{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T19:08:24Z","timestamp":1770836904296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533600000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["41561081,41001198"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41561081,41001198"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the National Key Research Development Program of China","award":["2017YFB0503600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017YFB0503600"]}]},{"name":"the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41331175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41331175"]}]},{"name":"the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","award":["2042016kf0176,2042016kf1035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2042016kf0176,2042016kf1035"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Earth Sci Inform"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s12145-018-0358-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]],"date-time":"2018-08-07T14:59:25Z","timestamp":1533653965000},"page":"43-56","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Optical remote-sensing data based research on detecting soil salinity at different depth in an arid-area oasis, Xinjiang, China"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3858-8212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hongnan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"358_CR1","first-page":"1858","volume":"47","author":"A Ablat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ablat A, Tashpolat T, Abdulla A et al (2010) Study on dynamic change and cause analysis of soil salinization in arid oasis: a case study in the Delta oasis of Weigan and Kuqa rivers. Xinjiang Agri Sci 47(9):1858\u20131863 (In Chinese)","journal-title":"Xinjiang Agri Sci"},{"key":"358_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pce.2010.12.004","volume":"55-57","author":"A Akhtar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Akhtar A, Khan S, Hussain N et al (2013) Characterizing soil salinity in irrigated agriculture using a remote sensing approach. Phys Chem Earth 55-57:43\u201352","journal-title":"Phys Chem Earth"},{"key":"358_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(13)60029-6","volume":"3","author":"TG Ammari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ammari TG, Tahhan R, Abubake S et al (2013) Soil salinity changes in the Jordan valley potentially threaten sustainable irrigated agriculture. Pedosphere 3:376\u2013384","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"key":"358_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173","volume":"51","author":"RM Baron","year":"1986","unstructured":"Baron RM, Kenny DA (1986) The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. J Pers Soc Psychol 51:1173\u20131182","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"16","key":"358_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-017-3148-0","volume":"10","author":"H Besser","year":"2017","unstructured":"Besser H, Mokadem N, Redhouania B, Rhimi N, Khlifi F, Ayadi Y, Omar Z, Bouajila A, Hamed Y (2017) GIS-based evaluation of groundwater quality and estimation of soil salinization and land degradation risks in an arid Mediterranean site (SW Tunisia). Arab J Geosci 10(16):350","journal-title":"Arab J Geosci"},{"key":"358_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.03.155","volume":"107","author":"T Chi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chi T, Li B, Mu L, Cao G (2017) Application study of the microwave emissivity spectra in the estimation of salt content of saline soil. Procedia computer science 107:727\u2013732","journal-title":"Procedia computer science"},{"issue":"4","key":"358_CR7","first-page":"624","volume":"31","author":"JL Ding","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ding JL, Zhang F, Jiang HN et al (2008) Spatial variability of soil conductivity and salt content in the North Tarim Basin: a case study in the delta oasis of Weigan-Kuqa rivers. Arid Land Geography 31(4):624\u2013632 (In Chinese)","journal-title":"Arid Land Geography"},{"issue":"3","key":"358_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-5809(92)90031-N","volume":"41","author":"L Fahrig","year":"1992","unstructured":"Fahrig L (1992) Relative importance of spatial and temperal scales in a patchy environment. Theor Popul Biol 41(3):300\u2013314","journal-title":"Theor Popul Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"358_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2007.02.005","volume":"110","author":"J Farifteh","year":"2007","unstructured":"Farifteh J, Meer FVD, Atzberger C et al (2007) Quantitative analysis of salt-affected soil reflectance spectra: a comparison of two adaptive methods (PLSR and ANN). Remote Sens Environ 110(1):59\u201378","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"issue":"4","key":"358_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00271-009-0149-0","volume":"27","author":"I Forkutsa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Forkutsa I, Sommer R, Shirokova YI, Lamers JPA, Kienzler K, Tischbein B, Martius C, Vlek PLG (2009) Modeling irrigated cotton with shallow groundwater in the Aral Sea basin of Uzbekistan:II soil salinity dynamics. Irrig Sci 27(4):319\u2013330","journal-title":"Irrig Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"358_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-017-5877-7","volume":"189","author":"HT Fourati","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fourati HT, Bouaziz M, Benzina M et al (2017) Detection of terrain indices related to soil salinity and mapping salt-affected soils using remote sensing and geostatistical techniques. Environ Monit Assess 