O (1999) Interactive modeling of plants. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 19:56\u201365","journal-title":"IEEE Comput Graph Appl"},{"key":"356_CR18","unstructured":"Lu K (2012) The research of visual simulation of morphologycal structure change of Cunninghamia Lanceolata based physiological and ecological model. Chinese Academic of Forestry. phD"},{"key":"356_CR19","unstructured":"L\u00fc G, Chen M, Yuan L, Zhou L, Wen Y, Wu M et al (2017) Geographic scenario: a possible foundation for further development of virtual geographic environments. Int J Digital Earth 20(19):1\u201313"},{"key":"356_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2009.07.025","volume":"220","author":"PF Newton","year":"2009","unstructured":"Newton PF (2009) Development of an integrated decision-support model for density management within jack pine stand-types. Ecol Model 220:3301\u20133324","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"356_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2007.11.035","volume":"255","author":"B Pokharel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pokharel B, Froese RE (2008) Evaluating alternative implementations of the Lake States FVS diameter increment model. For Ecol Manage 255:1759\u20131771","journal-title":"For Ecol Manage"},{"key":"356_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foreco.2009.04.040","volume":"258","author":"B Pokharel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pokharel B, Froese RE (2009) Representing site productivity in the basal area increment model for FVS-Ontario. For Ecol Manage 258:657\u2013666","journal-title":"For Ecol Manage"},{"key":"356_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1127(02)00047-6","volume":"162","author":"H Pretzsch","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pretzsch H, Biber P, \u010eursk\u00fd J (2002) The single tree-based stand simulator SILVA: construction, application and evaluation. For Ecol Manage 162:3\u201321","journal-title":"For Ecol Manage"},{"key":"356_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcm246","volume":"101","author":"H Pretzsch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pretzsch H, Grote R, Reineking B, R\u00f6tzer T, Seifert S (2008) Models for forest ecosystem management: a European perspective. Ann Bot 101:1065\u20131087","journal-title":"Ann Bot"},{"key":"356_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8476-2","volume-title":"The algorithmic beauty of plant","author":"ALP Prusinkiewicz","year":"1990","unstructured":"Prusinkiewicz ALP, Lindenmayer A, Hanan JS, Fracchia FD, Fowler D (1990) The algorithmic beauty of plant. Springer, New York"},{"key":"356_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1145\/1141911.1141929","volume":"3","author":"L Quan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Quan L, Tan P, Zeng G, Yuan L, Wang J, Kang SB (2006) Image-based plant modeling. ACM TransGraph (TOG) 3. ACM:599\u2013604","journal-title":"ACM TransGraph (TOG)"},{"key":"356_CR27","first-page":"43","volume":"8","author":"J Rossmann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rossmann J, Schluse M, Schlette C (2010) The virtual forest: robotics and simulation technology as the basis for new approaches to the biological and the technical production in the forest. Journal of Systemics Cybernetics & Informatics (JSCI) 8:43\u201348","journal-title":"Journal of Systemics Cybernetics & Informatics (JSCI)"},{"key":"356_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2014.01.026","volume":"290","author":"J Sainte-Marie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sainte-Marie J et al (2014) A new probabilistic canopy dynamics model (SLCD) that is suitable for evergreen and deciduous forest ecosystems. Ecol Model 290:121\u2013133","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"356_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1071\/FP08077","volume":"35","author":"R Siev\u00e4nen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Siev\u00e4nen R, Perttunen J, Nikinmaa E, Kaitaniemi P (2008) Toward extension of a single tree functional\u2013structural model of scots pine to stand level: effect of the canopy of randomly distributed, identical trees on development of tree structure. Funct Plant Biol 35:964\u2013975","journal-title":"Funct Plant Biol"},{"key":"356_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2013.12.001","volume":"290","author":"DD Silva","year":"2014","unstructured":"Silva DD, Han L, Costes E (2014) Light interception efficiency of apple trees: A multiscale computational study based on MAppleT. Ecol Model 290:45\u201353","journal-title":"Ecol Model"},{"key":"356_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/26.3.337","volume":"26","author":"G Sonohat","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sonohat G, Sinoquet H, Kulandaivelu V, Combes D, Lescourret F (2006) Three-dimensional reconstruction of partially 3D-digitized peach tree canopies. Tree Physiol 26:337\u2013351","journal-title":"Tree Physiol"},{"key":"#cr-split#-356_CR32.1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang L, Chen C, Zou J, Lin Y, Lin D, Li J (2011) OntoPlant: an integrated virtual plant software package for different scale applications. In: Leung L ZC, Lees B","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSDM.2011.5969053"},{"key":"#cr-split#-356_CR32.2","unstructured":"(ed) 2011 IEEE International Conference on Spatial Data Mining and Geographical Knowledge Services (ICSDM), Fuzhou China. IEEE, pp 308-314"},{"key":"356_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7015","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-015-4763-2","volume":"74","author":"L Tang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tang L, Chen C, Huang H, Lin D (2015a) An integrated system for 3D tree modeling and growth simulation. Environ Earth Sci 74:7015\u20137028. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12665-015-4763-2","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"key":"356_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2015.09.012","volume":"30","author":"L Tang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tang L, Hou C, Huang H, Chen C, Zou J, Lin D (2015b) Light interception efficiency analysis based on three-dimensional peach canopy models. Eco Inform 30:60\u201367","journal-title":"Eco Inform"},{"key":"356_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2009.05.005","volume":"68","author":"J Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang J, Sharma BD, Li Y, Miller GW (2009) Modeling and validating spatial patterns of a 3D stand generator for central Appalachian hardwood forests. Comput Electron Agric 68:141\u2013149","journal-title":"Comput Electron Agric"},{"key":"356_CR36","first-page":"293","volume":"18","author":"W Weibull","year":"1951","unstructured":"Weibull W (1951) A statistical distribution function of wide applicability. J Appl Math 18:293\u2013297","journal-title":"J Appl Math"},{"key":"356_CR37","first-page":"233","volume":"16","author":"C Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu C, Hong W, Yan S (2005) Experience model for self-thinning process of even-aged pure stands. Chin J Appl Ecol 16:233\u2013237","journal-title":"Chin J Appl Ecol"},{"key":"356_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2014.01.008","volume":"119","author":"C Wu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wu C, He L, Du X, Chen S, Ni K (2014) 3D reconstruction of Chinese hickory tree for dynamics analysis. Biosyst Eng 119:69\u201379. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2014.01.008","journal-title":"Biosyst Eng"},{"key":"356_CR39","first-page":"12141226","volume":"20","author":"X Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang X, Li H, Dai M, Ma W, Quan L (2014) Data-driven synthetic modeling of trees. IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph 20:12141226","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Vis Comput Graph"}],"container-title":["Earth Science Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0356-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0356-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0356-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,8]],"date-time":"2019-07-08T19:20:24Z","timestamp":1562613624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0356-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0356-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0473","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0481","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 July 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}