189(4):177","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"10","key":"358_CR12","first-page":"2695","volume":"30","author":"TT Gao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gao TT, Ding JL, Ha XP et al (2010) The spatial variability of salt content based on river basin scale: a case study of the delta oasis in Weigan-Kuqa watershed. Acta Ecol Sin 30(10):2695\u20132705 (In Chinese)","journal-title":"Acta Ecol Sin"},{"issue":"4","key":"358_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S2095-3119(13)60290-7","volume":"12","author":"Y Guo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guo Y, Shi Z, Zhou LQ et al (2013) Integrating remote sensing and proximal sensors for the detection of soil moisture and salinity variability in coastal areas. J Integr Agric 12(4):723\u2013731","journal-title":"J Integr Agric"},{"issue":"17","key":"358_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1007\/s12665-017-6935-8","volume":"76","author":"Z Haj-Amor","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haj-Amor Z, Toth T, Lbrahimi MK et al (2017) Effects of excessive irrigation of date palm on soil salinization, shallow groundwater properties, and water use in a Saharan oasis. Environ Earth Sci 76(17):590","journal-title":"Environ Earth Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"358_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1080\/03637750903310360","volume":"76","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hayes AF (2009) Beyond baron and Kenny: statistical mediation analysis in the new millennium. Commun Monogr 76(4):408\u2013420","journal-title":"Commun Monogr"},{"issue":"1","key":"358_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JRS.11.016043","volume":"11","author":"HN Jiang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jiang HN, Shu H, Lei L, Xu J (2017) Estimating soil salt components and salinity using hyperspectral remote sensing data in an arid area of China. J Appl Remote Sens 11(1):016043","journal-title":"J Appl Remote Sens"},{"issue":"5","key":"358_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X8100500502","volume":"5","author":"CM Judd","year":"1981","unstructured":"Judd CM, Kenny DA (1981) Process analysis: estimating mediation in treatment evaluations. Eval Rev 5(5):602\u2013619","journal-title":"Eval Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"358_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-012-9889-3","volume":"50","author":"G Judkins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Judkins G, Myint S (2012) Spatial variation of soil salinity in the Mexicali valley, Mexico: application of a practical method for agricultural monitoring. Environ Manag 50(3):478\u2013489","journal-title":"Environ Manag"},{"issue":"3","key":"358_CR19","first-page":"63","volume":"1","author":"NM Khan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Khan NM, Sato Y (2001) Monitoring hydro-salinity status and its impact in irrigated semi-arid areas using IRS-1B LISS-II data. Asian Journal of Geoinform 1(3):63\u201373","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Geoinform"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"358_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2004.09.038","volume":"77","author":"NM Khan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khan NM, Rastoskuev VV, Sato Y, Shiozawa S (2005) Assessment of hydrosaline land degradation by using a simple approach of remote sensing indicators. Agric Water Manag 77(1\u20133):96\u2013109","journal-title":"Agric Water Manag"},{"issue":"1","key":"358_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2012.11.005","volume":"195-196","author":"HY Li","year":"2013","unstructured":"Li HY, Shi Z, Webster R, Triantafilis J (2013) Mapping the three-dimensional variation of soil salinity in a rice-paddy soil. Geoderma 195-196(1):31\u201341","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"358_CR22","first-page":"196","volume":"5","author":"LC Liu","year":"1986","unstructured":"Liu LC (1986) A preliminary study of soil salinization in the northern Tarim Basin. Chinese Journal of Soil Science 5:196\u2013200 (In Chinese)","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Soil Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"358_CR23","first-page":"1211","volume":"147","author":"GM Liu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Liu GM, Yang JS, He LD et al (2013) Salt dynamics in soil profiles during long-term evaporation under different groundwater conditions. G Bot Ital 147(4):1211\u20131218","journal-title":"G Bot Ital"},{"key":"358_CR24","volume-title":"Soil argrochemistry analysis protocoes[M]","author":"R Lu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lu R (1999) Soil argrochemistry analysis protocoes[M]. China Agriculture Science Press, Beijing"},{"issue":"5","key":"358_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S1002-0160(12)60049-6","volume":"22","author":"ZE Mashimbye","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mashimbye ZE, Cho MA, Nell JP et al (2012) Model-based integrated methods for quantitative estimation of soil salinity from hyperspectral remote sensing data: a case study of selected south African soils. Pedosphere 22(5):640\u2013649","journal-title":"Pedosphere"},{"issue":"3","key":"358_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1109\/TGRS.2012.2206817","volume":"51","author":"AD Matteo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matteo AD, Pettinelli E, Slob E (2013) Early-time GPR signal attributes to estimate soil dielectric permittivity: a theoretical study. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 51(3):1643\u20131654","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens"},{"issue":"1","key":"358_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-4257(02)00188-8","volume":"85","author":"GI Metternicht","year":"2003","unstructured":"Metternicht GI, Zinck JA (2003) Remote sensing of soil salinity: potentials and constraints. Remote Sens Environ 85(1):1\u201320","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"issue":"5","key":"358_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s11027-012-9381-7","volume":"18","author":"AK Misra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Misra AK (2013) Climate change impact, mitigation and adaptation strategies for agricultural and water resources in ganga plain (India). Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 18(5):673\u2013689","journal-title":"Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change"},{"issue":"3","key":"358_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.2010.04706.x","volume":"182","author":"D Moghadas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moghadas D, Andre F, Slob EC et al (2010) Joint full-waveform analysis of off-ground zero-offset ground penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction synthetic data for estimating soil electrical properties. Geophys J Int 182(3):1267\u20131278","journal-title":"Geophys J Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"358_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10813","DOI":"10.3390\/rs61110813","volume":"6","author":"S Nawar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nawar S, Buddenbaum H, Hill J, Kozak J (2014) Modeling and mapping of soil salinity with reflectance spectroscopy and landsat data using two quantitative methods (PLSR and MARS). Remote Sens 6(11):10813\u201310834","journal-title":"Remote Sens"},{"issue":"1","key":"358_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-2697-2-4","volume":"2","author":"GM Ochieng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ochieng GM, Ojo OI, Otieno FA et al (2013) Use of remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) for salinity assessment of Vaal-harts irrigation scheme, South Africa. Environ Syst Res 2(1):1\u201312","journal-title":"Environ Syst Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"358_CR32","first-page":"679","volume":"280","author":"S Rudolph","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rudolph S, Weihermuller L, Garre S et al (2011) Determination of apparent soil electrical conductivity with the EM38-MK2 in western Thailand. J Am Med Assoc 280(8):679\u2013679","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"issue":"6","key":"358_CR33","first-page":"118","volume":"27","author":"MAN Sabit","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sabit MAN, Chen DH (2005) Development and evolvement of Weigan River-Kuche River Delta oasis and its sustainable development. Res Sci 27(6):118\u2013124 (In Chinese)","journal-title":"Res Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"358_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jag.2013.06.002","volume":"26","author":"A Sidike","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sidike A, Zhao S, Wen Y et al (2014) Estimating soil salinity in Pingluo County of China using QuickBird data and soil reflectance spectra. Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf 26(2):156\u2013175","journal-title":"Int J Appl Earth Obs Geoinf"},{"issue":"132","key":"358_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.01.008","volume":"132","author":"KR Thorp","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thorp KR, French AN, Rango A (2013) Effect of image spatial and spectral characteristics on mapping semi-arid rangeland vegetation using multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis. Remote Sens Environ 132(132):120\u2013130","journal-title":"Remote Sens Environ"},{"key":"358_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2017.08.022","volume":"310","author":"J Walter","year":"2018","unstructured":"Walter J, Luck E, Bauriegel A et al (2018) Seasonal dynamics of soil salinity in peatlands: a geophysical approach. Geoderma 310:1\u201311","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"issue":"482","key":"358_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2012.12.029","volume":"482","author":"A Yakirevich","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yakirevich A, Weisbrod N, Kuznetsov M, Rivera Villarreyes CA, Benavent I, Chavez AM, Ferrando D (2013) Modeling the impact of solute recycling on groundwater salinization under irrigated lands: a study of the alto Piura aquifer, Peru. J Hydrol 482(482):25\u201339","journal-title":"J Hydrol"},{"key":"358_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-012-0557-1","volume":"26","author":"SP Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu SP, Yang JS, Lium GM et al (2012) Multiple time scale characteristics of rainfall and its impact on soil salinization in the typical easily salinized area in Huang-Huai-Hai-plain, China. Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess 26:983\u2013992","journal-title":"Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess"}],"container-title":["Earth Science Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0358-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0358-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0358-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,6]],"date-time":"2019-08-06T19:19:41Z","timestamp":1565119181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0358-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]}},"alternative-id":["358"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12145-018-0358-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-0473","1865-0481"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-0473","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-0481","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 August 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}